CN103749958B - A kind of silage composition and application thereof containing wheat stalk and alta fascue - Google Patents
A kind of silage composition and application thereof containing wheat stalk and alta fascue Download PDFInfo
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- CN103749958B CN103749958B CN201310751184.0A CN201310751184A CN103749958B CN 103749958 B CN103749958 B CN 103749958B CN 201310751184 A CN201310751184 A CN 201310751184A CN 103749958 B CN103749958 B CN 103749958B
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- wheat stalk
- silage
- lactic acid
- alta fascue
- acid bacteria
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of silage composition and the application thereof that contain wheat stalk and alta fascue.A kind of wheat stalk and alta fascue silage composition, composed of the following components: in fresh weight, wheat stalk 55 ~ 65 weight portion, alta fascue 35 ~ 45 weight portion, cellulase preparation and lactic acid bacteria compound additive, described lactic acid bacteria compound additive is made up of lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and glucose.The present invention is directed to the characteristic of wheat stalk and alta fascue, have selected the combination of specific fermentation accelerant in many fermentation accelerants of comforming, significantly improve the fermentation quality of mixed silage feed, cost is low, safety, reliably, is easy to utilize.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fodder grass modulation processing and bio-additive applied technical field, be specifically related to a kind of silage composition and the application thereof that contain wheat stalk and alta fascue.
Background technology
The geographical position special due to Tibet and ecological condition, animal husbandry occupies very important status in the whole district.But pasturing area in Tibet's meadow overloading ratio reaches 80% at present, excessive overgrazed causes the utilized meadow of more than 50% to occur to degenerate in various degree, and wherein more than 1/2 heavy-degraded, about 1/3 desertifies.Grassland degeneration causes grass poultry contradiction, seriously constrains the sustainable development of Tibetan husbandry.High quality forage plantation is implemented in agriculture district, Tibet, process and storage, for pastoral area provides quality silage, hides northern winter-spring season meadow overgraze pressure to alleviation, promote degrade genesis restoration and reconstruction, realize grassland in Northern Tibet animal husbandry decompression synergy significant.
Crops Straw Silage can improve its palatability, improves stalk digestibility, saves Forage Germplasm Resources, solves due to problems such as extremely frigid zones forage yield is low, the seasonal imbalances of forage grass supply.But wheat stalk is difficult to successfully due to the low independent ensiling of its sugar content, need to take measures to improve fermentation quality.Yang etc. (2006) improve the fermentation quality of wheat stalk ensiling by adding fructose.In general, graminous pasture water-soluble sugar content is higher, by itself and agricultural crop straw mixed silage, is namely conducive to improving Crops Straw Silage fermentation quality, can improves its nutritional quality again.The advantages such as alta fascue is with strong adaptability, and biological yield is higher, and water soluble carbohydrates is higher, and palatability is good, become the Main Cultivation herbage in Tibet gradually.
Along with the development of biotechnology, utilize interpolation cellulase and lactic acid bacteria to promote lactic fermentation all over the world, suppress butyric fermentation.But years of researches show in Tibet, herbage and agricultural crop straw mixed silage spontaneous fermentation quality fail to reach high-quality level, add separately enzyme preparation, molasses, lactic acid bacteria etc. and also do not reach good effect.Its reason is mainly that the cellulose molecular structure of ensiling material is variant, and the Lactic Acid Bacteria that material adheres to is less.Therefore, need suitable enzyme and lactic acid bacteria, or the object reaching and improve ensilage fermentation quality is added in the two combination.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to Tibet ensiling produce in the low problem of wheat stalk utilization rate, provide silage composition.
The invention provides the application of silage composition in mixed silage feed preparation.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
A kind of wheat stalk and alta fascue silage composition, be made up of following raw material: in fresh weight, wheat stalk 55 ~ 65 weight portion, alta fascue 35 ~ 45 weight portion, cellulase preparation and lactic acid bacteria compound additive, described lactic acid bacteria compound additive is made up of lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and glucose.
The cornzyme cellulase that feed international corporation of described cellulase preparation preferred Finland produces.
In described silage composition, with wheat stalk and the total fresh weight of alta fascue raw material for benchmark, described cellulase preparation content in the composition preferably 2.0 ~ 4.0mL kg
-1fW, further preferred 2.5mL kg
-1fW.
Be made up of 60% Lactobacillus plantarum freeze-dried powder, 20% withered colored bacillus freeze-dried powder and 20% glucose by weight in described lactic acid bacteria compound additive.
In described silage composition, with wheat stalk and the total fresh weight of alta fascue raw material for benchmark, described lactic acid bacteria compound additive content in the composition preferably 1.5 ~ 3.5g kg
-1fW, further preferred 2.0g kg
-1fW.
Described silage composition, is preferably made up of following component: in fresh weight, wheat stalk 60 weight portion, alta fascue 40 weight portion, and 2.5mL kg
-1fW cellulase preparation and 2.0g kg
-1fW lactic acid bacteria compound additive.
The application of silage composition of the present invention in ensilage is produced.
Utilize described silage composition to produce a method for mixed silage feed, 1. wheat stalk and alta fascue two kinds of fermentation raw materials are cut off, preferably prescind to 1-2cm, and mix in proportion; 2. described cellulase preparation and lactic acid bacteria compound additive is added; 3. storage 24 ~ 60 days are sealed at 10-25 DEG C after adding cellulase and lactic acid bacteria compound additive.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1) the present invention is directed to the characteristic of wheat stalk and alta fascue, have selected the combination of specific fermentation accelerant in many fermentation accelerants of comforming, significantly improve the fermentation quality of mixed silage feed, cost is low, safety, reliably, is easy to utilize.
2) cellulase preparation and lactic acid bacteria compound additive are as the silage fermentation promoter of wheat stalk and alta fascue, and the quality of the ensilage obtained obviously is superior to the quality of not adding the ensilage that fermentation accelerant, single interpolation enzyme preparation and lactic acid bacteria compound additive obtain.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
1. MATERIALS METHODS
1.1 test material
Test material plant in station, grassland, Tibet Autonomous Region Shigatse City experimental field in, cradled on September 7th, 2010.Wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) is the stem stalk after seed results, is heading stage when alta fascue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cradles.Cradle rear laboratory, station, grassland, Rikaze of sending back to rapidly and modulate ensilage.Mix by weight: 60% wheat stalk+40% alta fascue is material.Horizental silo adopts the use for laboratory horizental silo of 1000mL plastic containers.
Cellulase preparation main component comprises cellulase, hemicellulase and glucose oxidase, and addition consults and uses explanation.By weight, be made up of 60% Lactobacillus plantarum freeze-dried powder, 20% bacillus subtilis freeze-dried powder and 20% glucose, Lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis are purchased from Shanghai Fu Sheng Bioisystech Co., Ltd to lactic acid bacteria compound additive.
The preparation method of lactic acid bacteria compound additive is as follows:
1) MRS culture medium is: peptone 10.0g; Beef extract 10.0g; Yeast extract 5.0g; Glucose 20.0g; Tween 1mL; Ammonium citrate 2.0g; Sodium acetate 5.0g; Magnesium sulfate 0.1g; Manganese sulfate 0.05g; Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2.0g; Distilled water 1000mL.Solid medium adds 15g/L agar again, 121 DEG C, sterilizing 20min.Meat soup nutrient medium is: beef extract 3g, yeast extract 2g; Peptone 10.0g; Distilled water 1000mL.Solid medium adds 15g/L agar again, 121 DEG C, sterilizing 20min.
2) Lactobacillus plantarum cultivate at the MRS culture medium 35 DEG C of 1L 16 hours, bacillus subtilis cultivates after 16 hours at the meat soup nutrient medium 30 DEG C of 1L, 3500 revs/min of collected by centrifugation thalline.
3) two thalline add 0.5L frozen solution (by weight 100g frozen solution containing 10g skimmed milk power, 5g glycerine, 1g sodium glutamate, 1g sucrose, 83g water) respectively and fully mix; being sub-packed in diameter is in the plastic culture dish of 9 centimetres, and makes liquid depth be that 2/3 culture dish is high.
4) freeze-80 DEG C of refrigerator and cooled and within 1 hour, make it completely freezing, then put into freeze drier-40 DEG C of vacuum freeze-dryings 48 hours; After freeze-drying, the freeze-dried powder of each culture dish scraped and mix.
5) by 1g Lactobacillus plantarum freeze-dried powder dilution 10
8doubly and cultivate on MRS agar medium, detect, ensure in every gram of freeze-dried powder containing 10
11individual Lactobacillus plantarum; By 1g bacillus subtilis freeze-dried powder dilution 10
8doubly and cultivate on nutrient agar, detect, ensure in every gram of freeze-dried powder containing 10
9individual bacillus subtilis.
6) carry out encapsulation by 5g/ bag after by weight, 60% Lactobacillus plantarum freeze-dried powder, 20% bacillus subtilis freeze-dried powder and 20% glucose being mixed and make lactic acid bacteria compound additive.
1.2 experimental design
Control group (Control) is set: the distilled water adding respective horizontal; Add cellulase group (WTE): add 2.5mLkg
-1the cellulase of FW; Lactic fermentation group (WTF): add 2.0g kg
-1fW lactic acid bacteria compound additive; Mixing interpolation group (WTEF): 2.5mL kg
-1fW cellulase+2.0g kg
-1fW lactic acid bacteria compound additive.Pitch-based sphere all with ensilage raw material fresh weight for benchmark.Three repetitions are established in each process.Open cellar for storing things grab sample at the 7th, 24,45 and 60 day of ensiling respectively, measure the corresponding index of ensilage.
1.3 test method
1.3.1 the modulation of ensilage
Be cut into 2cm at field chopper after cradling on September 7th, 2010, after cauline leaf fully mixes, take by different proportion needed for experimental design, load in the horizental silo of laboratory immediately, compacting bonnet inward upper cover, blend compounds band seals, and takes back laboratory room temperature storage.
1.3.2 sample pretreatment
Within 7th, 24,45,60 days, horizental silo is opened respectively in ensiling, take out whole ensilage to be mixed, sample quarterlies 35g puts into the wide-mouth triangular flask of 100mL, add the deionized water of 70g, 4 DEG C of lixiviate 24h, then filtered by 2 layers of gauze and qualitative filter paper, gained liquid is ensilage leaching liquor, leaching liquor is placed in-20 DEG C of deep freezers and preserves to be measured.Filtrate is used for measuring pH, lactic acid, ammoniacal nitrogen and volatile fatty acid.Remainder ensilage is collected and dries, measure dry, total nitrogen and water soluble carbohydrates.
1.3.3 project and analytical method is measured
Dry matter content measures (dry matter, DM) dry 60h in 65 DEG C of baking ovens; PH HANNA pH211 type pH meter measures; The p-xenol colorimetric method for determining of lactic acid (lactic acid, LA); Water soluble carbohydrates (water soluble carbohydrate, WSC) adopts By Anthrone Sulphuric acid Colorimetry; Ammoniacal nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen, AN) adopts phenol-clorox colorimetric method for determining, to account for the percentage calculation of total nitrogen; Total nitrogen (total nitrogen, TN) adopts Kjeldahl nitrogen determination; Volatile fatty acid (volatile fatty acids, VFAs) high resolution gas chromatography instrument (Japanese Shimadzu GC214B) is adopted to measure, comprise acetic acid (acetic acid, AA), propionic acid (propionic acid, PA) with butyric acid (butyric acid, BA), condition determination: column temperature 140 DEG C, temperature of vaporization chamber 180 DEG C, hydrogen detector temperature 220 DEG C.
1.4 data statistics
Adopting SAS(8.2) software carries out the one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test data, and by Deng Kenshi (Duncan) method, Multiple range test (P<0.05) is carried out to average between processing and between ensiling number of days.
2. result
As table 1, in ensilage, the lactic acid content of each group was in rising trend, ensiling the 60th day, the lactic acid content of all additive groups is significantly higher than Control(P<0.05), the lactic acid content of WTEF group is significantly higher than (P<0.05) WTE and WTF.Accordingly, in ensilage, each group pH value declines gradually with ensiling time lengthening.Compared with ensiling the 7th day, respectively organize during ensiling the 24th day pH value significantly (P<0.05) drop to less than 4.0, ensiling is after the 60th day, and the pH value of WTEF group is significantly lower than (P<0.05) other group.Lactic acid/acetic acid the value respectively organized when ensiling the 24th day significantly raises (P<0.05).Ensiling is after 60 days, and the lactic acid/acetic acid of WTEF is significantly higher than (P<0.05) WTE group and Control.The content of propionic acid in whole silage fermentation process is all less, and difference is not significantly (P>0.05).In ensilage, the butyric acid content of each group is in rising trend.Ensiling the 60th day, the butyric acid content of WTEF was significantly lower than WTE, WTF and Control(P<0.05).In whole silage fermentation process, general volatile content of fatty acid variation tendency and acetic acid basically identical.
As seen from Table 2, along with ensiling to carry out ammoniacal nitrogen/total values of nitrogen might of each group in rising trend.Ensiling the 60th day, ammoniacal nitrogen/total values of nitrogen might of WTEF was significantly lower than (P<0.05) WTE, WTF and Control.Along with the carrying out of silage fermentation, the water soluble carbohydrates content of each group is on a declining curve.Ensiling the 7th day, the water soluble carbohydrates content of Control and WTEF was significantly higher than (P<0.05) WTE and WTF.Ensiling the 60th day, the water soluble carbohydrates content of WTEF was significantly higher than (P<0.05) WTE, WTF and Control.
In sum, wheat stalk and the alta fascue mixed silage feed lactic acid content of independent interpolation cellulase preparation or lactic acid bacteria compound additive are higher, butyric acid content is lower, improve fermentation quality to a certain extent, but wheat stalk and the alta fascue mixed silage feed lactic acid content of combination interpolation cellulase preparation and lactic acid bacteria compound additive are the highest, butyric acid content is minimum, and the Be very effective improving fermentation quality is better than interpolation cellulase preparation or lactic acid bacteria compound additive separately.
Table 1 adds enzyme and lactic acid bacteria compound additive to the impact of pH, dry, lactic acid, Volatile fatty acid contents and lactic acid/acetic acid in wheat stalk and alta fascue mixed silage process
Note: FW, fresh weight; DM, dry; Different lowercase a, b, c, d represent significant difference between same process different number of days, P<0.05; Different capitalization A, B, C, D represent significant difference between different disposal on the same day, P<0.05.
Table 2 adds enzyme and lactic acid bacteria compound additive to the impact of ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen and water soluble carbohydrates content in wheat stalk and alta fascue mixed silage process
。
Claims (10)
1. one kind contains the silage composition of wheat stalk and alta fascue, it is characterized in that composed of the following components: in fresh weight, wheat stalk 60 weight portion, alta fascue 40 weight portion, cellulase preparation and lactic acid bacteria compound additive, described lactic acid bacteria compound additive by weight, is made up of 60% Lactobacillus plantarum freeze-dried powder, 20% bacillus subtilis freeze-dried powder and 20% glucose.
2. silage composition according to claim 1, is characterized in that described cellulase preparation is the cornzyme cellulase that feed international corporation of Finland produces.
3. silage composition according to claim 2, is characterized in that described cellulase preparation content is in the composition 2.0 ~ 4.0 mL kg with wheat stalk and the total fresh weight of alta fascue raw material for benchmark
-1fW.
4. silage composition according to claim 3, is characterized in that described cellulase preparation content is in the composition 2.5 mL kg with wheat stalk and the total fresh weight of alta fascue raw material for benchmark
-1fW.
5. silage composition according to claim 4, is characterized in that described lactic acid bacteria compound additive content is in the composition 1.5 ~ 3.5 g kg with wheat stalk and the total fresh weight of alta fascue raw material for benchmark
-1fW.
6. silage composition according to claim 5, is characterized in that described lactic acid bacteria compound additive content is in the composition 2.0 g kg with wheat stalk and the total fresh weight of alta fascue raw material for benchmark
-1fW.
7. the application of silage composition according to claim 1 in ensilage is produced.
8. utilize the silage composition according to any one of claim 1 ~ 6 to prepare a method for mixed silage feed, it is characterized in that 1. wheat stalk and alta fascue two kinds of fermentation raw materials being cut off, and mix in proportion; 2. described cellulase preparation and lactic acid bacteria compound additive is added; 3. 10 ~ 25 DEG C of sealing storages.
9. method according to claim 8, is characterized in that wheat stalk and alta fascue prescind to 1 ~ 2 cm.
10. method according to claim 8, is characterized in that described sealing storage time is 24 ~ 60 days.
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| 复合微生物菌剂处理玉米秸秆及对育成牛应用效果的研究;孙文;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 农业科技辑》;20110515(第5期);第D050-30页 * |
| 提高西藏地区小麦秸秆与多年生黑麦草、苇状羊茅混合青贮发酵品质的研究;王元琛;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 农业科技辑》;20130615(第6期);第D050-52页 * |
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