CN103749237B - A kind of planting type recovering discarded banana garden plantation banana - Google Patents
A kind of planting type recovering discarded banana garden plantation banana Download PDFInfo
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- CN103749237B CN103749237B CN201410017748.2A CN201410017748A CN103749237B CN 103749237 B CN103749237 B CN 103749237B CN 201410017748 A CN201410017748 A CN 201410017748A CN 103749237 B CN103749237 B CN 103749237B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of planting type recovering discarded banana garden plantation banana, comprise the steps: discarded banana garden banana acrial part to clean out, banana under ground portion is ploughed and is buried, and turns evenly; Wherein, described discarded banana garden is the plot that the banana blight incidence of disease is greater than 35%; Pineapple is made in plantation one, conveniently measure management pineapple; After pineapple maturation, pineapple of gathering, other residual body is ploughed and is buried, and turns evenly; Plantation banana, conveniently measure management banana.Pineapple cultivation is simple to operate, is suitable for establishing in large scale, good in economic efficiency.In pineapple cultivation process, effectively can suppress the quantity of pathogen, induce antagonistic ability pseudomonad quantity, improvement soil microflora.After the residual body of pineapple turns and buries, effectively can suppress the growth of pathogen mycelia and the sprouting of spore, thus control the outburst of pathogen further, effectively can reduce the incidence of disease of banana blight.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of agricultural cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of planting type recovering discarded banana garden plantation banana.
Background technology
In recent years, the banana blight that causes is infected (also known as banana yellowtop by Fusarium oxysporum Cuba specialized form Fusariumoxysporumf.sp.cubense (FOC), Panama wilt disease), at south China rapid spread, seriously hinder the sound development of modern banana industry, make the production of banana be faced with stern challenge.This disease spread approach is extensive, and by the Medium Propagation such as water, soil, China part Jiao Yuan has suffered to ruin garden and hit.Due to the restriction of weather conditions, the arable area that banana can be planted by China is originally just little, if or else take effectively preventing measure, China's banana industry will face severe situation.
Once there is the banana garden of banana blight, its soil just can not continue to plant banana, often just becomes discarded banana garden.This just causes the waste of great land resources and economic loss.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of planting type recovering discarded banana garden plantation banana, the plot of 35% is greater than for the banana blight incidence of disease, carry out making pineapple cultivation, plant banana more afterwards, enable these banana garden soil under the prerequisite not reducing economic benefit, revert to rapidly the state can planting banana.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions:
Recover a planting type for discarded banana garden plantation banana, comprise the steps:
Step one, cleaned out by discarded banana garden banana acrial part, banana under ground portion is ploughed and is buried, and turns evenly;
Wherein, described discarded banana garden is the plot that the banana blight incidence of disease is greater than 35%;
Step 2, plantation one make pineapple, conveniently measure management pineapple; After pineapple maturation, pineapple of gathering, other residual body is ploughed and is buried, and turns evenly;
Step 3, plantation banana, conveniently measure management banana.
The kind of pineapple described in step 2 is perfume pineapple or golden pineapple.
The kind of banana described in step 3 is No. 1, agriculture section, platform any of several broadleaf plants No. 2, anti-withered No. 5 or Brazilian any of several broadleaf plants.
Long-term research shows, the key issue of banana continuous cropping obstacle is not nutrient dificiency or imbalance, and main cause is that the banana soil biography fusarium wilt that Fusarium oxysporum Cuba transformant No. 4 biological strains cause causes.Therefore, the present invention's Fusarium oxysporum quantity from reduction soil is set about, and by long-term observation, compares after the common different crop rotation systems crop rotations in Hainan,
The incidence of disease of rear stubble banana, finally develops a kind of banana planting that recovers and discards in soil the high economic benefit rotation system of planting banana, and effectively can reduce the quantity of pathogen in soil and suppress the generation of banana blight, its inhibiting rate reaches more than 60%.During pineapple cultivation, pineapple rhizosphere secretion to the sprouting effect of Pathogen Causing Banana Fusarium Wilt spore significantly lower than banana, its quantity of useful microbe that pseudomonad class in soil can be induced to have the effect of suppression pathogen increases simultaneously, thus can reduce the quantity of pathogen in soil; During banana planting, because the residual body of pineapple turned into soil has the effect suppressing pathogen spore germination and mycelial growth, thus control the increase of the quantity of pathogen further, finally play the effect suppressing banana blight to occur.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) pineapple cultivation is simple to operate, is suitable for establishing in large scale, good in economic efficiency.
(2) in pineapple cultivation process, effectively can suppress the quantity of pathogen, induce antagonistic ability pseudomonad quantity, improvement soil microflora.
(3) after the residual body of pineapple turns and buries, effectively can suppress the growth of pathogen mycelia and the sprouting of spore, thus control the outburst of pathogen further, effectively can reduce the incidence of disease of banana blight.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the stubble banana banana blight incidence of disease under embodiment 1 three kinds of planting types;
Note: b1, b2 and b3, banana continuous cropping; P1, p2 and p3, pineapple-banana crop rotation; M1, m2, m3 and m4, corn-banana crop rotation
Fig. 2 is pathogen quantity in soil when flower bud taken out by stubble banana under embodiment 1 three kinds of planting types;
Note: b1, b2 and b3, banana continuous cropping; P1, p2 and p3, pineapple-banana crop rotation; M1, m2, m3 and m4, corn-banana crop rotation
Fig. 3 is tool antagonistic ability pathogen quantity in soil when flower bud taken out by stubble banana under embodiment 1 three kinds of planting types;
Fig. 4 is that embodiment 1 pineapple, corn and banana root rhizosphere secreta are on the impact of pathogen spore germination;
Fig. 5 is that the residual body leaching liquor of embodiment 1 pineapple, corn and banana is on the impact of pathogen spore germination;
Fig. 6 is that the residual body leaching liquor of embodiment 1 pineapple, corn and banana is on the impact of pathogen mycelial growth.
Embodiment
Recover a planting type for discarded banana garden plantation banana, comprise the steps:
Step one, cleaned out by discarded banana garden banana acrial part, banana under ground portion is ploughed and is buried, and turns evenly;
Wherein, described discarded banana garden is the plot that the banana blight incidence of disease is greater than 35%;
Step 2, plantation one make (2 years) pineapple, conveniently measure management pineapple; After pineapple maturation, pineapple of gathering, other residual body is ploughed and is buried, and turns evenly; The kind of described pineapple is perfume pineapple or golden pineapple.
Step 3, plantation banana, conveniently measure management banana; The kind of described banana is No. 1, agriculture section, platform any of several broadleaf plants No. 2, anti-withered No. 5 or Brazilian any of several broadleaf plants.
Embodiment 1
1, field mode of operation
The banana planting that the present embodiment the adopts discarded ground banana blight incidence of disease is about 50%.
The present embodiment adopts 3 kinds of planting types, plants banana again, i.e. banana continuous cropping, pineapple-banana crop rotation, corn-banana crop rotation after being respectively banana planting discarded ground continuous cropping banana, crop rotation pineapple, crop rotation corn.
Pineapple-banana crop rotation: remove banana acrial part, utilize rotovator all to be smashed by residual for underground part body, plough and bury, operation twice, then turns evenly, plants pineapple more afterwards.During plantation pineapple, utilize machine to ditch, ditch depth 40 ~ 50cm, then field planting, pineapple average growth density 3000 plants/acre, scope is at 2800 plants/acre ~ 3200 plants/acre.Deep ploughing shallow sowing, adopt wide-and narrow-row Root growth, field planting pineapple first 15 days liming 50kg/ mu, 50kg composite fertilizer used by every mu, pineapple base fertilizer, 50kg phosphate fertilizer, 200kg fertilizer, and all the other time fertilizer adopt water-fertilizer integral fertilizer application mode.Pineapple goes back to residual for pineapple body stubble-cleaning to field, subsoiling 80cm after gathering, and field planting banana first 10 days liming 50kg/ mu, 50kg superphosphate used by every mu, banana base fertilizer, 200kg high-quality biological organic fertilizer, all the other Routine Managements.
Corn-banana crop rotation: remove banana acrial part, utilize rotovator all to be smashed by residual for underground part body, plough and bury, operation twice, then turns evenly, afterwards maize planting again.Corn planting manages measure routinely to carry out.Corn goes back to Corn residues stubble-cleaning to field after gathering, subsoiling 80cm, and field planting banana first 10 days liming 50kg/ mu, 50kg superphosphate used by every mu, banana base fertilizer, 200kg high-quality biological organic fertilizer, all the other Routine Managements.
Banana continuous cropping: remove banana acrial part, utilize rotovator all to be smashed by residual for underground part body, plough and bury, operation twice, then turns evenly, plants banana more afterwards.Field planting banana first 10 days liming 50kg/ mu, 50kg superphosphate used by every mu, banana base fertilizer, 200kg high-quality biological organic fertilizer, all the other Routine Managements.After banana is gathered, remove banana acrial part, utilize rotovator all to be smashed by residual for underground part body, plough and bury, then turn evenly, plant banana more afterwards.
2, three kinds of planting types discard the impact of the soil upper and lower stubble banana incidence of disease on banana planting
On the discarded ground of banana planting, part soil selects continuous cropping banana, part crop rotation corn, part crop rotation pineapple.After corn (m1, m2, m3 and m4) and pineapple (p1, p2 and p3) crop rotation, the stubble banana blight incidence of disease and banana continuous cropping (b1, b2 and b3) soil plant the banana blight incidence of disease of banana as shown in Figure 1 down.With replant banana after banana continuous cropping and Corn Rotation System and compare, pineapple crop rotation significantly can reduce the incidence of disease of lower stubble banana, and the incidence of disease is equal to or lower than 21%; Plant the banana incidence of disease in banana continuous cropping soil all higher than 50%, serious plot is even higher than 60%, and the control effect of pineapple crop rotation is more than 60%; And after another kind of rotation crop Corn Rotation System, fail effectively to reduce the incidence of disease, the part plot incidence of disease is even higher than banana continuous cropping plot.Show, pineapple crop rotation effectively can reduce the banana blight incidence of disease of lower stubble banana.
3, three kinds of planting types are on the impact of soil surface characters quantity
Method: adopt Fusarium oxysporum obligate Selective agar medium (sodium tetraborate 1g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 1g, potassium chloride 0.5g, magnesium sulfate 0.5g, NaFeEDTA receives salt 0.01g, D-galactose 20g, L-asparagine 2g, agar 15g, pcnb (PCNB) (75%) 1g, bovine bile 0.5g, streptomycin sulphate 0.3g, distilled water 1000mL, with 10% hydrochloric acid or 10% sodium hydroxide adjusted to ph to 3.8 ~ 4.0), the method of the dilution spread under 10 times of gradients, cultivates counting after 72 hours at 28 DEG C.
After corn (m1, m2, m3 and m4) and pineapple (p1, p2 and p3) crop rotation, lower stubble banana is taken out pathogen quantity and banana continuous cropping (b1, b2 and b3) soil in flower bud phase rhizosphere soil and is planted banana and to take out in flower bud phase rhizosphere soil pathogen quantity as shown in Figure 2.Compare with Corn Rotation System with banana continuous cropping, pineapple crop rotation significantly can reduce the quantity of pathogen in lower stubble banana rhizosphere soil.
4, three kinds of planting types are on the impact of soil tool typical opponent functional microorganism quantity
Method: the method adopting dull and stereotyped face-off.With selective medium respectively to pseudomonas, bacillus and actinomycetes carry out dilution spread, and the strain of often kind of random picking 104 is inoculated on Fusarium oxysporum medium, 28 DEG C, cultivate 72 hours.Respectively to there being the bacterial strain number of antagonistic effect to add up.
After corn (m1, m2, m3 and m4) and pineapple (p1, p2 and p3) crop rotation, lower stubble banana is taken out in flower bud phase rhizosphere soil and is had the pseudomonad of antagonistic ability (Pseudomonas), bacillus (Bacillus) and actinomycetes (Actinomycetes) quantity and banana continuous cropping (b1, b2 and b3) soil to plant banana to take out in flower bud phase rhizosphere soil corresponding function micro organism quantity as shown in Figure 3.Compare with Corn Rotation System with banana continuous cropping, pineapple crop rotation can significantly increase in rhizosphere soil the quantity having antagonistic ability pseudomonad.There is antagonistic ability bacillus and Population of Actinomycetes, there was no significant difference between each process.
5, three Plants (pineapple, corn, banana) secretion is on the impact of pathogen spore germination
Method: the collection of root exudates: adopt the method that live body is collected, plant is taken out from soil, after tap water root system 5 times, deionized water rinsing 5 times, put it in the plastic cup filling 300mL deionized water and cultivate 24h, the solution containing root secretion is in this plastic cup, merge after collecting liquid and filter (filter sizes: 0.45 μm, size: Φ 25mm) at a slow speed, filtrate freeze drying is to dry.Then respectively the pineapple plant root that all participation root secretions are collected is dried and weigh, lyophilized products is dissolved respectively by appropriate amount of deionized water, be settled to every milliliter of root secretion mother liquor be one gram of dry weight root system secretion form (namely the dry root of 1g secretes every mL) ,-20 DEG C save backup.
On the impact of spore germination as shown in Figure 4, compared to the root rhizosphere secreta of banana and corn, the promotion ability of pineapple rhizosphere secretion to pathogen spore germination significantly declines for corn, pineapple and banana root rhizosphere secreta.
6, three Plants (pineapple, corn, banana) residual body is on the impact of pathogen spore germination
Method: the preparation of residual body leaching liquor mother liquor: Fresh Plants sample is carried out dry, grind process, according to plant residue: deionized water is the ratio lixiviate 48 hours of 1:5, obtains leaching liquor mother liquor after aseptic suction filtration.Spore germination experimental technique is the same.
On the impact of spore germination as shown in Figure 5, corn field top and banana each position leaching liquor have facilitation to pathogen spore germination, but pineapple each position leaching liquor is all inhibited to pathogen spore germination at the residual body of corn, pineapple and banana each position.
7, three Plants (pineapple, corn, banana) residual body is on the impact of pathogen mycelial growth
Method: be down flat plate according to residual body leaching liquor and the different volumes ratio (1:10,1:100,1:1000) of water agar.The card punch of pathogen bacterium cake diameter 0.8cm is beaten and is got that growth is consistent, medium consistency of thickness etc. age Fusarium oxysporum pure culture biscuits involvng inoculation to the plate center prepared, cultivate 7d for 28 DEG C, measure colony diameter when 72h and 112h along dull and stereotyped radial 3 different directions.Mycelial growth contributive rate (%)=(process colony diameter-contrast colony diameter)/(contrast colony diameter-0.8cm) × 100.
Leaching liquor concentration is 10%, during 72h and 112h, banana overground part and underground part all have facilitation to growth of pathogenic bacteria, and pineapple ground, underground and pineapple sarcocarp all have inhibitory action to the growth of pathogen, on the corn field of 112 hours and under the corn field of 72 hours, all there is facilitation (Fig. 6 I and II) to growth of pathogenic bacteria.Leaching liquor concentration is 1% and 0.1%, during 72h, banana overground part and underground part and 112h banana overground part all have facilitation to growth of pathogenic bacteria, and pineapple was except 72 hours pineapple overground parts, all the other time pineapple grounds, underground and pineapple sarcocarp all have inhibitory action to the growth of pathogen, have facilitation (Fig. 6 III, IV, VI and V) under the corn field of 72 hours to growth of pathogenic bacteria.
After (2 years) pineapple is made in discarded banana plantation (banana blight more than incidence of disease >35%) crop rotation 1, effectively can reduce the quantity of pathogen in soil and suppress the generation of banana blight, its inhibiting rate reaches more than 60%, namely with the discarded Jiao Yuan not having crop rotation pineapple, the banana incidence of disease is more than 50%, the serious plot incidence of disease is greater than 60%, and the banana incidence of disease about 20% after crop rotation; Indoor culture assays shows that the residual body ground of pineapple, underground and fruit leaching liquor effectively can suppress mycelial growth and the spore germination of pathogen, and pineapple rhizosphere secretion is also remarkable in banana to the facilitation of spore germination simultaneously; Economic and Efficiency Analysis shows, pineapple crop rotation significantly can increase economic benefit simultaneously.
Claims (3)
1. recover a planting type for discarded banana garden plantation banana, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step one, cleaned out by discarded banana garden banana acrial part, banana under ground portion is ploughed and is buried, and turns evenly; Wherein, described discarded banana garden is the plot that the banana blight incidence of disease is greater than 35%;
Step 2, plantation one make pineapple, conveniently measure management pineapple; After pineapple maturation, pineapple of gathering, other residual body is ploughed and is buried, and turns evenly;
Step 3, plantation banana, conveniently measure management banana.
2. the planting type of banana garden plantation banana is discarded in recovery according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that, the kind of pineapple described in step 2 is perfume pineapple or golden pineapple.
3. the planting type of banana garden plantation banana is discarded in recovery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the kind of banana described in step 3 is No. 1, agriculture section, platform any of several broadleaf plants No. 2, anti-withered No. 5 or Brazilian any of several broadleaf plants.
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| CN104041374B (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2015-11-18 | 苏州市相城区明达复合材料厂 | The implantation methods of a kind of bajiao banana |
| CN104584970B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2017-01-18 | 广州市农业科学研究院 | Banana variety agricultural science No.1 cultivating method |
| CN104623705A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-05-20 | 南京师范大学 | Quick sterilization method of banana wilt soil-borne pathogenic bacteria |
| CN104982208B (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2017-09-29 | 罗杰芝 | A kind of cellular-type banana planting method |
| CN106105703A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-16 | 潜山县有余瓜蒌开发有限责任公司 | A kind of method utilizing discarded Fructus Trichosanthis planting site cultivation Fructus Trichosanthis |
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