CN1037053C - 电子电路的供电装置 - Google Patents

电子电路的供电装置 Download PDF

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CN1037053C
CN1037053C CN94106519A CN94106519A CN1037053C CN 1037053 C CN1037053 C CN 1037053C CN 94106519 A CN94106519 A CN 94106519A CN 94106519 A CN94106519 A CN 94106519A CN 1037053 C CN1037053 C CN 1037053C
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capacitor
switch
electronic circuit
rectifier bridge
circuit
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让-保尔·蒙克瑞格
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Grid Solutions SAS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R1/00Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
    • G01R1/20Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
    • H02M1/0087Converters characterised by their input or output configuration adapted for receiving as input a current source
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S323/00Electricity: power supply or regulation systems
    • Y10S323/902Optical coupling to semiconductor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
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Abstract

用于给电子电路供电的装置,所述的装置包括一个电流互感器、一个整流桥和该整流桥的输出端,第一电容器与第一电阻并联,在该电阻两端获得所述的电源电压,第一开关被设置在整流桥的输出端之间,其特征在于,它包括在整流桥输出端之间的一条支路,该支路由串联的第二电容器、第二开关和第二电阻组成,第一开关由第一阈值检测器控制,第二开关由第二阈值检测器控制,第一和第二阈值检测器分别在到达预定的第一和第二阈值时闭合第一和第二开关。

Description

电子电路的供电装置
本发明涉及电子电路的供电装置,特别是装有电流传感器的电子电路的电源,该电流传感器用于测量高压线路上的电流。
电流传感器通常包括一分流器或环形线圈或罗高斯基(Rogowski)线圈;该电流传感器与电子电路相结合,根据该传感器提供的模拟信号,该电路产生一个(最好是数字的)信号,从该信号能得出电流;这个信号被加到光二极管上,使得该信号沿光纤送到地面。该传感器和相结合的电子电路处于高压电位;光纤可提供高压和地之间的绝缘。
问题产生于给上述电子电路的供电电源;通过具有所需的高绝缘水平的普通变压器,从地面传输必要的电力是没问题的,但这会抵消所设想的测量装置的优点。
因此必须从线路电流中为装置供电,例如使用具有磁芯的环形线圈,该线圈具有一供给必要的电源电流的次级绕组。
这种安排需要解决一系列技术问题。
第一个问题出现在电流外部特性上,尤其是当有电流非周期成份时;需历时几毫秒才达到能供电的稳定的状态条件。要解决的问题是在获得前述稳定的状态条件的几毫秒期间的供电问题。
第二个问题出现在高过载发生之时,例如,由线路上故障引起的短路电流;因此供电必须能承受临时过载。
本发明的目的在于提供一种给电子电路供应电源电压的装置,尤其是给与电流传感器相结合的电子电路供应电压的装置。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种用于给电子电路供应电源电压的装置,尤其是给与一电流传感器相结合的电子电路供应电压的装置,该电流传感器用来测量高压线上的电流,所述装置包括具有初级电路和次级电路的电流互感器,与次级电路并联的整流桥,与整流桥的输出端连接的第一电容器与第一电阻并联,在该电阻两端获得所述电源电压,第一开关被设置在整流桥的输出端之间,其特征在于所述装置还包括:一条连接在整流桥输出端之间的支路,该支路包括串联的第二开关、第二电容器和第二电阻,第一开关由与第二电容器并联的第一阈值检测器控制,第二开关由与第一电容器并联的第二阈值检测器控制,第一和第二阈值检测器分别在先后到达预定的第一和第二阈值时闭合第一和第二开关。
电流互感器包括两个次级绕组,它们具有不同的匝数,并且与整流桥串接,该串接是经一受控的第三开关与整流桥连接的。
第三开关由第三检测器控制,该检测器接收流经次级绕组的电流。
可替换的是,第三开关可由所述的第一阈值检测器控制。
该装置包括,在整流桥输出侧的一个支路,它由串接的第三电容器和第4开关串联,所述的电容器被连接到供电线路上,该线路接收来自光电转换器的输出电功率,该光电转换器在其输入端接收光能,该光能由光纤从地面导入,所述的第四开关由所述第三传感器控制。
光纤中的光能以脉冲的形式被传送,该脉冲也被用来构成同步指令,该指令用于对所述电子电路来寻址。
参照附图,从以下给出的本发明多种实施例的描述中,将会更好地理解本发明,其中:
图1是一种线路电流测量装置的电路图,以及用于给电子电路供电的现有技术电源装置;
图2是表示当它包括一低值电容器时,图1的电源装置如何工作的波形图;
图3是表示当它包括一高值电容器时,图1的电源装置如何工作的波形图;
图4是本发明电子电路电源装置的电路图;
图5是表示装有本发明电源装置的电流互感器的一特殊实施例的图。
参见图1,要被测电流的电力线包括相线1。以下的描述仅参照与一相相关的部件,可以理解,对于三相线路的其它相提供有一样的装置。
该电流测量装置包括一传感器2,例如,一个罗高斯凯线圈,该传感器与电子电路3相结合,该电子电路处理传感器输出信号,并在其输出端提供所要的信号,该信号通过光二极管4和光纤5被送到地面。电流测量装置并不构成本发明的任一部分,所以在此不再描述。就此合适的参考文献是Technigues de 1′Ingenieur,“Transformateur amagnetique de Courant,Tore de Ro-gowski D4 724-8”。
在其本身所知的方法中,电子电路3通过一个装置从线路上受电,该装置包括一电流互感器,该电流互感器包括一环形铁心10,相线1穿过该环形铁心,该电流互感器还包括次级电路11,该电路给整流桥12馈电,该整流桥经二极管D1给电容器C1充电。当横跨电容器C1两端的电压达到给定的第一阈值V1时,阈值检测器DS激励电子开关I1,该开关将电流互感器10短路。二极管D1防止电容器通过开关I1放电。电容器C1放电,电流导入电阻R1,横跨电阻R1生成电子电路3的供电电压U。
当电容器C1的端电压达到小于V1的所给定的第二阈值V2时,阈值检测器DS1打开开关I1,电容器C1被再充电。同样的周期循环使由环形线圈输出的电流大于负载所需的电流。
如果电容器是一只低值电容器,电压波谷如图2所示周期性地呈现。曲线15代表整流桥12的输出电压,曲线16为横跨电容器C1的电压。注意曲线16表示出在曲线15波峰之间的一个波谷。可利用较高值电容器如图3所示使该波谷变得较小,但会延迟横跨在电容器上的电压的升高。
图4是根据本发明的供电装置的电路图。
图1和4共同的部件被用同样的标号来标识。
对该电路的改进,首先,在整流桥输出端P和Q之间,即标记+和-的供电电路支路之间连接一个支路,该支路包括第二电容器C2,该电容器与电子开关I2和电阻R2串联;以及一个二极管D2,连接电容器C1和C2的正端。开关I2由阈值检测器DS1控制,阈值检测器DS1并联电容器C1,开关I1由并联电容器C2的阈值检测器DS2控制。该电路这样工作:
开始时电容器C1充电,开关I1和I2打开。当横跨电容器C1的电压达到如阈值检测器DS1所检测到的一预定阈值S1时,后者则闭合开关I2;电容器C2充电;当横跨电容器C2的电压达到一个比阈值S1小或相等的阈值S2,并且被检测器DS2检出时,后者闭合开关I1。然后短路电流互感器,电容器C1放电,电流导入电阻R1,在电阻R1两端获得电路3的供电电压U。假定电流互感器输出的电流大于负载所需的电流,电容器C1的充放电循环在C1和I1之间持续。
当不再维持这个条件时,则呈现电压波谷,并通过使电容器C2的放电来填充。
当事故线路恢复时,出现一个供电快速冲击问题,为担负消除故障的保护装置提供电流指示(“电流”指示)必须没有延迟(例如在小于一毫秒之内)。
由本发明做出的第一实施例关系到电流互感器。
电流互感器向次级传送一个和次级绕组的匝数成反比的电流。
如果用小匝数的次级绕组来做电流互感器的话,给次级传送的电流就高,当线路带电时这是所期望的,但这使电源难于耐受过载,或甚至难于承受连续电流。
图5的电路表示了申请人对该问题的第一解决方案:
电流互感器的次级包括两个串联的绕组11A和11B,它们具有不同的匝数;与两个绕组串联的开关I3把恰当的绕组连接到整流桥12,在第一实施例中,开关I3由阈值检测器控制,该阈值检测器监视流过次级的电流。这个检测器DS3接收每个绕组上的电流值,由分路SHA和SHB来加权,用来对绕组11A和11B的每一个上的匝数酌情处理。
可替代的是,开关I3由阈值检测器DS2控制,该检测器前面参照图4已加以描述。
在另一实施例中,电源一部分由光纤提供,该光纤通过一激光二极管或发光二极管从地面供给能量,传输到光纤上的光能被光二极管转换成电能,然后用电子变换器转换成所需的电压。
图4表示了一个这样的实施例。
光纤F由二极管DL1供给光能;在电力线上,含有光二极管DL2的变换电路CS把光转变成电流。如果光是脉动的,如10KHz的话,该变换器可采用接有整流器的一个简单的变压器。由变换器CS产生的电流借助于与控制开关I4串联的连线L4被传输到电源电路的“+”支路上。电容器C4把连线L4连接到电源电路的“-”支路。开关I4最好由图5上的电流测量电路DS3来控制。如果电流变得太低的话,当由检测器DS3感应到时,后者则闭合开关I4,并且电容C4提供必要的电流。
光纤可用来为模数变换处理传送同步指令,这对于在三相上的电流和电压测量必须是同时进行的。
可以使用“标示脉冲”技术,例如:从光纤F中传输的脉冲串中消除一个脉冲,对应接续在该消失脉冲后面的脉冲上升前沿变换开始。上述信息由连线15在变换器CS和变换器3之间传送。
如果线路1被连接到一个电路断路器上的话,线路上的电流在几十秒被遮断,该电路断路器打开,然后闭合(OF循环)。为了在这期间保持供电,可采用高值(如1000μF)的电容器C2与电阻R2串联,来限制电流达到例如1mA这样的值。因此,供电现象不被延迟。对电容器C2的充电时间长,但鉴于在线路带电以后假定OF循环占有长时间的话这就不重要了。

Claims (3)

1.用于给电子电路供应电源电压的装置,尤其是给与一电流传感器相结合的电子电路(3)供应电压的装置,该电流传感器用来测量高压线上的电流,所述装置包括具有初级电路(10)和次级电路(11)的电流互感器,与次级电路并联的整流桥(12),与整流桥的输出端(P,Q)连接的第一电容器(C1)与第一电阻(R1)并联,在该电阻两端获得所述电源电压(U),第一开关(I1)被设置在整流桥的输出端(P,Q)之间,其特征在于所述装置还包括:一条连接在整流桥输出端(P,Q)之间的支路,该支路包括串联的第二开关(I2)、第二电容器(C2)和第二电阻(R2),第一开关(I1)由与第二电容器(C2)并联的第一阈值检测器(DS2)控制,第二开关(I2)由与第一电容器(C1)并联的第二阈值检测器(DS1)控制,第一和第二阈值检测器(DS1,DS2)分别在先后到达预定的第一和第二阈值(S1,S2)时闭合第一和第二开关(I1,I2)。
2.根据权利要求1的装置,其特征在于电流互感器包括两个次级绕组(11A,11B),它们具有不同的匝数,并且与整流桥串接,该串接是经一受控的第三开关(I3)与整流桥连接的。
3.根据权利要求2的装置,其特征在于第三开关(I3)由第三检测器(DS3)控制,该检测器接收流经次级绕组(11A,11B)的电流。
CN94106519A 1993-06-10 1994-06-07 电子电路的供电装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1037053C (zh)

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FR9306992A FR2706699B1 (fr) 1993-06-10 1993-06-10 Dispositif pour la fourniture d'une tension à un circuit électronique, en particulier à un circuit électronique associé à un capteur d'intensité placé sur une ligne électrique.

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US5552978A (en) 1996-09-03
FR2706699B1 (fr) 1995-09-15
EP0629036B1 (fr) 1998-03-04
EP0629036A3 (zh) 1994-12-28
CA2125267C (fr) 1997-09-16
DE69408729D1 (de) 1998-04-09
ATE163812T1 (de) 1998-03-15
DE69408729T2 (de) 1998-06-25
EP0629036A2 (fr) 1994-12-14
FR2706699A1 (fr) 1994-12-23
CA2125267A1 (fr) 1994-12-11
CN1107622A (zh) 1995-08-30

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