Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of processing technology of pacifying tea, uses modern tea making theory to combine with traditional handicraft, has both maintained the traditional characteristics of peace tea, imparts again the fashion demand of modern peace tea.
The required technical problem solved of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Pacify a processing technology for tea, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) harvesting of fresh leaf: leaf picking chooses bud one leaf to bud four leaf, and plucking time is from grain rains to mid-June, and the rainy day does not adopt;
(2) stand is blue or green: blue or green by conditioning stand in indoor after leaf picking, the thick 10cm of stand leaf, and indoor temperature keeps 25 ± 2 DEG C, relative air humidity 80 ± 2%, stir 2 ~ 3 night, dry weather answers replenishing water and preserving moisture, passes through conditioning, long about 10h ± 2 of withering slowly of withering, make to pay leaf moisture content processed and reach 67 ~ 68%, weight-loss ratio 11 ~ 13%, blade atrophy deliquescing, upright shoot performance terminal bud lateral bending or sagging, green grass gas scatters and disappears and the micro-dew of delicate fragrance in a large number;
(3) complete: adopt heavy caliber cylinder continuous de-enzyming machine to complete, leaf input end temperature 280 ~ 300 DEG C, leaf output end temperature 150 ~ 160 DEG C, throwing leaf amount 140 ~ 160KG/h, high temperature kills soon, requires to kill even killing, and holds food value of leaf softness slightly viscosity, tender stalk is rolled over and constantly mostly, blade is flat and do not roll up, and leaf is subduing, and green grass gas disappears and shows slightly delicate fragrance for appropriateness, water-removing leaves moisture content 61 ~ 63%, weight-loss ratio 14 ~ 16%;
(4) knead: water-removing leaves is taken advantage of after going out spreading-and-cooling machine still to have surplus heat and loaded kneading machine rub barrel and carry out heat and rub, take light-heavy-light, light pressure, rub in short-term, slowly, centre adds light pressure 2 ~ 3 times, not excessive for upper pressure limit with tea juice, avoid producing " decortication stalk " or " chalina ", omnidistance general 20 ~ 25min tea bar consolidation;
(5) base is shone: thin for the tealeaves kneaded stand is carried out the fermentation of daylight solarization base on thin bamboo strip pad, and thickness is about 5cm, and fermentation time is determined, general 2 ~ 3h according to leaf tenderness, temperature, air humidity and leaf-spreading thickness; Shine and stir once every 30min in base process, promote in goods uniform fermentation;
(6) gross fire: use automatic drier to carry out gross fire operation, temperature 130 ~ 140 DEG C, motor speed 450 ~ 500 revs/min, upper leaf thickness 1cm, lower machine 4 ~ 5 one-tenth mass dryness fractions, moisture content 30 ~ 35%;
(7) wet heap: shaken loose by the tea base after gross fire and directly successively pile up, keeps the temperature in tea heap to be no more than 42 DEG C, turns once every 1.5h, to reduce temperature in heap, increase oxygen concentration in heap, be beneficial to the wet heap process of all even acceleration of wet heap, all times is 6 ± 0.5h about;
(8) rub again: due to tea base after wet heap loosely, tight tea bar need be rubbed further; Rub time 8 ~ 10 points of kinds again, middle only need adding, once gently presses;
(9) dry: peace tea gross tea is not easily dry, length consuming time, the tea base after wet heap need carry out curing the rear foot that just reaches for three times and do state, and temperature is arranged successively decreases successively, and they are 130 DEG C, 110 DEG C, 90 DEG C respectively, motor speed 300 ~ 400 revs/min;
(10) screening, selection by winnowing, pick and pick with assorted: by sieving, selection by winnowing, pick that rejecting goes to obstruct, sheet, end and non-teas material, reach classification requirement; The flat circular knitting machine of dried gross tea sieves, and generally by 4,6,8,10 eye mesh screen configurations, be divided into 5 screen size tea, 4 order tea heads sieve feeding again with 6 and 8 mesh sieves after rolling cut, carry out assorted rear dew tea in the dew tea time by quality requirements;
(11) reveal tea: after the beginning of autumn, select fine day night, by tea booth on outdoor sun mat, thick about 10cm, opens a ditch every 20cm, and morning next day packs up, and has soft feeling for appropriateness to hold tealeaves, if still there is difficult to handle sense can reveal a night again; Forbid at haze weather dew tea;
(12) tea is steamed: use autocratic pot and stove, discharge water in pot, big fire is boiled, and food steamer is put by pot and pads tea napkin, stand tea is on cloth, and shroud decatize, every layer is once steamed 2.5 ~ 3min, will steam the taking-up of soft tea by one deck below, one deck moves the face of putting down above, then overlays one deck above, carries out in proper order;
(13) fill basket or compacting: steamed tealeaves should be done in the special thin bamboo strip basket of liner by loading indocalamus leaf while hot, compress compacting, the space structure of pine in tight outside formation, or loading brickmaking machine is pressed into setting shape while hot;
(14) foot fire: on drywall tool thin bamboo strip basket or brick tea are placed on specifically, cleaned, slow fire dries slowly, fiery temperature about 60 ± 2 DEG C, all times is 28 ± 2h about, and centre will check drying regime, especially inner mass dryness fraction, and pay close attention in dry run the change pacifying tea fragrance, dry weight-loss ratio is 9 ~ 13%.
In step (4), kneading machine rub barrel rotating speed is 40n/min.
Step (5) heats at the overcast and rainy withering trough that adopts, and also can air-conditioning or charcoal fire be utilized to heat fermentation in indoor.
Indicalamus leaf in step (13) must fresh without yellow to retain the delicate fragrance of the leaf of bamboo, first indicalamus leaf is classified, roomy leaf is used for the packaging of large gauge, narrow leaf is used for the packaging of small dimension, then cleans with clear water, and in packing material, indicalamus leaf must blade overlap be advisable not allow tealeaves expose, dress tea time action should be consummate fast, for keeping indicalamus leaf complete not cracked necessary once-forming, if the tealeaves not yet loaded is hardening, can pack after must heavily steaming.
The present invention according to the investigation to peace tea traditional handicraft, in conjunction with modern technologies to the research of peace tea biochemical with current market to the demand of pacifying tea, by a large amount of contrast tests, explore and pacify a whole set of process technology of tea.The present invention uses modern tea making theory to combine with traditional handicraft, has both maintained the traditional characteristics of peace tea, imparts again the fashion demand of modern peace tea.By above-mentioned technique, the peace tea of formation: profile consolidation is together even, color and luster is brown still to be moistened, and soup look orange is bright like beer, and flavour is mellow sweet refreshing smooth, gives off a strong fragrance high long, and blue or green at the bottom of leaf brownly completely have a little kermesinus stalk.
Detailed description of the invention
The technological means realized to make the present invention, creation characteristic, reaching object and effect is easy to understand, below by embodiment, setting forth the present invention further.
Pacify a processing technology for tea, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1, the selection of fresh leaf and process.According to the particular/special requirement (mesophyll plump, stalk sturdy) of peace tea to raw material, fresh leaf mainly picks up from tea garden management level and the good high mountainous tea district of ecological environment, temporarily by 4 ranks and one-level with two leaves and a bud and equal tenderness to folder Ye Weizhu, secondary based on bud three leaf, three grades based on bud three, four leaf, level Four based on bud four leaf, the time is from grain rains to mid-June; Rainy day does not adopt, and starts processing after Xian Yejin factory in indoor by conditioning stand to early morning on next day.
2, process technology
2.1 peace tea processing process: stand is blue or green
→complete → knead → shine base (fermentation) → gross fire → wet heap → rub → drying → screening, selection by winnowing again, pick pick with assorted → reveal tea → steaming tea → dress basket or compacting → foot is fiery.
2.2 stand are blue or green: the thick 10cm of stand leaf, indoor temperature keeps 25 ± 2 DEG C, relative air humidity 80 ± 2%, stir 2 ~ 3 night, dry weather answers replenishing water and preserving moisture, although the raw material thicker (two leaves and a bud ~ mono-bud four leaf) of processing peace tea, but because tender stalk proportion is many, fresh leaf moisture content is still higher general about 72%, pass through conditioning, long (heavily withering) about 10h ± 2 of withering slowly of withering, make to pay leaf moisture content processed and reach 67 ~ 68%, weight-loss ratio about 12%, blade atrophy deliquescing, upright shoot performance terminal bud lateral bending or sagging, green grass gas scatters and disappears and the micro-dew of delicate fragrance in a large number, this state is conducive to the carrying out of subsequent technique on the one hand, another aspect is by distributing the blue or green gas of a large amount of low boilings, the degraded of the macromolecular substances such as starch and protein and the biological oxidation of appropriateness are conducive to the formation (see table one) pacifying the peculiar quality of tea.
The blue or green time-triggered protocol in table one difference stand is on the impact of peace tea quality of oolong tea
。
2.3 complete: adopt 6CST-80 roller fixation machine to complete, leaf input end T280 ~ 300 DEG C, leaf output end T150 ~ 160 DEG C, throw leaf amount 140 ~ 160KG/h, high temperature kills soon, can hear the fried sound of leaf input end water-removing leaves at leaf output end, even killing is killed in requirement, hold food value of leaf softness slightly viscosity, tender stalk is rolled over mostly and constantly, blade is flat and do not roll up, leaf is subduing, green grass gas disappears and shows slightly delicate fragrance for appropriateness, water-removing leaves moisture content about 62%, weight-loss ratio about 15%.The technology that completes of peace tea is very different with green tea in grasp, is embodied in: 1. temperature is high, throws leaf amount greatly, heavily withers and gently kill; 2. complete suitable degree difference, and odor type, feel, color sensation are inconsistent; 3. water-removing leaves moisture content difference about 5%, weight-loss ratio difference about 25%; 4., in peace tea production history, heavy caliber cylinder continuous de-enzyming machine still belongs to the first time application.Difference completes the impact experiment of degree on peace tea quality in table two.
Table two difference completes degree to the impact pacifying tea endoplasm
。
2.4 knead: employing 6CR-45,55 type machines are kneaded, water-removing leaves is taken advantage of after going out spreading-and-cooling machine still to have surplus heat and is loaded rub barrel and carry out heat and rub, take light-heavy-light, light pressure, rub the technical measures of (rub barrel rotating speed 40n/min is advisable) in short-term, slowly, centre adds light pressure 2 ~ 3 times, not excessive for upper pressure limit with tea juice, avoid producing " decortication stalk " or " chalina ", omnidistance general 20 ~ 25min tea bar consolidation.
2.5 shine base: thin for the tealeaves kneaded stand is carried out the fermentation of daylight solarization base on thin bamboo strip pad, thickness is about 5cm, the overcast and rainy withering trough that adopts heats, also can air-conditioning or charcoal fire be utilized to heat fermentation in indoor, fermentation time is determined according to leaf tenderness and climate condition, general 2 ~ 3h, time length is relevant with raw material tenderness, temperature, air humidity and leaf-spreading thickness, object allows knead leaf and fully contact with air, promote carrying out smoothly of non-enzymatic oxidation, to promote flavour and Tang Se, distribute blue or green gas further simultaneously, be conducive to the formation pacifying tea perfume (or spice).Shine and stir once every 30min in base process, promote in goods uniform fermentation.
2.6 gross fires: use 6CH-10 type automatic drier to carry out gross fire operation, temperature 130 ~ 140 DEG C, motor speed 450 ~ 500 revs/min, upper leaf thickness 1cm, lower machine 4 ~ 5 one-tenth mass dryness fractions, moisture content 30 ~ 35%.The object of gross fire mainly prevents residual enzymic activities further, distributes lower boiling volatile materials, improves the concentration of the high boiling substances such as terpenes, ensures the wool fabric of peace tea, and remove portion moisture is in order to subsequent technique operation simultaneously.
2.7 wet heaps: wet heap is the characteristic technique forming peace tea are the critical processes determining its quality, object promotes that non-enzymatic is oxidized further, make TR/TF value between 4 ~ 5, strengthen starch further simultaneously, protein, the hydrolysis of the materials such as lipid and the degraded of GCG acacatechin, the condensation of amino acid and glucosides, TR, the formation of TF two class material, promote the alcoholic degree of millet paste, fresh refreshing degree and colourity, also be conducive to pacifying the formation of tea fragrance especially " Chen Xiang ", tea base after gross fire is shaken loose and directly successively piles up, keep the temperature (being up to 42 DEG C) in tea heap, turn once every 1.5h, to reduce temperature in heap, increase oxygen concentration in heap, be beneficial to the wet heap process of all even acceleration of wet heap, all times is 6 ± 0.5h about, contrast experiment is in table three, the concrete time answers combining environmental temperature, humidity, complete and knead degree and gross fire leaf moisture content etc. and determine, receiving guest with tea the aromatic strongly fragrant dew sweet taste that assails the nostrils can be dry.
The difference of table three wet heap time is on the impact of peace tea quality
。
2.8 rub again: due to tea base after wet heap loosely, tight tea bar need be rubbed further; Rub time 8 ~ 10 points of kinds again, middle only need adding, once gently presses.
2.9 is dry: peace tea gross tea is not easily dry, length consuming time, and the tea base after wet heap need carry out curing the rear foot that just reaches for three times and do state, temperature is arranged successively decreases successively, they are 130 DEG C, 110 DEG C, 90 DEG C respectively, motor speed 300 ~ 400 revs/min, are conducive to the formation pacifying tea fragrance and flavour like this.
2.10 screenings, selection by winnowing, pick and pick with assorted: by sieving, selection by winnowing, pick that rejecting goes to obstruct, sheet, end and non-teas material, reach classification requirement.The flat circular knitting machine of gross tea sieves, and generally by 4,6,8,10 eye mesh screen configurations, be divided into 5 screen size tea, 4 order tea heads sieve feeding again with 6 and 8 mesh sieves after rolling cut, carry out assorted rear dew tea in the dew tea time by quality requirements.
2.11 dew tea: after the beginning of autumn, select fine day night, by tea booth on outdoor sun mat, thick about 10cm, opens a ditch every 20cm, and morning next day packs up, and has soft feeling for appropriateness to hold tealeaves, if still there is difficult to handle sense can reveal a night again; Forbid at haze weather dew tea.
2.12 steam tea: use autocratic pot and stove, discharge water in pot, big fire is boiled, and food steamer is put by pot and pads tea napkin, stand tea is on cloth, and shroud decatize, every layer is once steamed 2.5 ~ 3min, will steam the taking-up of soft tea by one deck below, one deck moves the face of putting down above, then overlays one deck above, carries out in proper order.
2.13 dress basket or compactings: steamed tealeaves should be done in the special thin bamboo strip basket of liner by loading indocalamus leaf while hot, compress compacting, the space structure of pine in tight outside being formed, indicalamus leaf must fresh without yellow to retain the delicate fragrance of the leaf of bamboo, first indicalamus leaf is classified, roomy leaf is used for the packaging of large gauge, narrow leaf is used for the packaging of small dimension, clean with clear water again, in packing material, indicalamus leaf must blade overlap be advisable not allow tealeaves expose, dress tea time action should be consummate fast, for keeping indicalamus leaf complete not cracked necessary once-forming, if the tealeaves not yet loaded is hardening, can pack after must heavily steaming, general and device resource artificial by reasonable disposition and avoid heavily steaming in production, or loading brickmaking machine is pressed into setting shape while hot.
2.14 foot fire: on drywall tool thin bamboo strip basket or brick tea are placed on specifically, cleaned, slow fire dries slowly, fiery temperature about 60 ± 2 DEG C, and all times is 28 ± 2h about, and centre will check drying regime, especially inner mass dryness fraction, and pays close attention in dry run the change pacifying tea fragrance.Dry weight-loss ratio is in about 11% (be shown in table four).
Table four is pacified in tea process and is steamed tea and drying process weight change
。
By above-mentioned technique, the peace tea of formation: profile consolidation is together even, color and luster is brown still to be moistened, and soup look orange is bright like beer, and flavour is mellow sweet refreshing smooth, gives off a strong fragrance high long, and blue or green at the bottom of leaf brownly completely have a little kermesinus stalk.
The present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and description just illustrates principle of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection domain is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.