CN103744211A - 彩色液晶显示面板 - Google Patents

彩色液晶显示面板 Download PDF

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CN103744211A
CN103744211A CN201310626199.4A CN201310626199A CN103744211A CN 103744211 A CN103744211 A CN 103744211A CN 201310626199 A CN201310626199 A CN 201310626199A CN 103744211 A CN103744211 A CN 103744211A
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liquid crystal
dichroic dye
base plate
molecule
display panel
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CN103744211B (zh
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钟新辉
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TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to US14/236,709 priority patent/US9395579B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2013/088360 priority patent/WO2015078027A1/zh
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Abstract

本发明提供一种彩色液晶显示面板，包括：相互平行设置的数层液晶盒（2）及用于粘接所述数层液晶盒（2）的粘接固件（8），每一所述液晶盒（2）包括一薄膜晶体管基板（20）、一封装基板（30）及密封于所述薄膜晶体管基板（20）与封装基板（30）之间的染料液晶层（40），所述染料液晶层（40）包括液晶材料、二色性染料及手性试剂，每一所述液晶盒（2）中的二色性染料吸收一预定波长范围的光，所述数层液晶盒（2）分别吸收不同波长范围的光。本发明的彩色液晶显示面板，不需要现有技术中的偏光片和彩色滤光片就可实现彩色显示，降低了液晶显示面板的制造成本以及对背光亮度的要求，提高光穿透率及光效率。

Description

彩色液晶显示面板
技术领域
本发明涉及液晶显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种彩色液晶显示面板。
背景技术
液晶显示装置（LCD，Liquid Crystal Display）具有机身薄、省电、无辐射等众多优点，得到了广泛的应用。现有市场上的液晶显示装置大部分为背光型液晶显示装置，其包括液晶显示面板及背光模组（backlight module）。液晶显示面板的工作原理是在两片平行的玻璃基板当中放置液晶分子，通过在两片玻璃基板上施加驱动电压来控制液晶分子改变方向，将背光模组的光线折射出来产生画面。
通常液晶显示面板由彩色滤光膜（CF，Color Filter）基板、薄膜晶体管（TFT，Thin Film Transistor)基板、夹于彩色滤光膜基板与薄膜晶体管基板之间的液晶（LC，Liquid Crystal）材料及密封胶框（Sealant）组成，其成型工艺一般包括：前段阵列（Array）制程（薄膜、黄光、蚀刻及剥膜）、中段成盒（Cell）制程（薄膜晶体管基板与彩色滤光膜基板贴合）及后段模组组装制程（驱动电路（IC）与印刷电路板压合）。其中，前段阵列（Array）制程主要是形成薄膜晶体管基板，以便于控制液晶分子的运动；中段成盒（Cell）制程主要是在薄膜晶体管基板与彩色滤光膜基板之间添加液晶；后段模组组装制程主要是驱动电路压合与印刷电路板的整合，进而驱动液晶分子转动，显示图像。
就目前主流市场上的液晶显示面板而言，可分为三大类，分别是TN（扭曲向列）/STN（超级扭曲向列），IPS（板内切换）/FFS（边缘切换）及VA（垂直配向）型，其中，TN型液晶显示面板具有液晶分子偏转速度快、响应速度高等优点，是应用最广泛的入门级液晶显示面板之一。参见图1，其为现有TN型液晶显示面板的结构示意图，现有的TN型液晶显示面板主要包括由上至下分层配置的上偏光片100、彩色滤光膜基板110、染料液晶层120、薄膜晶体管基板130、及下偏光片140，各层由上至下顺序层叠在一起组成显示面板。
为实现全彩显示，通常采用在液晶显示面板的一片玻璃（通常为与薄膜晶体管基板玻璃相对设置的上玻璃，也可以为薄膜晶体管基板玻璃）上通过涂布、曝光、显影的办法制成彩色滤光膜基板，利用空间混色原理，实现全彩显示。
但是彩色滤光膜基板上的彩色滤光片只可以让部分波段的光线通过，且需要借助偏光片的对光线进行偏振，所以通过彩色滤光片之后的光强会衰减为原来的约33%，这是目前LCD光效率较低的原因之一，同时，由于需要设置偏光片与彩色滤光片，不利于生产成本的管控。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种彩色液晶显示面板，通过在液晶材料中加入二色性染料，利用二色性染料吸收部分颜色的光，进而实现彩色显示，不需要设置现有技术中的偏光片和彩色滤光片，降低了液晶显示面板的制造成本以及对背光亮度的要求，提高光穿透率及光效率。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种彩色液晶显示面板，包括：相互平行设置的数层液晶盒及用于粘接所述数层液晶盒的粘接固件，每一所述液晶盒包括一薄膜晶体管基板、一封装基板及密封于所述薄膜晶体管基板与封装基板之间的染料液晶层，所述染料液晶层包括液晶材料、二色性染料及手性试剂，每一所述液晶盒中的二色性染料吸收一预定波长范围的光，所述数层液晶盒分别吸收不同波长范围的光。
所述液晶为具有正性向列液晶；所述粘接固件为透明胶水或双面胶。
所述薄膜晶体管基板包括一第一透明基板、形成于所述第一透明基板上的数根栅极线、形成于所述第一透明基板上的数根数据线、形成于所述第一透明基板上的薄膜晶体管阵列、形成于所述薄膜晶体管阵列上的数个像素电极、形成于所述像素电极及薄膜晶体管阵列上的第一平坦化层及形成于所述第一平坦化层上的第一配向层。
所述第一透明基板为玻璃基板，所述像素电极由氧化铟锡制成，所述第一配向层为水平配向层。
所述封装基板包括一第二透明基板、形成于所述第二透明基板上的黑色矩阵、形成于所述第二透明基板及黑色矩阵上的第二平坦化层、形成于所述第二平坦化层上的公共电极、形成于所述公共电极上的第二配向层及形成于所述第二配向层上的光阻材料层，所述黑色矩阵、栅极线、数据线及薄膜晶体管阵列相互配合将该彩色液晶显示面板划分为数个像素。
所述第二透明基板为玻璃基板，所述公共电极由氧化铟锡制成，所述第二配向层为水平配向层。
所述液晶材料含有液晶分子，所述第一配向层的配向方向与第二配向层的配向方向形成一夹角，以使液晶分子在没有驱动电压作用的情况下形成向列扭转排列结构，所述夹角大于0°且小于180°，所述液晶分子的扭转角度大于或等于90°，且小于180°。
所述液晶材料含有液晶分子，所述二色性染料含有二色性染料分子，所述二色性染料分子具有与所述液晶分子的分子结构相类似的分子结构；所述二色性染料分子对可见光线具有选择性吸收作用；当可见光线行进方向与二色性染料分子长轴平行时，二色性染料分子对可见光线不具有吸收作用，当可见光线行进方向与二色性染料分子长轴垂直时，二色性染料分子对可见光线具有吸收作用。
当不施加驱动电压于所述薄膜晶体管基板与封装基板时，所述液晶分子与所述二色性染料分子形成向列扭转排列结构，所述液晶分子与二色性染料分子具有多方向的扭转排列角度，所述二色性染料分子对可见光线具有吸收作用；当施加驱动电压于所述薄膜晶体管基板与封装基板时，所述液晶分子与所述二色性染料分子旋转至垂直于所述薄膜晶体管基板或所述封装基板表面，所述二色性染料分子对可见光线不具有吸收作用。
所述数层液晶盒的层数为三层，分别为第一至第三层液晶盒，所述第一层液晶盒中的二色性染料吸收红色波长的光，所述第二层液晶盒中的二色性染料吸收绿色波长的光，所述第三层液晶盒中的二色性染料吸收蓝色波长的光。
本发明有益效果：本发明的彩色液晶显示面板，将具有特定吸收光谱的二色性染料加入至液晶材料中，以形成可吸收预定波长范围的光的染料液晶层，对背光源发出的光线进行选择性吸收，从而提供色彩显示，并通过堆叠多层吸收不同波长范围的光的液晶层来实现彩色显示，即不需要现有技术中的偏光片和彩色滤光片就可实现彩色显示，降低了液晶显示面板的制造成本以及对背光亮度的要求，提高光穿透率及光效率。
附图说明
下面结合附图，通过对本发明的具体实施方式详细描述，将使本发明的技术方案及其他有益效果显而易见。
附图中，
图1为现有TN型液晶显示面板的结构示意图；
图2为本发明彩色液晶显示面板的结构示意图；
图3为图2中液晶盒的结构示意图；
图4为图3中薄膜晶体管基板的俯视图；
图5为图3中封装基板的俯视图；
图6及图7为本发明彩色液晶显示面板单一颜色显示原理示意图；
图8至图12为本发明彩色液晶显示面板一较佳实施例的颜色显示原理示意图；
图13为色彩减法原理示意图。
具体实施方式
请参阅图2至图5，本发明提供一种彩色液晶显示面板，包括：相互平行设置的数层液晶盒2及用于粘接所述数层液晶盒2的粘接固件8；所述数层液晶盒2为TN型液晶盒，每一所述液晶盒2包括一薄膜晶体管基板20、一封装基板30及密封于所述薄膜晶体管基板20与封装基板30之间的染料液晶层40，所述染料液晶层40包括液晶材料、二色性染料及手性试剂，每一所述液晶盒2中的二色性染料吸收一预定波长范围的光，所述数层液晶盒2分别吸收不同波长范围的光。
所述液晶材料为具有正性向列液晶材料，在液晶材料中加入手性试剂，有利于增加液晶材料中液晶分子42的弹性势能，有利于液晶分子42的偏转，如图6所示。所述二色性染料能吸收预定波长范围的光线。所述粘接固件8可为光学透明胶水、双面胶或其他透明粘接固件。
如图3及图4所示，所述薄膜晶体管基板20包括一第一透明基板21、形成于所述第一透明基板21上的数根栅极线22、形成于所述第一透明基板21上的数根数据线23、形成于所述第一透明基板21上的薄膜晶体管24阵列、形成于所述薄膜晶体管24阵列上的数个像素电极26、形成于所述像素电极26及薄膜晶体管24阵列上的第一平坦化层27及形成于所述第一平坦化层27上的第一配向层28。
所述第一透明基板21可以为玻璃基板或塑料基板，本实施例中为玻璃基板。
所述薄膜晶体管24具有一栅极、一源极及一漏极，所述薄膜晶体管24的栅极与所述栅极线22电性连接，所述薄膜晶体管24的源极与所述数据线23电性连接，所述薄膜晶体管24的漏极与所述像素电极26电性连接。所述像素电极26优选为由氧化铟锡制成。所述第一配向层28为水平配向层。
如图3及图5所示，所述封装基板30包括一第二透明基板31、形成于所述第二透明基板31上的数个黑色矩阵32、形成于所述第二透明基板31与黑色矩阵32上的第二平坦化层37、形成于所述第二平坦化层37上的公共电极36、形成于所述公共电极36上的第二配向层38及形成于所述第二配向层38上的光阻材料层33，所述黑色矩阵32、栅极线22、数据线23及薄膜晶体管24阵列相互配合将该彩色液晶显示面板划分为数个像素。
所述第二透明基板31可以为玻璃基板或塑料基板，本实施例中为玻璃基板。
所述黑色矩阵（Black Matrix）32用于遮光，使不该透光的位置为黑色。
所述公共电极36优选为由氧化铟锡制成。
所述第二配向层38为水平配向层。所述第二配向层38的配向方向与第一配向层28的配向方向形成一夹角，所述夹角大于0°且小于180°，第二配向层38与第一配向层28使液晶分子和二色性染料分子在初始状态时形成向列扭转排列结构，扭转的角度大于或等于90°，即在不施加驱动电压于所述薄膜晶体管基板20与封装基板30时，液晶分子42和二色性染料分子44均呈90°或90°以上的扭转角度扭转排列，并具有多方向的排列角度，如图6所述。
所述光阻材料层（Photo Spacer）33用于使所述薄膜晶体管基板20与封装基板30保存一定距离，从而使位于所述薄膜晶体管基板20与封装基板30之间的染料液晶层40中的分子分布均匀，防止因液晶厚度不均造成显示影像模糊。
请参阅图6至图7，为本发明彩色液晶显示面板的单一颜色显示原理，所述染料液晶层40由将一定量的二色性染料（Dichroic dye）溶解于液晶材料中得到，因此，所述液晶材料含有液晶分子42，所述二色性染料含有二色性染料分子44，所述二色性染料分子44具有与所述液晶分子42的分子结构相类似的分子结构，且所述二色性染料分子44对可见光线具有选择性吸收作用。当可见光线行进方向与二色性染料分子44长轴平行时，二色性染料分子44对可见光线基本不产生吸收作用，当可见光线行进方向与二色性染料分子44长轴垂直时，二色性染料分子44对可见光线产生强烈吸收作用，因此，可以通过控制二色性染料分子44与背光源发出光线的夹角来调节二色性染料分子44对背光源发出光线的吸收强度，起到调节透射光强的作用，实现显示不同灰阶的目的。
如图6所示，当不施加驱动电压于所述薄膜晶体管基板20与封装基板30时，所述液晶分子42与所述二色性染料分子44呈扭转角度为90°或90°以上的向列扭转排列结构，并具有多方向的排列角度，由于第一配向层28和第二配向层38均为水平配向层，所以二色性染料分子44可以对垂直于薄膜晶体管基板20或封装基板30表面入射的光线61产生吸收作用，未被吸收的光线则透过所述液晶盒2，由于二色性染料具有特定的吸收光谱，因此可使透射光线62产生特定的颜色，从而形成色彩显示。进而，在液晶材料中添加不同的二色性染料，其吸收光谱也不同，进入人眼的透射光的颜色也就不同，由此可以选用多种不同的二色性染料，混合不同染料液晶层40的液晶材料之后，实现显示不同颜色的目的。
如图7所示，当施加驱动电压于所述薄膜晶体管基板20与封装基板30时，在电场作用下所述液晶分子42与二色性染料分子44发生旋转，并最终将垂直于所述薄膜晶体管基板20或所述封装基板30表面排列，由于液晶分子42对可见光基本不吸收，而二色性染料分子44的长轴与背光源（未图示）发出的光线行进方向平行，因此二色性染料分子44对背光源发出的光线61也基本不产生吸收，所以，在施加驱动电压于所述薄膜晶体管基板20与封装基板30的情况下，背光源发出的光线61大部分都能透过液晶显示面板，整个液晶显示面板呈现亮态。
该彩色液晶显示面板为TN型液晶显示面板。
请参阅图8至图12，为本发明彩色液晶显示面板一具体实施例的颜色显示原理。本实施例中，所述彩色液晶显示面板包括三层液晶盒，分别为第一至第三层液晶盒3、4、5，所述第一层液晶盒3中的二色性染料吸收红色波长的光，所述第二层液晶盒4中的二色性染料吸收绿色波长的光，所述第三层液晶盒5中的二色性染料吸收蓝色波长的光。
如图8所示，当三层液晶盒的两基板之间均被施加驱动电压时，即三层液晶盒均呈ON状态时，背光源发出的光线61基本都不被吸收，因而背光源发出的光线61大部分都能透过液晶显示面板，整个液晶显示面板呈现亮态。
如图9所示，当仅有第一液晶盒3的两基板之间未被施加驱动电压，即仅第一层液晶盒3呈OFF状态时，只有红色光被吸收，其他颜色光均透过液晶显示面板，透过的光线混合形成藏青色（Cyan）光线63，因而仅有第一层液晶盒3呈OFF状态时，液晶显示面板呈藏青色（Cyan）。
如图10所示，当仅有第二层液晶盒4的两基板之间未被施加驱动电压，即仅第二层液晶盒4呈OFF状态时，只有绿色光被吸收，其他颜色光均透过液晶显示面板，透过的光线混合形成洋红色（Magenta）光线64，因而仅有第二层液晶盒4呈OFF状态时，液晶显示面板呈洋红色（Magenta）。
如图11所示，当仅有第三层液晶盒5的两基板之间未被施加驱动电压，即仅第三层液晶盒5呈OFF状态时，只有蓝色光被吸收，其他颜色光均透过液晶显示面板，透过的光线混合形成黄色（Yellow）光线65，因而仅有第三层液晶盒5呈OFF状态时，液晶显示面板呈黄色（Yellow）。
如图12所示，当三层液晶盒的两基板之间均未被施加驱动电压时，即三层液晶盒均呈OFF状态时，红色光、绿色光及蓝色光均被吸收，每一层液晶盒中的二色性染料的吸收光谱均不同，三种二色性染料的吸收光谱谱叠加之后可以覆盖整个可见光波段，因而背光源发出的光线61大部分都被吸收，整个液晶显示面板呈现暗态。
本发明液晶显示面板还可利用色彩减法原理实现多种颜色显示，进而实现彩色显示。色彩减法原理如图13所示，当藏青色71与洋红色72混合后为红色77，当藏青色71与黄色73混合后为绿色78，当洋红色72与黄色73混合后为蓝色79，当藏青色71、洋红色72及黄色73三种颜色混合后为黑色75。因此，本实施例中，可以选择性地施加驱动电压于所述第一层液晶盒3、第二层液晶盒4及第三层液晶盒5的两基板之间，得到两种或两种以上颜色混合的光线，进而实现液晶显示面板的彩色显示。
综上所述，本发明的彩色液晶显示面板，将具有特定吸收光谱的二色性染料加入至液晶材料中，以形成可吸收预定波长范围的光的染料液晶层，对背光源发出的光线进行选择性吸收，从而提供色彩显示，并通过堆叠多层吸收不同波长范围的光的液晶层来实现彩色显示，即不需要现有技术中的偏光片和彩色滤光片就可实现彩色显示，降低了液晶显示面板的制造成本以及对背光亮度的要求，提高光穿透率及光效率。
以上所述，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，可以根据本发明的技术方案和技术构思作出其他各种相应的改变和变形，而所有这些改变和变形都应属于本发明后附的权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种彩色液晶显示面板，其特征在于，包括：相互平行设置的数层液晶盒（2）及用于粘接所述数层液晶盒（2）的粘接固件（8），每一所述液晶盒（2）包括一薄膜晶体管基板（20）、一封装基板（30）及密封于所述薄膜晶体管基板（20）与封装基板（30）之间的染料液晶层（40），所述染料液晶层（40）包括液晶材料、二色性染料及手性试剂，每一所述液晶盒（2）中的二色性染料吸收一预定波长范围的光，所述数层液晶盒（2）分别吸收不同波长范围的光。
2.如权利要求1所述的彩色液晶显示面板，其特征在于，所述液晶材料为具有正性向列液晶材料；所述粘接固件（8）为光学透明胶水或双面胶。
3.如权利要求1所述的彩色液晶显示面板，其特征在于，所述薄膜晶体管基板（20）包括一第一透明基板（21）、形成于所述第一透明基板（21）上的数根栅极线（22）、形成于所述第一透明基板（21）上的数根数据线（23）、形成于所述第一透明基板（21）上的薄膜晶体管（24）阵列、形成于所述薄膜晶体管（24）阵列上的数个像素电极（26）、形成于所述像素电极（26）及薄膜晶体管（24）阵列上的第一平坦化层（27）及形成于所述第一平坦化层（27）上的第一配向层（28）。
4.如权利要求3所述的彩色液晶显示面板，其特征在于，所述第一透明基板（21）为玻璃基板，所述像素电极（26）由氧化铟锡制成，所述第一配向层（28）为水平配向层。
5.如权利要求3所述的彩色液晶显示面板，其特征在于，所述封装基板（30）包括一第二透明基板（31）、形成于所述第二透明基板（31）上的黑色矩阵（32）、形成于所述第二透明基板（31）及黑色矩阵（32）上的第二平坦化层（37）、形成于所述第二平坦化层（37）上的公共电极（36）、形成于所述公共电极（36）上的第二配向层（38）及形成于所述第二配向层（38）上的光阻材料层（33），所述黑色矩阵（32）、栅极线（22）、数据线（23）及薄膜晶体管（24）阵列相互配合将该彩色液晶显示面板划分为数个像素。
6.如权利要求5所述的彩色液晶显示面板，其特征在于，所述第二透明基板（31）为玻璃基板，所述公共电极（36）由氧化铟锡制成，所述第二配向层（38）为水平配向层。
7.如权利要求5所述的彩色液晶显示面板，其特征在于，所述液晶材料含有液晶分子（42），所述第一配向层（28）的配向方向与第二配向层（38）的配向方向形成一夹角，以使液晶分子（42）在没有驱动电压作用的情况下形成向列扭转排列结构，所述夹角大于0°且小于180°，所述液晶分子（42）的扭转角度大于或等于90°，且小于180°。
8.如权利要求1所述的彩色液晶显示面板，其特征在于，所述液晶材料含有液晶分子（42），所述二色性染料含有二色性染料分子（44），所述二色性染料分子（44）具有与所述液晶分子（42）的分子结构相类似的分子结构；所述二色性染料分子（44）对可见光线具有选择性吸收作用；当可见光线行进方向与二色性染料分子（44）长轴平行时，二色性染料分子（44）对可见光线不具有吸收作用，当可见光线行进方向与二色性染料分子（44）长轴垂直时，二色性染料分子（44）对可见光线具有吸收作用。
9.如权利要求8所述的彩色液晶显示面板，其特征在于，当不施加驱动电压于所述薄膜晶体管基板（20）与封装基板（30）时，所述液晶分子（42）与所述二色性染料分子（44）形成向列扭转排列结构，所述液晶分子（42）与二色性染料分子（44）具有多方向的扭转排列角度，所述二色性染料分子（44）对可见光线具有吸收作用；当施加驱动电压于所述薄膜晶体管基板（20）与封装基板（30）时，所述液晶分子（42）与所述二色性染料分子（44）旋转至垂直于所述薄膜晶体管基板（20）或所述封装基板（30）表面，所述二色性染料分子（44）对可见光线不具有吸收作用。
10.如权利要求1所述的彩色液晶显示面板，其特征在于，所述数层液晶盒（2）的层数为三层，分别为第一至第三层液晶盒（3、4、5），所述第一层液晶盒（3）中的二色性染料吸收红色波长的光，所述第二层液晶盒（4）中的二色性染料吸收绿色波长的光，所述第三层液晶盒（5）中的二色性染料吸收蓝色波长的光。
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