The horizontal alternately heating system of pit kiln
Technical field
The horizontal alternately heating system that the present invention relates to a kind of pit kiln, belongs to the conventional coking technology of metallurgical industry coking industry field.
Background technology
Existing large-scale conventional mechanical pit kiln can be divided into heating system and carbonization system according to technical process, and the body of coke oven can be divided into heating dry distillation area, top according to functional area, heat-accumulating area, middle part, and bottom is heated air and flue gas turnover district.In upper of furnace body, dozens of coking chamber and dozens of combustion chamber are distributing alternately, heated air is burnt, by furnace wall, heat is offered to coking chamber in combustion chamber, coal charge in coking chamber, be heated destructive distillation generate coke, each combustion chamber is made up of 20-30 flues, every two flues twinflue that partners, the combustion gas flowing that one of them walks to rise, the flue gas that another walks to decline, the cycle hockets.At body of heater middle part, distributing and the regenerator of combustion chamber equal amts, heat storage is equipped with in inside, heat storage absorbs the waste heat of combustion chamber decline flue flue gas within a heating period, the heated air that preheating is risen within next heating period, regenerator top communicates by long and short chute with bottom, combustion chamber, and regulates flue heating gas flow by the adjusting brick of combustion chamber outlet at bottom.At lower portion of furnace body, there are horizontal bottom flue, exhaust gas disc, point flue, the heated air that also distributing pipeline and reversing valve, barometric damper etc., the double-edged fine-toothed comb brick that horizontal bottom flue distributes by its top and regenerator bottom vertical communicating up and down, double-edged fine-toothed comb brick is used for adjusting distributing and vertically becomes laterally/laterally become vertical flue gas and heated air, horizontal bottom flue external port is connected with point air flue horizontal is vertical by exhaust gas disc, and switches heated air and discharged gas fume by exchange board.As can be seen here, existing heating coke-oven gas and the upper and lower conversion of flue gas, repeatedly vertical change laterally or laterally becomes vertical conversion, repeatedly vertically shunt or converge, air current flow is difficult to balance, and Heating temperature is inhomogeneous, flowpaths is unreasonable, systemic resistance is large, complex structure, temperature regulating and controlling difficulty.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of horizontal alternately heating system of pit kiln, change vertical combustion heating, the accumulation of heat structure of existing pit kiln complexity, change existing pit kiln regenerator upper and lower complicated annexation and working method, simplify furnace binding, handled easily, reduce investment outlay, and provide condition for realizing the vertical coke discharging of pit kiln carbonization system.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
The horizontal alternately heating system of pit kiln, it is characterized in that comprising and the spaced combustion chamber of coking chamber, described combustion chamber is built by laying bricks or stones into rectangular-shaped by silica brick, and combustion chamber central interior is provided with partition wall, and combustion chamber is separated into medianly zygomorphic left chamber and right chamber;
Every side cavity is respectively equipped with multiple horizontal quirks up and down, between each horizontal quirk, separates by dividing plate brick; Described horizontal quirk is the horizontal quirk of duplex, comprise the quirk that is provided with dividing plate brick between upper and lower adjacent two, dividing plate brick between described two quirks, leaving leap hole near the position of central partition wall, leaving circulation pore at close outer wall displacement, is provided with low-grade gas/flue gas port and air/smoke port at the exterior wall of each quirk;
Regenerator splits on both sides, combustion chamber; Regenerator inside is separated into multiple heat exchanger channels up and down, and heat exchanger channels is identical with combustion chamber quirk number, and heat storage is housed in heat exchanger channels, and each heat exchanger channels comprises horizontal low-grade gas/flue gas heat exchange subchannel and air/smoke heat exchange subchannel; Be respectively equipped with low-grade gas/flue gas inner port and low-grade gas/flue gas external port at each low-grade gas/flue gas heat exchange subchannel two ends, be respectively equipped with air/smoke inner port and air/smoke external port at each air/smoke heat exchange subchannel two ends;
Described low-grade gas/flue gas inner port and air/smoke inner port are connected in low-grade gas/flue gas port and the air/smoke port of each self-corresponding combustion chamber quirk;
Described low-grade gas/flue gas external port is connected with flue gas standpipe with low-grade gas standpipe with the regenerator air/smoke pipe connecting with reversing valve by the regenerator low-grade gas/flue gas pipe connecting with reversing valve respectively;
Described air/smoke external port is connected with flue gas standpipe with air standpipe with the regenerator air/smoke pipe connecting with reversing valve by the regenerator low-grade gas/flue gas pipe connecting with reversing valve respectively.
The exterior wall of above-mentioned each quirk is also respectively equipped with coke-oven gas port, and described coke-oven gas port is connected with coke-oven gas standpipe by the coke-oven gas pipe connecting with stopping valve, for the technique that adopts coke-oven gas to heat.
Heated air is burnt in combustion chamber, by furnace wall, heat is offered to coking chamber, coal charge in coking chamber, be heated destructive distillation generate coke.
Advantage of the present invention: the feature that laterally replaces heating system of pit kiln is to burn in central compartment both sides in combustion chamber, and every side combusion chamber is all upper and lower horizontal twinflue structure, alternatively up and down heating; Regenerator splits on both sides, and each regenerator is horizontal structure, separates up and down horizontal heat exchange passage, and every two is a pair of and horizontal twinflue level connection joint.Compared with the vertical heating system of existing pit kiln, change the vertical combustion heating of existing pit kiln complexity, regenerative heat exchange structure, change the upper and lower complicated annexation of existing pit kiln regenerator, change on heated air and flue gas, current downflow, repeatedly vertical change laterally or laterally becomes vertical conversion, repeatedly vertically shunt or to converge the distribution of air flow causing inhomogeneous, circulation flow path path length, systemic resistance is large, heat inhomogeneous, feature structure complexity, the problems such as control method clumsiness, cancel the short chute of the chute head of district, horizontal bottom flue and double-edged fine-toothed comb brick thereof, reduce special shaped brick quantity.Therefore, there is furnace binding simple, heated air weight feed, external gas flow-regulating is convenient, the advantage such as reduce investment outlay.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the horizontal alternately heating system longitudinal sectional view (A-A) of pit kiln:
Fig. 2 is the horizontal alternately heating system transverse sectional view (B-B) of pit kiln:
Fig. 3 is the horizontal alternately heating system side sectional view (C-C) of pit kiln:
Be low-grade gas/flue gas heat exchange subchannel 10 sectional views from low-grade gas standpipe place of combustion chamber and regenerator, meanwhile, combustion chamber is identical with this figure from the structure of the sectional view at air standpipe place with the air/smoke heat exchange subchannel 11 of regenerator.
Fig. 4 is the horizontal alternately heating system transverse sectional view (D-D) of pit kiln:
Be low-grade gas/flue gas heat exchange subchannel 10 sectional views from flue gas standpipe place of combustion chamber and regenerator, meanwhile, combustion chamber is identical with this figure from the structure of the sectional view at flue gas standpipe place with the air/smoke heat exchange subchannel 11 of regenerator.
Fig. 5 is the horizontal alternately horizontal part sectioned view of heating system (E-E) of pit kiln:
Fig. 6 is the horizontal alternately heating system side partial sectional view (F-F) of pit kiln:
1, coking chamber, 2, combustion chamber, 3, regenerator, 4, horizontal quirk, 5, dividing plate brick, 6, cross over hole, 7, circulation pore, 8, partition wall, 9, heat exchanger channels, 10, low-grade gas/flue gas heat exchange subchannel, 11, air/smoke heat exchange subchannel, 12, low-grade gas standpipe, 13, air standpipe, 14, flue gas standpipe
15, coke-oven gas standpipe, 16, low-grade gas/flue gas port, 17, air/smoke port, 18, coke-oven gas port, 19, low-grade gas/flue gas inner port, 20, air/smoke inner port, 21, low-grade gas/flue gas external port, 22, air/smoke external port,
23, combustion chamber low-grade gas/flue gas pipe connecting, 24, combustion chamber air/smoke pipe connecting, 25, coke-oven gas pipe connecting and stopping valve thereof, 26, regenerator low-grade gas/flue gas pipe connecting, 27, regenerator air/smoke pipe connecting, 28, flue gas arm, 29, low-grade gas arm, 30, air arm, 31, coke-oven gas arm.
Embodiment
As follows to the detailed description of the invention by reference to the accompanying drawings:
The horizontal alternately heating system of pit kiln of the present invention, it is characterized in that comprising and the spaced combustion chamber 2 of coking chamber 1, described combustion chamber 2 is built by laying bricks or stones into rectangular-shaped by silica brick, and combustion chamber 2 central interior are provided with partition wall 8, combustion chamber 2 is separated into medianly zygomorphic left chamber and right chamber;
Every side cavity is respectively equipped with multiple horizontal quirks 4 up and down, between each horizontal quirk 4, separates by dividing plate brick 5; Described horizontal quirk 4 is the horizontal quirks of duplex, comprise the quirk that is provided with dividing plate brick between upper and lower adjacent two, dividing plate brick between described two quirks, leaving leap hole 6 near the position of central partition wall 8, leaving circulation pore 7 at close outer wall displacement, is provided with low-grade gas/flue gas port one 6 and air/smoke port one 7 at the exterior wall of each quirk;
Regenerator 3 splits on 2 both sides, combustion chamber; Regenerator 3 inside are separated into multiple heat exchanger channels 9 up and down, heat exchanger channels 9 is identical with combustion chamber quirk number, in heat exchanger channels 9, heat storage is housed, each heat exchanger channels 9 comprises horizontal low-grade gas/flue gas heat exchange subchannel 10 and air/smoke heat exchange subchannel 11; Be respectively equipped with low-grade gas/flue gas inner port 19 and low-grade gas/flue gas external port 21 at each low-grade gas/flue gas heat exchange subchannel 10 two ends, be respectively equipped with air/smoke inner port 20 and air/smoke external port 22 at each air/smoke heat exchange subchannel 11 two ends;
Described low-grade gas/flue gas inner port 19 and air/smoke inner port 20 are connected in low-grade gas/flue gas port one 6 and the air/smoke port one 7 of each self-corresponding combustion chamber quirk;
Described low-grade gas/flue gas external port 21 is connected with flue gas standpipe 14 with low-grade gas standpipe 12 with the regenerator air/smoke pipe connecting 27 with reversing valve by the regenerator low-grade gas/flue gas pipe connecting 26 with reversing valve respectively;
Described air/smoke external port 22 respectively by the regenerator low-grade gas/flue gas pipe connecting 26 with reversing valve and regenerator air/smoke pipe connecting 27 with reversing valve be connected with flue gas standpipe 14 with air standpipe 13.
The exterior wall of above-mentioned each quirk 5 is also respectively equipped with coke-oven gas port one 8, and described coke-oven gas port one 8 is connected with coke-oven gas standpipe 15 by the coke-oven gas pipe connecting 25 with stopping valve, for the technique that adopts coke-oven gas to heat.
Each flue gas standpipe 14 is all connected on flue gas arm 28; Each low-grade gas standpipe 12 is all connected on low-grade gas arm 29, and each air standpipe 13 is all connected on air arm 30, and each coke-oven gas standpipe 15 is all connected on coke-oven gas arm 31.
Low-grade gas/flue gas port one 6 at each horizontal quirk two ends and air/smoke port one 7 by combustion chamber low-grade gas/flue gas pipe connecting 23 and combustion chamber air/smoke pipe connecting 24, are connected with air/smoke inner port 20 levels with low-grade gas/flue gas inner port 19 of the corresponding regenerator heat exchanger channels in both sides respectively.
Working process of the present invention is as follows, taking a side wherein as example
Within a heating period, in the time heating with low-grade gas, as Fig. 2, low-grade gas and air are respectively by the low-grade gas standpipe 12 of one side regenerator and the standpipe 13 of air, by the low-grade gas pipe connecting 26 of homonymy band reversing valve and the air pipe connecting 27 with reversing valve, enter low-grade gas heat exchange subchannel 10 and the air heat-exchange subchannel 11 of homonymy odd number (discussing) from bottom to top, in heat exchange subchannel separately, the heat of low-grade gas and absorption of air heat storage, low-grade gas after preheating and air, respectively by low-grade gas pipe connecting 23 and air pipe connecting 24 separately, enter the horizontal quirk of odd number duplex of combustion chamber 2, in the horizontal quirk of odd number duplex, low-grade gas and air diffuser burning, flue gas after burning is crossed over hole 6 by the horizontal quirk of duplex, enter the horizontal quirk of even numbers and emit heat, a small amount of flue gas returns to the horizontal twinflue of odd number by circulation pore 7, be used for elongating flame, remaining most of flue gas passes through with side combusion chamber's low-grade gas/flue gas pipe connecting 23 and air/smoke pipe connecting 24, enter low-grade gas heat exchange subchannel 10 and the air heat-exchange subchannel 11 of homonymy even numbers, in heat exchange subchannel separately, flue gas discharges waste-heat heat storage, emit the flue gas after waste heat, respectively by regenerator low-grade gas/flue gas pipe connecting 26 and the air/smoke pipe connecting 27 with reversing valve of heat exchange subchannel external port, enter two flue gas standpipes 14 of homonymy.
Within next heating period, low-grade gas and air are respectively by the standpipe separately of homonymy, by pipe connecting and reversing valve thereof, enter even numbers (discussing) the heat exchanger channels preheating of homonymy regenerator from bottom to top, low-grade gas after preheating and air be pipe connecting respectively, enter the horizontal quirk burning of even numbers of same side combusion chamber, enter the horizontal quirk heat release of odd number through crossing over hole, a small amount of flue gas recirculation, a large amount of flue gases pass through respectively pipe connecting, the odd number heat exchanger channels that enters homonymy regenerator discharges waste heat, flue gas after heat release is respectively by pipe connecting and reversing valve thereof, enter homonymy flue gas standpipe.
Equally, within a heating period, when melt down heating with coke-oven gas, for fear of the pre-thermo-cracking of coke-oven gas, odd number (discussing from bottom to top) low-grade gas heat exchange subchannel 10 and the air heat-exchange subchannel 11 of regenerator are all walked air on one side, air after preheating is by combustion chamber low-grade gas/flue gas pipe connecting 23 and air/smoke pipe connecting 24, enter low-grade gas/flue gas port one 6 and the air/smoke port one 7 of the horizontal quirk of combustion chamber odd number, coke-oven gas is without preheating, by homonymy coke-oven gas standpipe 15 by the coke-oven gas pipe connecting 25 with stopping valve, directly enter the coke-oven gas port one 8 at the horizontal quirk center of combustion chamber odd number, in horizontal quirk, coke-oven gas and two airflow diffusion combustions, flue gas after burning enters the horizontal quirk 4 of homonymy even numbers and emits heat, a small amount of flue gas recirculation, a large amount of flue gases are respectively by combustion chamber low-grade gas/flue gas pipe connecting 23 and air/smoke pipe connecting 24, enter low-grade gas heat exchange subchannel 10 and air heat-exchange subchannel 11 and discharge waste heat, flue gas after heat release is by regenerator low-grade gas/flue gas pipe connecting 26 and air/smoke pipe connecting 27, enter the outer row 14 of flue gas standpipe.
Within next heating period, homonymy even numbers low-grade gas and air heat-exchange subchannel are all walked air, air after preheating is by pipe connecting separately, enter two ports of the horizontal quirk of combustion chamber even numbers, coke-oven gas, without preheating, is directly entered the port at the horizontal quirk center of combustion chamber even numbers, in horizontal quirk by homonymy coke-oven gas standpipe, coke-oven gas and two airflow diffusion combustions, repeat above-mentioned steps afterwards.
Both sides institute combuster is all to horizontal twinflue up and down, and all regenerator in both sides are all to horizontal heat exchange passage up and down, all operated by computer program control according to above-mentioned rule, and alternate run, goes round and begins again.
In brief, within a heating period, the horizontal quirk of two side combusion chamber's odd numbers is charge combustion, and even numbers is the heating of giving vent to anger; Correspondingly, both sides regenerator odd number heat exchanger channels is the heat release of giving vent to anger, and even numbers heat exchanger channels is charge heating.Within next heating period, the horizontal quirk of even numbers is charge combustion, and odd number is the heating of giving vent to anger; Equally, even numbers heat exchanger channels is the heat release of giving vent to anger, and odd number heat exchanger channels is charge heating.