CN103702510B - Circuits System - Google Patents
Circuits System Download PDFInfo
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- CN103702510B CN103702510B CN201310750542.6A CN201310750542A CN103702510B CN 103702510 B CN103702510 B CN 103702510B CN 201310750542 A CN201310750542 A CN 201310750542A CN 103702510 B CN103702510 B CN 103702510B
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- transmission line
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Abstract
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of Circuits System, including: N section transmission line, described N >=2；Described N section transmission line has the impedance that M kind is different, described N >=M >=2, and the impedance that described M kind is different meets preset function relation, the transmission line of the impedance correspondence M kind difference live width that described M kind is different；In the transmission line of described M kind difference impedance, copper cash, described copper cash ground connection are set in the both sides of low impedance transmission line；Wherein, the copper cash that described low impedance transmission line and described low impedance transmission line both sides are arranged forms coplanar waveguide structure, so that the impact of the degree of coupling of high-impedance transmission line can be cancelled out each other by linewidth error by the impact of the degree of coupling of described low impedance transmission line with described linewidth error.
Description
Technical field
The present embodiments relate to communication technology, particularly relate to a kind of Circuits System.
Background technology
In the manufacturing process of printed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board is called for short PCB), PCB
On for Circuits System live width process there will be overetch or underetching situation, error be usually
± 2mil (mil).When transmission line is fine rule, owing to the impedance of transmission line is affected by line width variation
Very violent, therefore, when error occurs in live width processing, owing to the tolerance performance of Circuits System is relatively low,
The degree of coupling performance of Circuits System will deteriorate, and causes mismachining tolerance performance to become Circuits System batch fortune
Bottleneck.
In prior art, for the mismachining tolerance impact on the performance of Circuits System, making PCB
During, by hollowing out PCB for one or more layers Copper Foil below fine rule transmission line position,
The radiation patch of increase fine rule transmission line, to the distance with reference to ground, is i.e. equivalent to increase dielectric thickness,
The live width making fine rule transmission line increases and keeps impedance constant.But, owing to prior art adds body
Long-pending expense, when PCB layer number and each layer thickness are by limited time, and the use of this technology is limited, and this skill
Art is also difficult to make Circuits System not affected by mismachining tolerance.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of Circuits System, to overcome the mismachining tolerance performance shadow to Circuits System
Ring.
First aspect, the present invention provides a kind of Circuits System, including: N section transmission line, described N >=2；
Wherein, described N section transmission line has the impedance that M kind is different, described N >=M >=2, described M kind
Different impedances meets preset function relation, the impedance correspondence M kind difference live width that described M kind is different
Transmission line；
In the transmission line of described M kind difference impedance, copper cash is set in the both sides of low impedance transmission line,
Described copper cash ground connection；
Wherein, the copper cash that described low impedance transmission line and described low impedance transmission line both sides are arranged is formed altogether
Face waveguiding structure, so that linewidth error is on the impact of the degree of coupling of described low impedance transmission line and described line
The impact of the degree of coupling of high-impedance transmission line can be cancelled out each other by wide error.
In conjunction with first aspect, in the first possible implementation of first aspect, in described live width
When error is underetching causing, the live width of described low impedance transmission line is less than standard low impedance transmission line
Live width, the live width of described low impedance transmission line is first with the difference of the live width of standard low impedance transmission line
Difference；
The live width of described high-impedance transmission line is less than the live width of standard high-impedance transmission line, described high impedance
The difference of the live width of the live width of transmission line and standard high-impedance transmission line is the second difference, described second poor
It is worth identical with described first difference；
The live width of described copper cash is less than the live width of standard copper wire, the live width of described copper cash and described standard copper
The difference of the live width of line is the 3rd difference, and described 3rd difference is identical with described first difference；
Actual pitch between described copper cash and described low impedance transmission line is more than normal pitch.
In conjunction with first aspect, in the implementation that the second of first aspect is possible, in described live width
Error is overetch when causing, and the live width of described low impedance transmission line is more than standard low impedance transmission line
Live width, the live width of described low impedance transmission line is the 4th with the difference of the live width of standard low impedance transmission line
Difference；
The live width of described high-impedance transmission line is more than the live width of standard high-impedance transmission line, described high impedance
The difference of the live width of the live width of transmission line and standard high-impedance transmission line is the 5th difference, described 5th poor
It is worth identical with described 4th difference；
The live width of described copper cash is more than the live width of standard copper wire, the live width of described copper cash and described standard copper
The difference of the live width of line is the 6th difference, and described 6th difference is identical with described 4th difference；
Actual pitch between described copper cash and described low impedance transmission line is less than normal pitch.
In conjunction with first aspect, the first or any one possible implementation of the second of first aspect
In, in the third possible implementation of first aspect, described transmission line is microstrip line or banding
Line.
In conjunction with the third possible implementation of first aspect, possible the 4th kind of first aspect
In implementation, described N is equal to 4, and described M is equal to 2；
Wherein, the described Circuits System of 4 sections of transmission line compositions is two branch directional couplers.
In conjunction with the third possible implementation of first aspect, possible the 5th kind of first aspect
In implementation, described N is equal to 5, and described M is equal to 3；
Wherein, the described Circuits System of 5 sections of transmission line compositions is three branch directional couplers.
In conjunction with the third possible implementation of first aspect, possible the 6th kind of first aspect
In implementation, described N is equal to 4, and described M is equal to 4；
Wherein, the described Circuits System of 4 sections of transmission line compositions is unequal power distributor；
The described both sides in low impedance transmission line arrange copper cash, including:
In the transmission line that 4 kinds of impedances are different, pass at the one of which Low ESR in addition to impedance matching line
The both sides of defeated line arrange copper cash.
The Circuits System that the embodiment of the present invention provides, including: N section transmission line, N >=2；N section transmission line
Having the impedance that M kind is different, N >=M >=2, the impedance that M kind is different meets preset function relation, M kind
The transmission line of different impedance correspondence M kind difference live widths；In the transmission line of M kind difference live width,
The both sides of low impedance transmission line arrange copper cash, copper cash ground connection；Low impedance transmission line and low impedance transmission line two
The copper cash that side is arranged forms coplanar waveguide structure so that the feelings that the transmission line of each impedance exists in mismachining tolerance
Still meeting preset function relation under condition, linewidth error is on the impact of the degree of coupling of low impedance transmission line and line
The impact of the degree of coupling of high-impedance transmission line can be cancelled out each other by wide error, it is to avoid in PCB manufacturing process
The impact that Circuits System performance is produced by linewidth error.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to reality
Execute the required accompanying drawing used in example or description of the prior art to be briefly described, it should be apparent that under,
Accompanying drawing during face describes is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art,
On the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of Circuits System embodiment one of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the admittance schematic diagram of the Circuits System shown in Fig. 1 embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the schematic cross-section of the Circuits System shown in Fig. 1 embodiment；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation one of the exemplary circuitry of prior art；
Fig. 5 is that the degree of coupling tolerance emulation of the exemplary circuitry of the prior art shown in Fig. 4 embodiment is shown
It is intended to one；
Fig. 6 is the degree of coupling tolerance emulation schematic diagram of the Circuits System shown in Fig. 1 embodiment；
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of Circuits System embodiment two of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the admittance schematic diagram of the Circuits System shown in Fig. 7 embodiment；
Fig. 9 is the structural representation two of the exemplary circuitry of prior art；
Figure 10 is that the degree of coupling tolerance emulation of the exemplary circuitry of the prior art shown in Fig. 9 embodiment is shown
It is intended to two；
Figure 11 is the degree of coupling tolerance emulation schematic diagram of the Circuits System shown in Fig. 7 embodiment；
Figure 12 is the structural representation of Circuits System embodiment three of the present invention；
Figure 13 is each section of impedance schematic diagram of the Circuits System shown in Figure 12 embodiment；
Figure 14 is the structural representation three of the exemplary circuitry of prior art；
Figure 15 is the degree of coupling tolerance emulation of the exemplary circuitry of the prior art shown in Figure 14 embodiment
Schematic diagram three；
Figure 16 is the degree of coupling tolerance emulation schematic diagram of the Circuits System shown in Figure 12 embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the purpose of the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with this
Accompanying drawing in bright embodiment, is clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention,
Obviously, described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under not making creative work premise
The every other embodiment obtained, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of Circuits System embodiment one of the present invention.As it is shown in figure 1, the present invention is real
The Circuits System that executing example provides includes: N section transmission line, described N >=2；The present embodiment for the ease of describe,
N shown in Fig. 1 is equal to 4, and M is equal to 2.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the transmission line of the Circuits System related in the present embodiment does not includes
Feeding transmission line.Transmission line in the present embodiment can be microstrip line or strip line, wherein, works as transmission line
When being microstrip line, the structure of typical microstrip line be microstrip line and with reference between ground with a kind of dielectric substrate every
Leave.When transmission line is strip line, the structure of typical strip line is that strip line is placed in two parallel ginsengs
Examine the centre of dielectric substrate between ground.In addition the transmission line in the present embodiment also includes multilayer dielectricity
Microstrip line, (medium or thickness) asymmetric strip line etc..Concrete for the transmission line in the present embodiment
Implementation, here is omitted for the present embodiment.
Wherein, described N section transmission line has the impedance that M kind is different, described N >=M >=2, described M
Planting different impedances and meet preset function relation, the impedance correspondence M kind that described M kind is different is the most collinear
Wide transmission line；
In the transmission line of described M kind difference live width, copper cash is set in the both sides of low impedance transmission line,
Described copper cash ground connection.
In FIG, the structure of the Circuits System that 4 sections of transmission lines are corresponding is two branch directional couplers.4 sections
Transmission line is respectively Z1Two corresponding transmission lines, Z2Two corresponding transmission lines.
Specifically, two branch directional coupler functions are that according to certain power proportions, input signal is divided into two
Road exports；Such as 1 port is input port, then 3 ports, 4 ports are output port, output signal
Power sharing ratio is according to branch line impedance Z1And impedance Z2Determining, 2 ports are isolated port, do not have in theory
Signal is had to export.4 sections of transmission lines in two branch directional couplers have 2 kinds of different impedances, and 2 kinds are not
Same impedance meets preset function relation, the transmission line of 2 kinds of corresponding 2 kinds of different live widths of different impedances.
During implementing, the corresponding identical high impedance of transmission line that two lines width in Fig. 1 is thinner
Value, the corresponding identical low impedance value of transmission line that two lines width is thicker, therefore, the present embodiment includes high resistant
Resist and 2 kinds of impedances of Low ESR.Specifically, the preset function relation that these 2 kinds of different impedances meet, can
In the admittance corresponding to be embodied in impedance.Wherein, admittance is the general designation of conductance and susceptance, at power electronics
In, admittance is defined as the inverse of impedance.Admittance is a plural number, real part be referred to as conductance, and imaginary part is referred to as
Susceptance；Impedance is commonly used Z and is represented, is also a plural number, and real part is referred to as resistance, and imaginary part is referred to as reactance.
Fig. 2 is the admittance schematic diagram of the Circuits System shown in Fig. 1 embodiment.As in figure 2 it is shown, high impedance
Corresponding admittance is G, and the admittance that Low ESR is corresponding is H, admittance A correspondence feeding transmission line, and feed passes
The impedance of defeated line is 50 Ω, act as in test process, is arranged on port, is used for realizing feed procedures,
Wherein, G and H meets following preset function relation:
H2=1+G2 (1)
In fig. 2, U1It is the input voltage of 1 port, U3It is the output voltage of 3 ports, U4It is 4
The output voltage of port.U3And U4Meet following relation:
U3/U4=2G/ (1-G2+H2) (2)
If the design power of this two branch directional coupler is 4dB than for 8dB, i.e. voltage ratio, according to
10log(U4/U3)=4dB calculates to obtain U4/U3=2.5, calculate further according to formula (1) and PCB medium substrate material
8dB bis-branch directional coupler is respectively by 46.4 Ω low impedance transmission line and 125 Ω high-impedance transmission line groups
Become.
Please continue to refer to Fig. 1, live width w of the transmission line that both threads width is thicker2=35mil, corresponding low-resistance
Anti-value Z2=46.4 Ω, live width w of the transmission line that both threads width is thinner1=4mil, corresponding high impedance value
Z1=125 Ω.
At low impedance transmission line (Z2Corresponding transmission line) both sides copper cash is set, then low-impedance transmission
The copper cash that line and low impedance transmission line both sides are arranged forms coplanar waveguide structure.Those skilled in the art can
To understand, in the present embodiment, the copper cash that low impedance transmission line both sides are arranged, this copper cash can be in low-resistance
The lateral symmetry of anti-transmission line is arranged, it is also possible to asymmetric setting, the present embodiment is to the copper cash side of setting
Formula, is not particularly limited.In the present embodiment, for the ease of describing and explanation, copper cash is at Low ESR
The lateral symmetry of transmission line is arranged, spacing d=10mil of copper cash distance low impedance transmission line.
Fig. 3 is the schematic cross-section of the Circuits System shown in Fig. 1 embodiment.In figure 3,1 represent
Transmission line, 2 represent with reference to ground, and 3 represent dielectric substrate.H transmission line to reference to ground distance, h=20mil.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation one of the exemplary circuitry of prior art.The difference of Fig. 4 Yu Fig. 1
For, copper cash is not set in the both sides of low impedance transmission line.Incorporated by reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, at Low ESR
When the both sides of transmission line are not provided with copper cash, Z2=46.4 Ω, w2=48mil.In low impedance transmission line
After both sides arrange copper cash, Z2=46.4 Ω, w2=35mil.Although i.e. Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 low impedance transmission line
Live width different, but after the both sides of low impedance transmission line arrange copper cash, resistance value is identical.Now,
The live width that live width is standard low impedance transmission line of the anti-transmission line of Fig. 1 medium or low resistance, high-impedance transmission line
Live width is the live width of standard high-impedance transmission line, and the live width of copper cash is the live width of standard copper wire, Low ESR
Spacing between transmission line and copper cash is normal pitch, i.e. arranges copper cash in low impedance transmission line both sides
Time, the resistance value of low impedance transmission line and the resistance value phase that copper cash is not set in low impedance transmission line both sides
Meanwhile, the live width of low impedance transmission line, high-impedance transmission line and copper cash, it is standard live width,
Away from for normal pitch.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the set-up mode regardless of copper cash, only
After low impedance transmission line both sides to be ensured arrange copper cash, the impedance of low impedance transmission line and low-impedance transmission
The impedance that the both sides of line are not provided with copper cash is identical.
In concrete application process, the PCB back side retains complete Copper Foil as with reference to ground；PCB front
Copper Foil forms the figure needed for two branch directional couplers by etching mode.By adapter or cable
1 port of two branch directional couplers, 2 ports, 3 ports, 4 ports are connected from PCB front
For output port, antenna even load device can be connected, it is also possible to export with adapter or wireline test
The working condition of port.
And in the PCB manufacturing process of prior art, overetch and underetching situation occur, line
The performance of transmission line in Circuits System is had by wide error obviously to be affected.Fig. 5 is Fig. 4 embodiment
The degree of coupling tolerance emulation schematic diagram one of the exemplary circuitry of shown prior art.As shown in Figure 5,
When linewidth error be ± 2mil time, in 1.7GHz～2.15GHz frequency range, exemplary circuitry
Degree of coupling range of tolerable variance be ± 0.75dB.
And in the present embodiment, do not change PCB layer folded on the premise of, PCB can be avoided to make
The impact that in journey, Circuits System performance is produced by linewidth error.Specifically, according to formula (1) and (2)
High-impedance transmission line and low impedance transmission line can be derived under Similar trend to Circuits System
The impact of the degree of coupling contrary.When i.e. the live width of low impedance transmission line increases, the degree of coupling increases, high resistant
When the live width of anti-transmission line increases, the degree of coupling reduces.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that Low ESR
Transmission line is relatively big due to live width, when changing the live width of low impedance transmission line, and the coupling of low impedance transmission line
Right change sensitivity is low, and high-impedance transmission line is relatively thin due to live width, is changing high-impedance transmission line
During live width, the degree of coupling change sensitivity of high-impedance transmission line is higher.
In order to improve the degree of coupling change sensitivity of low impedance transmission line, in the both sides of low impedance transmission line
Arranging copper cash, form coplanar waveguide structure, coplanar waveguide structure can improve the coupling of low impedance transmission line
Right change sensitivity, finally make the transmission line of two kinds of impedances in the presence of mismachining tolerance still
Meeting preset function relation, linewidth error is on the impact of the degree of coupling of low impedance transmission line and linewidth error
Impact on the degree of coupling of high-impedance transmission line can be cancelled out each other, it is to avoid PCB manufacturing process center line
The impact that Circuits System performance is produced by wide error.
Further, according to PCB manufacturing process it is known that work as and PCB manufacturing process occurs owe
In the case of etching or being overetched, the live width of each section of transmission line and the live width of copper cash are with same trend
Change, copper cash is then contrary Long-term change trend with the spacing of low impedance transmission line.
During implementing, please in combination with Fig. 1 and Fig. 6, Fig. 6 is shown in Fig. 1 embodiment
Circuits System the degree of coupling tolerance emulation schematic diagram.In PCB manufacturing process, live width processes
Time the most underetching, i.e. linewidth error is underetching causing, it is assumed that linewidth error is equal to-2mil, now,
W in Fig. 11、w2, and the width of copper cash all reduce 2mil, now, the line of low impedance transmission line
The wide live width less than standard low impedance transmission line, the live width of low impedance transmission line and standard low-impedance transmission
The difference of the live width of line is the first difference-2mil；The live width of high-impedance transmission line passes less than standard high impedance
The live width of defeated line, the difference of the live width of the live width of high-impedance transmission line and standard high-impedance transmission line is the
Two difference-2mil, the second difference is identical with the first difference；The live width of copper cash is less than the live width of standard copper wire,
The live width of copper cash is the 3rd difference-2mil with the difference of the live width of standard copper wire, and the 3rd difference is poor with first
It is worth identical；Actual pitch between copper cash and low impedance transmission line is more than normal pitch, actual pitch
=10-(-2-2)/2=12mil.Further, phase is reduced when low impedance transmission line and high-impedance transmission line
With live width time, the copper cash that low impedance transmission line and both sides are arranged forms coplanar waveguide structure, due to low
Impedance transmission lines changes with the spacing of the copper cash that both sides are arranged, and copper cash ground connection, then have adjusted low
Impedance transmission lines is to the distance on ground, both sides, thus have adjusted the impedance rate of change of low impedance transmission line, makes
The degree of coupling obtaining low impedance transmission line reduces, and the degree of coupling of high-impedance transmission line increases, the coupling of increase
Degree and the degree of coupling reduced are offset, it is ensured that the degree of coupling is not affected by linewidth error.
In PCB manufacturing process, when overetch occurs in live width processing, i.e. linewidth error is overetch
Cause, it is assumed that linewidth error is equal to 2mil, now, the w in Fig. 11、w2, and the width of copper cash
All increase 2mil.Now, the live width of low impedance transmission line is more than the live width of standard low impedance transmission line,
The live width of low impedance transmission line is the 4th difference 2mil with the difference of the live width of standard low impedance transmission line；
The live width of high-impedance transmission line is more than the live width of standard high-impedance transmission line, the live width of high-impedance transmission line
It is the 5th difference 2mil with the difference of the live width of standard high-impedance transmission line, the 5th difference 2mil and
Four differences 2mil are identical；The live width of copper cash is more than the live width of standard copper wire, the live width of copper cash and standard copper
The difference of the live width of line is the 6th difference 2mil, and the 6th difference 2mil and the 4th difference 2mil are identical；
Actual pitch between copper cash and low impedance transmission line is less than normal pitch, actual pitch=10-(2+2)
/ 2=8mil.Further, when low impedance transmission line increases identical live width with high-impedance transmission line,
The copper cash that low impedance transmission line and both sides are arranged forms coplanar waveguide structure, due to low impedance transmission line with
The spacing of the copper cash that both sides are arranged changes, and copper cash ground connection, then have adjusted low impedance transmission line and arrive
The distance on ground, both sides, thus have adjusted the impedance rate of change of low impedance transmission line so that low-impedance transmission
The degree of coupling change sensitivity of line improves, with the degree of coupling change degree sensitivity phase of high-impedance transmission line
When, so that the degree of coupling of low impedance transmission line increases, the degree of coupling of high-impedance transmission line reduces,
The degree of coupling increased and the degree of coupling of minimizing are offset, it is ensured that the degree of coupling is not affected by linewidth error.
To sum up, due to high-impedance transmission line and low impedance transmission line under the variation tendency of identical live width right
The impact of the degree of coupling is contrary, and then tolerance performance obtains and significantly promotes.When linewidth error is ± 2mil
Time, in 1.7GHz～2.15GHz frequency range, the degree of coupling range of tolerable variance shown in Fig. 6 is ± 0.02
Circuits System degree of coupling range of tolerable variance ± 0.75dB shown in dB, Fig. 5, compares and Fig. 5, this enforcement
The tolerance performance of example greatly improves, satisfactory for result, fully meets the requirement of tolerance performance boost, it is to avoid
The impact that in PCB manufacturing process, Circuits System performance is produced by linewidth error.
The Circuits System that the embodiment of the present invention provides, including: N section transmission line, N >=2；N section transmission line
Having the impedance that M kind is different, N >=M >=2, the impedance that M kind is different meets preset function relation, M kind
The transmission line of different impedance correspondence M kind difference live widths；In the transmission line of M kind difference live width,
The both sides of low impedance transmission line arrange copper cash, copper cash ground connection；Low impedance transmission line and low impedance transmission line two
The copper cash that side is arranged forms coplanar waveguide structure so that the feelings that the transmission line of each impedance exists in mismachining tolerance
Still meeting preset function relation under condition, linewidth error is on the impact of the degree of coupling of low impedance transmission line and line
The impact of the degree of coupling of high-impedance transmission line can be cancelled out each other by wide error, it is to avoid in PCB manufacturing process
The impact that Circuits System performance is produced by linewidth error.
In Fig. 1 embodiment, for convenience of description, with N equal to 4, M is equal to 2 pairs of embodiment of the present invention
It has been described in detail.During implementing, the value of M and N, it is also possible to for other value, basis
The Circuits System of the present invention again as a example by two specific embodiments, is described in detail by embodiment at this.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of Circuits System embodiment two of the present invention, in the present embodiment, described N
Equal to 5, described M is equal to 3；The Circuits System of 5 sections of transmission line formation is three branch directional couplers.5
Section transmission line is respectively Z1A corresponding transmission lines, Z2Two corresponding transmission lines, Z3Corresponding two
Transmission line.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the transmission line of the Circuits System related in the present embodiment
Do not include feeding transmission line
This three branch directional couplers function is that according to certain power proportions, input signal is divided into two-way
Output；Such as 1 port is input port, then 3 ports, 4 ports are output port, output signal
Power sharing ratio according to branch line impedance Z2And Z3Determining, 2 ports are isolated port, theoretical
On do not have signal to export.
Fig. 8 is the admittance schematic diagram of the Circuits System shown in Fig. 7 embodiment.As shown in Figure 8, impedance Z1
Corresponding admittance is G2, impedance Z2Corresponding admittance G1, impedance Z3Corresponding admittance H.Admittance A correspondence is presented
Electric transmission line, the impedance of feeding transmission line is 50 Ω, act as in test process, is arranged on port,
For realizing feed procedures.The preset function relation that these 3 kinds of different impedances meet, can be embodied in resistance
In the admittance of anti-correspondence.G1、G2Following preset function relation is met with H:
G2=2G1H2/(1+G1 2) (3)
In fig. 8, U1It is the input voltage of 1 port, U3It is the output voltage of 3 ports, U4It is 4
The output voltage of port.U3And U4Meet following relation:
U3/U4=[2G1H2+G2(1-G1 2)]/2(H2-G1G2) (4)
The 3dB that can calculate three branch directional couplers according to formula (3) and formula (4) couples bar
Part (i.e. 3,4 port constant power output) is G1=21/2-1, H2=21/2G2, generally take H=G2=21/2。
In conjunction with PCB medium substrate material context, obtain the broadband 3dB tri-branch directional coupling shown in Fig. 7
Clutch circuit includes 3 kinds of impedances, the transmission line of corresponding 3 kinds of live widths, respectively impedance Z1=50 Ω,
Corresponding live width is w1=43mil, the corresponding identical high impedance value of transmission line that other two lines width is thinner
Z2=121 Ω, live width w2=6mil, the corresponding identical low impedance value of transmission line that two lines width is thicker
Z3=35.4 Ω, live width w3=62mil.Corresponding PCB sectional view is similar with Fig. 3.Wherein, three branch
Directional coupler has with wide feature compared with two branch directional couplers, and the PCB back side retains complete
Copper Foil is as with reference to ground；From PCB front, connect three branch directionals by adapter or cable to couple
1 port of device, 2 ports, 3 ports, 4 ports are output port, can connect antenna even load
Device, it is also possible to by adapter or the working condition of wireline test output port.
Fig. 9 is the structural representation two of the exemplary circuitry of prior art.The difference of Fig. 9 Yu Fig. 7
For, copper cash is not set in the both sides of low impedance transmission line.Incorporated by reference to Fig. 7 and Fig. 9, at Low ESR
When the both sides of transmission line are not provided with copper cash, Z3=35.4 Ω, w3=63.5mil.In low impedance transmission line
Both sides copper cash is set after, copper cash distance low impedance transmission line spacing d=10mil, Z3=35.4 Ω,
w3=62mil.Although the live width of i.e. Fig. 7 with Fig. 9 low impedance transmission line is different, but pass at Low ESR
After the both sides of defeated line arrange copper cash, resistance value is identical.Now, the live width of the anti-transmission line of Fig. 7 medium or low resistance
For the live width of standard low impedance transmission line, the live width of high-impedance transmission line is standard high-impedance transmission line
Live width, the live width of copper cash is the live width of standard copper wire, and the spacing between low impedance transmission line and copper cash is
Normal pitch.
And in PCB manufacturing process, overetch and underetching situation occurring, linewidth error is to electricity
In the system of road, the performance of transmission line has obviously affects.Figure 10 is showing shown in Fig. 9 embodiment
There is the degree of coupling tolerance emulation schematic diagram two of the exemplary circuitry of technology, as shown in Figure 10, work as line
During wide error ± 2mil, in 1.7GHz～2.15GHz frequency range, the coupling of exemplary circuitry
Degree range of tolerable variance is ± 0.55dB.
Figure 11 is the degree of coupling tolerance emulation schematic diagram of the Circuits System shown in Fig. 7 embodiment, such as figure
Shown in 11, the Circuits System of the present embodiment, do not change PCB layer folded on the premise of, use Low ESR
The copper cash that transmission line and low impedance transmission line both sides are arranged forms coplanar waveguide structure, when linewidth error ± 2
During mil, in 1.7GHz～2.15GHz frequency range, degree of coupling range of tolerable variance shown in Fig. 9 is ± 0.04
DB, and the exemplary circuitry degree of coupling range of tolerable variance ± 0.55dB shown in Figure 10, it follows that
The present embodiment makes the tolerance performance of pcb board greatly improve, satisfactory for result, fully meets tolerance performance
The requirement promoted, it is to avoid the impact that in PCB manufacturing process, Circuits System performance is produced by linewidth error.
For concrete principle and technique effect, refer to N and be equal to 4, the M embodiment equal to 2, this reality
Here is omitted to execute example.
Figure 12 is the structural representation of Circuits System embodiment three of the present invention, in the present embodiment, institute
Stating N and be equal to 4, described M is equal to 4；Wherein, the described Circuits System of 4 sections of transmission line formation is not
Equal power.4 sections of transmission lines are respectively Z21A corresponding transmission lines, Z22Corresponding one
Transmission lines, Z31A corresponding transmission lines, Z32A corresponding transmission lines.People in the art
Member is appreciated that the transmission line of the Circuits System related in the present embodiment does not include feeding transmission line.
Figure 13 is each section of impedance schematic diagram of the Circuits System shown in Figure 12 embodiment.Not decile
(Wilkinson) function of power divider is that according to certain power proportions, input signal is divided into two
Road exports, and i.e. 1 port is input port, and 2 ports, 3 ports are output port, output signal
Power sharing ratio is according to branch line impedance Z21And Z31Determine.
If the power ratio between 2 ports and 3 ports is K2=P3/P2, then 5 kinds of impedance (Z0、Z21、
Z22、Z31、Z32) meet following preset function relation:
Z31=Z0[(1+K2)/K3]1/2 (5)
Z21=K2Z31=Z0[K(1+K2)]1/2 (6)
Z22=Z0(K)1/2 (7)
Z32=Z0/(K)1/2 (8)
According to formula (5) to (8) and combine PCB medium substrate material, arranged by each port
One section of Z0The feeding transmission line of=50 Ω feeds, by the pro rate of 4dB to 2 ports, 3 ends
Two branch circuit impedances of mouth are respectively Z21=47 Ω and Z31=117 Ω, corresponding live width is respectively
w21=35mil and w31=5.7mil.Wherein low impedance transmission line meets one section of Z22The impedance matching of=40 Ω
Line, live width w22=59mil, high-impedance transmission line meets one section of Z32The impedance matching line of=62.8, live width
w32=29mil.Corresponding PCB sectional view is similar with Fig. 3.The power divider of the present embodiment have employed
One side PCB construction, the PCB back side retains complete Copper Foil as with reference to ground；PCB front copper foil is led to
Overetch mode forms the figure needed for power divider.By adapter or cable from PCB front
1 port of upper connection power divider, 2 ports, 3 ports are output port, can connect antenna
Even load device, it is also possible to by adapter or the working condition of wireline test output port.
Figure 14 is the structural representation three of the exemplary circuitry of prior art.Figure 14's Yu Figure 12
It is distinguished as, copper cash is not set in the both sides of low impedance transmission line.Incorporated by reference to Figure 12 and Figure 14,
When the both sides of low impedance transmission line are not provided with copper cash, Z21=47 Ω, w21=47mil.Pass at Low ESR
After the both sides of defeated line arrange copper cash, spacing d=10mil of copper cash distance low impedance transmission line, Z21=47 Ω,
w21=35mil.Although the live width of i.e. Figure 12 with Figure 14 low impedance transmission line is different, but at Low ESR
After the both sides of transmission line arrange copper cash, resistance value is identical.Now, Figure 12 medium or low resistance anti-transmission line
Live width is the live width of standard low impedance transmission line, and the live width of high-impedance transmission line is the transmission of standard high impedance
The live width of line, the live width of copper cash is the live width of standard copper wire, between low impedance transmission line and copper cash between
Away from for normal pitch.
And in PCB manufacturing process, overetch and underetching situation occurring, linewidth error is to electricity
In the system of road, the performance of transmission line has obviously affects.Figure 15 is showing shown in Figure 14 embodiment
There is the degree of coupling tolerance emulation schematic diagram three of the exemplary circuitry of technology, as shown in Figure 15, work as line
During wide error ± 2mil, in 1.7GHz～2.15GHz frequency range, the coupling of exemplary circuitry
Degree range of tolerable variance is ± 0.5dB.
Figure 16 is the degree of coupling tolerance emulation schematic diagram of the Circuits System shown in Figure 12 embodiment, such as figure
Shown in 16, the Circuits System of the present embodiment, do not change PCB layer folded on the premise of, use Low ESR
The copper cash that transmission line and low impedance transmission line both sides are arranged forms coplanar waveguide structure, when linewidth error ± 2
During mil, in 1.7GHz～2.15GHz frequency range, the present embodiment degree of coupling range of tolerable variance is ± 0.1
Degree of coupling range of tolerable variance ± the 0.5dB of dB, the relatively Circuits System shown in Figure 15, tolerance performance significantly changes
Kind, satisfactory for result, fully meet the requirement of tolerance performance boost, it is to avoid PCB manufacturing process center line
The impact that Circuits System performance is produced by wide error.For concrete principle and technique effect, refer to
N is equal to 4, and the M embodiment equal to 2, here is omitted for the present embodiment.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that during implementing, M's and N in the present embodiment
Value, however it is not limited to the value listed by the present embodiment, it is also possible to for other value, the present embodiment is herein
It is not particularly limited.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: realize all or part of step of above-mentioned each method embodiment
Suddenly can be completed by the hardware that programmed instruction is relevant.Aforesaid program can be stored in a computer can
Read in storage medium.This program upon execution, performs to include the step of above-mentioned each method embodiment；And
Aforesaid storage medium includes: ROM, RAM, magnetic disc or CD etc. are various can store program code
Medium.
Last it is noted that various embodiments above is only in order to illustrate technical scheme, rather than right
It limits；Although the present invention being described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments, this area common
Skilled artisans appreciate that the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments still can be modified by it,
Or the most some or all of technical characteristic is carried out equivalent；And these amendments or replacement, and
The essence not making appropriate technical solution departs from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (7)
1. a Circuits System, it is characterised in that including: N section transmission line, described N >=2；
Wherein, described N section transmission line has the impedance that M kind is different, described N >=M >=2, described M kind
Different impedances meets preset function relation, the impedance correspondence M kind difference live width that described M kind is different
Transmission line；
In the transmission line of described M kind difference impedance, copper cash is set in the both sides of low impedance transmission line,
Described copper cash ground connection；
Wherein, the copper cash that described low impedance transmission line and described low impedance transmission line both sides are arranged is formed altogether
Face waveguiding structure, so that the impact of the degree of coupling of described low impedance transmission line is missed by linewidth error with live width
The impact of the degree of coupling of high-impedance transmission line can be cancelled out each other by difference.
Circuits System the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be deficient at linewidth error
When etching causes, the live width of described low impedance transmission line is less than the live width of standard low impedance transmission line, institute
The difference stating the live width of low impedance transmission line and the live width of standard low impedance transmission line is the first difference；
The live width of described high-impedance transmission line is less than the live width of standard high-impedance transmission line, described high impedance
The difference of the live width of the live width of transmission line and standard high-impedance transmission line is the second difference, described second poor
It is worth identical with described first difference；
The live width of described copper cash is less than the live width of standard copper wire, the live width of described copper cash and described standard copper
The difference of the live width of line is the 3rd difference, and described 3rd difference is identical with described first difference；
Actual pitch between described copper cash and described low impedance transmission line is more than normal pitch.
Circuits System the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be at linewidth error
When etching causes, the live width of described low impedance transmission line is more than the live width of standard low impedance transmission line, institute
The difference stating the live width of low impedance transmission line and the live width of standard low impedance transmission line is the 4th difference；
The live width of described high-impedance transmission line is more than the live width of standard high-impedance transmission line, described high impedance
The difference of the live width of the live width of transmission line and standard high-impedance transmission line is the 5th difference, described 5th poor
It is worth identical with described 4th difference；
The live width of described copper cash is more than the live width of standard copper wire, the live width of described copper cash and described standard copper
The difference of the live width of line is the 6th difference, and described 6th difference is identical with described 4th difference；
Actual pitch between described copper cash and described low impedance transmission line is less than normal pitch.
4. according to the Circuits System described in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that described
Transmission line is microstrip line or strip line.
Circuits System the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described N is equal to 4,
Described M is equal to 2；
Wherein, the described Circuits System of 4 sections of transmission line compositions is two branch directional couplers.
Circuits System the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described N is equal to 5,
Described M is equal to 3；
Wherein, the described Circuits System of 5 sections of transmission line compositions is three branch directional couplers.
Circuits System the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described N is equal to 4,
Described M is equal to 4；
Wherein, the described Circuits System of 4 sections of transmission line compositions is unequal power distributor；
The described both sides in low impedance transmission line arrange copper cash, including:
In the transmission line that 4 kinds of impedances are different, at the one of which Low ESR in addition to impedance matching line
The both sides of transmission line arrange copper cash.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN201310750542.6A CN103702510B (en) | 2013-12-31 | 2013-12-31 | Circuits System |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310750542.6A CN103702510B (en) | 2013-12-31 | 2013-12-31 | Circuits System |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003218614A (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2003-07-31 | New Japan Radio Co Ltd | Directional coupler |
| CN101656343A (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2010-02-24 | 电子科技大学 | Power divider with new structure |
| CN102361151A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-02-22 | 大连海事大学 | Asymmetrical coplanar waveguide cross directional coupler |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20040073131A (en) * | 2003-02-13 | 2004-08-19 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Photonic band gap coplanar waveguide and manufacturing method thereof |
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2013
- 2013-12-31 CN CN201310750542.6A patent/CN103702510B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003218614A (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2003-07-31 | New Japan Radio Co Ltd | Directional coupler |
| CN101656343A (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2010-02-24 | 电子科技大学 | Power divider with new structure |
| CN102361151A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-02-22 | 大连海事大学 | Asymmetrical coplanar waveguide cross directional coupler |
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| CN103702510A (en) | 2014-04-02 |
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