CN1037452A - 人造关节，特别是一种人造膝关节 - Google Patents

人造关节，特别是一种人造膝关节 Download PDF

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CN1037452A
CN1037452A CN89100405A CN89100405A CN1037452A CN 1037452 A CN1037452 A CN 1037452A CN 89100405 A CN89100405 A CN 89100405A CN 89100405 A CN89100405 A CN 89100405A CN 1037452 A CN1037452 A CN 1037452A
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joint
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菲利波·乌戈利尼
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Salus Srl
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
    • A61F2/3836—Special connection between upper and lower leg, e.g. constrained
    • A61F2/384—Special connection between upper and lower leg, e.g. constrained hinged, i.e. with transverse axle restricting the movement
    • A61F2/3845—Special connection between upper and lower leg, e.g. constrained hinged, i.e. with transverse axle restricting the movement allowing only for single rotation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J3/00—Manipulators of master-slave type, i.e. both controlling unit and controlled unit perform corresponding spatial movements
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30383—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by laterally inserting a protrusion, e.g. a rib into a complementarily-shaped groove
    • A61F2002/30387—Dovetail connection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
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    • A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30476—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism
    • A61F2002/30492—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism using a locking pin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30476—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism
    • A61F2002/30495—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism using a locking ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30476—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism
    • A61F2002/30507—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism using a threaded locking member, e.g. a locking screw or a set screw
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30621—Features concerning the anatomical functioning or articulation of the prosthetic joint
    • A61F2002/30639—Features concerning the anatomical functioning or articulation of the prosthetic joint having rolling elements between both articulating surfaces
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements

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Abstract

一种人工关节，尤其象一种膝关节，包括可以插 入大腿骨腔的第一杆；与所述第一杆在其插入骨腔端 的相反端连接的第一铰链部件；可以插入胫骨骨腔的 第二杆；与所述第二杆在其插入骨腔端的相反端连接 的第二铰链部件；所述二个铰链部件之间的铰链接合 通过轴承得到，且所述二个铰链部件是这样成型，即 第一杆—第一铰链部件组的垂直轴和第二杆—第二 铰链部件组的垂直轴平行于按步行方向相对于第一 杆向前移动第二杆。

Description

本发明涉及一种人造关节，尤其是涉及一种适合于代替天然膝关节的膝关节，这样可以实现膝关节与大腿骨和胫骨的刚性连接，且可达到具有天然膝关节活动的最佳再生状态。
众所周知，在所有的情况下，例如象爬坡、下楼或下坡和类似情况、或仅仅是步行，由于象膝那样灵敏和复杂的关节的存在而能进行正确的步行运动。
当因为一些不同的原因使膝关节不能再进行其原来的动作时，必须通过外科手术替换膝关节。
目前可得到的和通常采用的假体并不总是适合于令人满意地再生天然关节的功能，尤其是由于机械装置产生的摩擦使正确的步行运动变得很劳累。
并且，目前可用的假体几乎总是需要一些假体本身的外科手术的适应性。
确实，直到现在实现的假体在外科手术时通过实现铰链的组合而安装在适当部位上，且杆的功能、垫层的功能和铰链本身的功能互相结合，这很少有可能或没有可能调节一些手术中可能发现的特殊需要的尺寸，而这些尺寸不同于手术前在诊断和设计手术本身时所预知的尺寸。
从出于已知假体的实施例的实际困难来看，为了避免其弊端，申请人已设计和实施一具有机械和功能构造的人造膝关节，使人造关节和天然关节获得的功能相同，为了按实际外科要求的尺寸和类型有可能实施最合适的假体术，此人造关节的部件是按照标准形式制造的，所述的要求正是在进行手术时所决定的。
并且，根据本专利申请提出的由机械部件构成的人工关节不受到机械部件之间的显著的摩擦力影响，这样在作步行运动时不会出现困难。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种可以合适地调整位置的人工关节，而与已截肢病人的大腿骨和胫骨的状态无关。
发明人提出的解决方法是实施一种与大腿骨和胫骨刚性相连的关节，以致使这两部分的弯曲铰链可通过一个120°左右的弧度且可能有一小的负角度而获得的。
这些结果通过由二个铰链部件组成的人工关节的实现而获得，铰链部件由二个滚动轴承连接且分别与大腿骨和胫骨固定成整体。为恢复腿的原有长度，可放置或不放置一些间隔部件。
因此，本发明的人工关节尤其是膝关节的特殊目的，是包括一插入大腿骨腔的第一杆;一与所述第一杆在其插入骨腔端的相反端相连的第一铰链部件;一插入胫骨骨腔的第二杆;一与所述第二杆在其插入骨腔端的相反端相连的第二铰链部件;在所述两个铰链部件之间通过至少一个轴承获得的人工接合。所述两个铰链部件可以是这样形成的，即按步伐方向第一杆-第一铰链部件组的垂直轴和第二杆-第二铰链部件组的垂直轴平行于相对于第一杆向前移动的第二杆。
在各个骨腔中插入且胶接或不胶接的、或由螺钉固定的两根杆是定形的和/或隆起的，以便获得两根杆与骨的简便且牢固的接合。
每个杆和各自的铰链部件之间的接合可以是固定的或可拆卸的。
在后一情况下，至少有一个间隔部件配置于杆和铰链部件之间。这种间隔垫层依据需要具有各种高度，且根据外科部分切除手术的程度使关节正确定位。
机械装置用于将杆连接到间隔部件或铰链部件或反之亦然，所述装置最好是用于两连接端的一个锁紧套或例如象燕尾接合一样的带机械锁紧装置的一个接合。
另外，一些间隔垫片可设置于每个杆上以代替所述的间隔部件。
所述机械锁紧装置可以由能够具有螺纹的且自锁定的榫钉构成;或在圆柱形部件情况下，这装置可以由一自锁螺纹卡坊蛞坏曰纷槌伞?
为两铰链部件之间接合而采用的轴承最好是自润滑滚动型轴承，而且是成对供应。
为了可以替换轴承或其他机械零件，两铰链部件之间的接合也可以这样实施，即它是可拆卸的和由盖装置所锁定的，这些盖装置是安装在所述轴承上且由销钉装置或类似固定就位的。
下面将结合附图揭示本发明，这只是说明本发明而不是对本发明的限制，其中：
图1是本发明关节的特定实施例的侧剖视图;
图2是图1中关节的正剖视图;
图3是关节的杆和垫层或铰链之间的固定系统的第一个实施例的正视图;
图4是关节的杆和垫层或铰链之间的固定系统的第二个实施例的正视图;
图5是关节的杆和垫层或铰链之间的固定系统的第三个实施例的正视图;
图6是关节的杆和垫层或铰链之间的固定系统的第四个实施例的正视图;
图7是关节的杆和垫层或铰链之间的固定系统的第五个实施例的正视图;
现参见图1和2，标记1指出插入大腿骨中心骨腔中的大腿杆，而标记2指出插入胫骨中心骨腔中的胫杆。
标记3指出与杆1成整体的铰链部件，而杆2与铰链部件4接合成整体。
两铰链部件3和4这样实现的，即通过滚动轴承5的插入而彼此之间相对转动。
根据现有的特别情况，垫层6和7可以配置于杆1和铰链部件3之间，以及在杆2和铰链部件4之间。
杆1或2和垫层6或7之间以及垫层6或7和铰链部件3或4之间的接合是通过燕尾接合而获得的，燕尾接合将在下面结合图3至7更详细地说明。
为了使外科医生进行较简便的假体安装，由杆1-（可能）垫层6-铰链3和杆2-（可能）垫层7-铰链4组成的二套组件可以分别装配，然后可将它们接合且通过用销钉（没有画出）保持锁定的二个盖8和9以连接此二套组件。
尽管这样也能够使安装好的关节更换一个或两个滚动轴承;在必须的情况下，或者更换任何其他零件。
尤其如图1所显示的，杆1-垫层6-铰链3组件的轴和杆2-垫层7-铰链4组件的轴是平行的，但它们是不成一直线，按病人步伐方向第二轴可相对于第一轴向前移动，这种当全部体重压迫在关节上时可以获得系统的绝对稳定性。
图3至7显示一些杆1或2和垫层6或7或铰链部件3或4之间接合的一些实施例。无论怎样，显然本发明的关节即使没有任何垫层的插入而通过使杆1和铰链部件3以及杆2和铰链部件4互相成整体的连接也可以实施。
图3至7是相对于杆1或2和铰链部件3或4之间的接合而给出的，但可以了解到垫层6或7和杆1或2或铰链3或4之间的同样接合是能实现的。
图3显示一带有由燕尾接合10-11组成的机械导向件的接合，燕尾接合由锁紧榫钉12锁定;而图4所示的接合是通过将杆1的端部13插入设置在铰链部件3上的腔14而得到的，此铰链部件由套15锁定。
图5所示的燕尾接合（凸件16-凹件17）由自锁螺纹榫钉18锁住;而图6所示的同样接合（部件16′和17′）通过采用螺纹套环19而锁定，这种接合只有在圆柱形接合的情况下才能采用。
用于锁定图7中的部件16″和17″的弹性环20也可以方便地使用。
使用这种形式以解决接合问题，可配置或不配置垫层6和7;在很少必要的情况下，不取下杆1和2而完全更换原有的关节是可能的。
根据相同的一些最佳实施例已经揭示了本发明，这只是说明本发明而不是对本发明的限制，但应该理解，本领域的技术人员同样可对其作改进和/或变化，这都不脱离权利要求的发明精神和范围。

Claims (19)

1、一种人造关节，尤其是一种人造膝关节，其特征在于，它包括一插入大腿骨腔的第一杆；一与所述第一杆在其插入骨腔端的相反端连接的第一铰链部件；一插入胫骨骨腔的第二杆；一与所述第二杆在其插入骨腔端的相反端连接的第二铰链部件；所述通过至少一个轴承实现的二个铰链部件之间的铰链接合。
2、根据权利要求1所述的人工关节，其特征在于，所述二根杆成形和/或隆起。
3、根据权利要求1所述的人工关节，其特征在于，所述杆和相应的铰链部件之间的接合是属于固定形式。
4、根据权利要求1所述的人工关节，其特征在于，所述杆和相应的铰链部件的耦合是可拆卸形式。
5、根据权利要求4所述的人工关节，其特征在于，在所述杆和相应的铰链部件之间配装一间隔部件。
6、根据权利要求4或5所述的人工关节，其特征在于，所述杆和间隔部件之间或杆和铰链部件之间或铰链部件和间隔部件之间的接合通过机械装置而实现。
7、根据权利要求6所述的人工关节，其特征在于，所述机械装置由锁定套组成。
8、根据权利要求6所述的人工关节，其特征在于，所述机械装置由一凹一凸型接合构成。
9、根据权利要求8所述的人工关节，其特征在于，所述接合由二个燕尾形部件构成。
10、根据权利要求8或9所述的人工关节，其特征在于，机械装置配置所述接合的锁定。
11、根据权利要求10所述的人工关节，其特征在于，所述锁定机械装置由榫钉组成。
12、根据权利要求11所述的人工关节，其特征在于，所述榫钉是自锁螺纹型的。
13、根据权利要求10所述的人工关节，其特征在于，所述锁定机械装置由自锁螺纹卡环组成。
14、根据权利要求10所述的人工关节，其特征在于，所述锁定机械装置由弹性环构成。
15、根据权利要求1所述的人工关节，其特征在于，所述轴承是滚动型和自润滑的。
16、根据权利要求1或15所述的人工关节，其特征在于，配备二个轴承。
17、根据前述权利要求的任一所述的人工关节，其特征在于，二个铰链部件是这样定形的，第一杆-第一铰链部件组的垂直轴和第二杆-第二铰链部件组的垂直轴是平行的，但按病人步伐方向第二轴相对于第一轴是向前移动的。
18、根据权利要求1所述的人工关节，其特征在于，在所述杆上配置一些间隔垫片。
19、根据前述权利要求的任一所述的人工关节，其特征在于，二个铰链部件之间的接合是属于可拆卸型的，锁定是通过盖装置实现的，盖装置是侧向安装在所述轴承上且由销钉装置或类似的保持固定。
CN89100405A 1988-01-22 1989-01-21 人造关节，特别是一种人造膝关节 Pending CN1037452A (zh)

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CN109276354A (zh) * 2017-07-20 2019-01-29 嘉思特华剑医疗器材(天津)有限公司 可旋转轴向限制型铰链膝关节组件

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IT8847565A0 (it) 1988-06-22
US4923472A (en) 1990-05-08
JPH0271737A (ja) 1990-03-12
ATE90191T1 (de) 1993-06-15
IL88973A (en) 1991-07-18
DE68906901D1 (de) 1993-07-15
IT1219818B (it) 1990-05-24
EP0325566B1 (en) 1993-06-09
DE68906901T2 (de) 1993-12-23
EP0325566A3 (en) 1990-01-10
EP0325566A2 (en) 1989-07-26
KR890011575A (ko) 1989-08-21
IL88973A0 (en) 1989-08-15

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