CN103701538A - Attenuation measuring method for waveguide system - Google Patents
Attenuation measuring method for waveguide system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103701538A CN103701538A CN201310714632.XA CN201310714632A CN103701538A CN 103701538 A CN103701538 A CN 103701538A CN 201310714632 A CN201310714632 A CN 201310714632A CN 103701538 A CN103701538 A CN 103701538A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an attenuation measuring method for a waveguide system. The attenuation measuring method comprises the steps: connecting a measured attenuator with a frequency mixer and a known attenuation device in series; enabling a radio frequency signal to pass through the measured attenuator so as to generate an attenuated radio frequency signal; performing frequency mixing on the attenuated radio frequency signal and a local oscillation signal which has the same time base as the radio frequency signal; through using series intermediate frequency substitution method, measuring the attenuation quantity of the measured attenuator by adopting a quadrature correlation detection method and by taking a frequency-divided time base signal as a reference signal. According to the method, the measurement on the attenuation of 3mm and 5mm frequency bands of millimeter waves can be realized, the method is simple, and low in cost, the weak signal detection problem of a phase-locked amplifier can be solved, and the detection sensitivity and accuracy of the system can be enhanced. Therefore, the attenuation measuring method for the waveguide system is not only applicable to attenuation measurement systems of 50GHz-110GHz millimeter waves, but also applicable to attenuation measurement systems of other frequency bands.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of measurement, particularly a kind of attenuation measuring technique for Wave guide system.
Background technology
Decay is an extremely important and universal parameter in radio field, the degree that its amplitude that has characterized radio signal weakens in transmitting procedure.Attenuation measurement has consequence in Radio Measurements, can be power, voltage, frequency spectrum, S parameter etc. the approach of tracing to the source is provided, so all pay much attention to attenuation parameter establishment of standard both at home and abroad.The most frequently used method of attenuation measurement is method of substitution, by comparing the decay of measuring measured piece with standard attenuator.Conventionally the mark method of building adopting has radio frequency method of substitution, intermediate frequency and Low Medium Frequency method of substitution etc.Radio frequency method of substitution, compares the attenuation of tested attenuation and the standard attenuator on same frequency exactly, realizes the method for attenuation measurement.Its advantage is that range can be very large, but its shortcoming is to have the standard attenuator with measured piece same frequency, and the current difficult radio frequency standard attenuator of manufacturing accuracy can be same high with intermediate frequency standard attenuator still, so radio frequency method of substitution is not method the most accurately in attenuation measurement.Intermediate frequency and Low Medium Frequency method of substitution, be transformed into fixing intermediate frequency and Low Medium Frequency signal with conversion method by microwave or high-frequency signal exactly linearly, by the attenuation of the very high intermediate frequency standard attenuator of accuracy, substitutes tested attenuation.The attenuation standard that in world wide, majority state is set up is at present to work in the inductive voltage divider of audio frequency as the attenuation standard device of the series connection Low Medium Frequency method of substitution of Low Medium Frequency standard attenuator.But along with the rising of frequency, the power reduction of signal source output, in order to meet dynamic range and the accuracy of measurement of attenuation measurement, obtains stable for example for the difficulty of the Low Medium Frequency signal of audio signal is increasing.Simultaneously for meeting dynamic range and the accuracy requirement of measuring, the method that intermediate-frequency receiver for example uses lock-in amplifier need to take coherent detection to receive conventionally.And the method that will adopt coherent detection to receive is necessary for lock-in amplifier a reference signal is provided.This reference signal and measured signal are that the audio frequency output of frequency mixer should have identical frequency jitter, and this relevant detection to small-signal is extremely important.Therefore, the frequency information that lock-in amplifier need to provide according to reference signal, can detect and small-signal with frequency of Measurement accuracy.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of attenuation measuring technique for Wave guide system, to solve the Measurement accuracy problem of 5mm, the decay of 3mm frequency range, solved in measuring process simultaneously and because measurement mechanism reference signal is different from measured signal frequency jitter, caused detection signal to disturb, the problem that system detectability reduces.
For addressing the above problem, the invention provides a kind of attenuation measuring technique for Wave guide system, this attenuation measuring technique comprises
Tested attenuator is connected in series with known attenuating device and frequency mixer successively;
Radiofrequency signal is produced to the radiofrequency signal of decay through tested attenuator signal;
By this deamplification and with the local oscillation signal mixing of the synchronic base of described radiofrequency signal;
With series connection intermediate frequency, substitute the method step of test, using the time-base signal through frequency division as with reference to signal, adopt Orthogonal correlation detection method to measure the attenuation of tested attenuator.
Preferably, the method further comprises the signal after mixing is amplified and filtering.
Preferably, it is further comprising the steps that described series connection intermediate frequency substitutes the method for testing
By the initial decay amount that is set to of tested attenuator;
Described known adjustable attenuator is placed in to initial value;
Regulate the gain of phase-locked checkout gear and the signal level of radio-frequency signal source, record reaches the level value of balance to the quadrature detection of deamplification;
Tested attenuator is set to tested state;
By regulating known variable attenuator, the attenuation of record corresponding known variable attenuator when the detection of deamplification is obtained to described level value.
Preferably, described reference signal is time-base signal frequency division to be had to the signal frequency of same frequency shake to the output signal with described frequency mixer.
Preferably, described reference signal is by time-base signal frequency division to 2
12the signal doubly obtaining.
Preferably, the be set to+10dBm of output level in described local oscillation signal source.
Preferably, in described difference frequency process, will keep linearly the amplitude characteristic of radiofrequency signal constant.
Preferably, the time-base signal that described local oscillation signal source produces is 10MHz.
Preferably, described Orthogonal correlation detection method comprises and detects the phase place of described deamplification and described deamplification is carried out to the range value that low-pass filtering obtains deamplification.
Preferably, attenuation measuring technique according to claim 1: described known adjustable attenuator is inductive voltage divider, and the alternative method of described series connection intermediate frequency is further comprising the steps
Tested attenuator is set to initial decay amount A
0;
The voltage ratio of induction bleeder mechanism is set to initial value D
0;
Regulate the gain of phase-locked checkout gear and the signal level of radio-frequency signal source, record reaches the level value of balance to the quadrature detection of deamplification;
Tested attenuator is set to tested state, attenuation A
1;
By regulating the voltage ratio of inductive voltage divider, the voltage ratio D of inductive voltage divider when record obtains described level value to the quadrature detection of deamplification
1;
Utilize formula A
x=A
1-A
0=20log (D
1/ D
0) (dB), obtain the tested attenuation incrementation Ax of tested attenuator.
According to the method for the invention, can realize the measurement to 3mm, 5mm frequency range Attenuation, and method is simple, with low cost, has solved the Detection of Weak Signals problem of lock-in amplifier simultaneously, sensitivity and accuracy that raising system detects.Therefore the present invention is not only applicable to 50GHz～110GHz Attenuation measuring system, is applicable to other frequency range attenuation measurement system yet.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is shown a kind of schematic diagram for Attenuation measurement mechanism.
The output terminals A 1 of radiofrequency signal; The input A2 of deamplification;
1, local oscillation signal source, 2, first times of frequency module, 3, radio-frequency signal source, the 4, second frequency multiplier, 5, the first isolation attenuator, 6, tested attenuator, the 7, second isolation attenuator, 8, frequency mixer, 9, frequency divider, 10, amplification filtering module, 11, semi-automatic inductive voltage divider, 12 lock-in amplifiers.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates a kind of attenuation measurement device for Wave guide system, and this attenuation measurement device comprises the output terminals A 1 of radiofrequency signal, the input A2 of deamplification, local oscillation signal source, the first millimeter wave times frequency module, radio-frequency signal source, the second millimeter wave frequency multiplier, the first isolation attenuator, tested attenuator, the second isolation attenuator, frequency mixer, frequency divider, amplification filtering module, known attenuating device for example semi-automatic inductive voltage divider and lock-in amplifier.The instant base signal output part of the first output of radio-frequency signal source 3 is connected with the reference input in local oscillation signal source 1, so that the synchronic base of radiofrequency signal of the local oscillation signal of local oscillation signal source output and radio-frequency signal source output.The output in local oscillation signal source 1 is connected with the first input end of frequency mixer by the first frequency multiplier.The time-base signal of radio-frequency signal source 3 outputs exports frequency divider 9 to, and the output of frequency divider 9 is connected with the first input end of lock-in amplifier 12, for lock-in amplifier provides reference signal.Between the radiofrequency signal output of radio-frequency signal source 3 and radiofrequency signal output terminals A 1, be connected with successively the second frequency multiplier 4 and the first isolation attenuator 5.Deamplification input A2 is connected with the second input of frequency mixer 8 by the second isolation attenuator 7, between the output of frequency mixer 8 and the second input of lock-in amplifier 12, is connected with amplification filtering module 10 and semi-automatic inductive voltage divider 11 in turn.
The radiofrequency signal that radio-frequency signal source produces is coupled to radio-frequency (RF) signal input end A2 and is used to attenuator to be measured that radiofrequency signal is provided.Preferably, measurement mechanism comprise be coupling in the first frequency multiplier 2 between local oscillation signal source 1 and frequency mixer 8 and be coupling in radio-frequency signal source 3 and described radiofrequency signal output terminals A 1 between second times of frequency module 4, the frequency frequency multiplication to local oscillation signal and radiofrequency signal respectively.Preferably, measurement mechanism further comprise be coupling in first between second times of frequency module 4 and radiofrequency signal output terminals A 1 isolation attenuator 5 and be coupling in deamplification input A2 with frequency mixer 8 between second isolate attenuator 7.Isolation attenuator is on the one hand for isolating the various noises of deamplification, on the other hand for improving the mismatch ratio of signal, to improve the quality of signal and the accuracy of test.Preferably, the operating frequency of the semi-automatic induction frequency divider in measurement mechanism is 2.44kHz, so that measurement mechanism accurately measures the attenuation that operating frequency is attenuator within the scope of 50GHz～110GHz.Preferably, measurement mechanism comprises the amplification filtering module 10 being connected between frequency mixer and semi-automatic inductive voltage divider, preferably adopts AD743 type operational amplifier in amplification filtering module 10.
Attenuation measurement device according to the present invention has adopted the attenuation of the tested attenuator of measurement of series connection Low Medium Frequency method of substitution.Radio-frequency signal source 3 and local oscillation signal source 1 have adopted synthesized source to realize the synchronic base of radiofrequency signal and local oscillation signal, this synthesized source has very high frequency stability and accuracy and up to the frequency resolution of 0.001Hz, this has just guaranteed frequency stability and the accuracy of the 2.44kHz intermediate-freuqncy signal after mixing.The isolation attenuator with better standing-wave ratio characteristic (general standing-wave ratio be less than 1.1) is used as the first and second isolation attenuators, can resolution system measuring process in the problem of mismatch.Adopt the mixing of fundamental wave mixing mode, make measuring system there is larger dynamic range and good signal to noise ratio.Measuring system is transformed to 2.44kHz intermediate-freuqncy signal by frequency translation mode linearly by radiofrequency signal and microwave signal, in system, as the inductive voltage divider of Main Regulator, adopt series systems to be connected with tested attenuator 6, twice balance of the lock-in amplifier by system is that twice zeroing completed alternative process.The major advantage of the method is to have avoided using high target wide band radio-frequency and the microwave standard attenuator that is difficult to realization.Adopt the semi-automatic inductive voltage divider 11 of precision that operating frequency is 2.44kHz as benchmark, thereby utilize the change amount of inductive voltage divider under voltage ratio accurately to substitute radio frequency to be checked and the attenuation of microwave attenuator reaches the object of measuring accurately and effectively attenuation.Because the decay calibrating installation phase specific energy that has adopted said structure that this attenuation measurement device and other principle are formed reaches higher accuracy of measurement.
Preferably, the effect of amplification filtering module 10 in system is the intermediate-freuqncy signal after mixing to be carried out to low noise amplify in advance and filtering, and when measuring maximum dynamically 80dB attenuation, the minimum signal level of amplification filtering module 10 inputs will reach μ V level.This signal level is very weak, and the amplification filtering module 10 of the first order as the part of receiving intermediate frequency signal is below proposed to higher technical requirement, have higher sensitivity and extremely low noise factor.For the cascade of N level amplifier, preferably, N is the natural number that is selected from 1-10, and whole noise factor can be determined by following formula:
In formula: F
ithe noise factor of-i level amplifier, i is selected from 1-N;
G
aithe gain of-i level amplifier.
The noise factor that can find out whole system by the above-mentioned formula mainly amplifier in the amplification filtering module 10 of first order receiving intermediate frequency signal part determines, so the noise factor of the selected amplifier of this module is most critical.Amplifier of the present invention adopts the bipolar field effect transistor operational amplifier of AD743 ultra-low noise of ANALOGDEVICES company, its noise factor can reach 2.9nV/ √ Hz at 10kHz, and there is good AC characteristic as the total harmonic distortion of the gain bandwidth product of 4.5MHz and 0.0003% (in 1kHz frequency), when 1kHz left and right, the nearly 95dB of common-mode rejection ratio, Power Supply Rejection Ratio has 75dB.The Low Medium Frequency signal of low noise amplifier after to mixing amplifies, and improves signal to noise ratio, to improve, measures dynamic range and accuracy of measurement.
The lock-in amplifier 12 application Orthogonal correlation detection methods of measurement mechanism, can suppress noise effect to greatest extent, improve system resolution, thereby improve the sensitivity of detection signal.From the operation principle of lock-in amplifier 12, can find out, make it adopt Orthogonal correlation to detect the method receiving, realize the detectability to small-signal, be necessary for lock-in amplifier 12 reference signal is provided.The measured signal of this reference signal and frequency mixer output has identical frequency jitter, and this relevant detection to small-signal is extremely important.Because the frequency information that lock-in amplifier 12 provides according to reference signal, can detect and the same small-signal frequently of Measurement accuracy, so in measurement mechanism of the present invention by the frequency in local oscillation signal source for input that for example time-base signal of 10MHz exports frequency divider 9 to is this time-base signal frequency is carried out to frequency division, frequency divider 9 is 2 by time-base signal frequency division
12doubly, because time-base signal and measured signal have same frequency accuracy, so the signal after actual frequency division just and the identical frequency jitter of measured signal maintenance, therefore, reference signal using the signal of frequency divider output as lock-in amplifier 12 is used, and the relevant detectability of small-signal of lock-in amplifier is provided.
Preferred embodiment in conjunction with above-mentioned measurement mechanism, is described further the inventive method: the method comprises tested attenuator and frequency mixer and known attenuating device are connected in series;
Using radiofrequency signal as radiofrequency signal, encourage tested attenuator to produce deamplification;
By deamplification and with the local oscillation signal mixing of the synchronic base of described radiofrequency signal;
With the alternative method step of series connection intermediate frequency, using the time-base signal through frequency division as with reference to signal, adopt Orthogonal correlation detection method to measure the attenuation of tested attenuator.
The operating frequency range that this attenuation measurement is put is 50GHz～110GHz, has adopted the working method of fundamental wave mixing.Radio-frequency signal source 3 and local oscillation signal source 1 all adopt scan synthesis signal source, and two signal sources adopt the mode of synchronic base to connect.By the requirement of tested attenuator 6, signal source in this attenuation measurement device and the operating frequency (CW) of times frequency module are set, radiofrequency signal are exported to tested attenuator 6 after interior fixed ampllitude, then the deamplification of tested attenuator 6 outputs is delivered to frequency mixer 8.2.44kHz intermediate-freuqncy signal after radiofrequency signal and local oscillation signal difference frequency is delivered to amplification filtering module through the medium frequency output end of frequency mixer 8, and frequency mixer 8 will keep linearly the amplitude characteristic of radiofrequency signal constant in frequency conversion process.Utilization substitutes the attenuation of tested attenuator 6 as the change amount of the voltage ratio of the inductive voltage divider of intermediate frequency standard attenuator.Because tested attenuator 6 and semi-automatic inductive voltage divider 11 are to be connected in system, so the working method of this system is called as series connection substitution.
The process that the method that this measurement mechanism replaces based on series connection intermediate frequency is measured tested attenuator 6 comprises the steps.According to the parameter request of tested attenuator 6, the frequency in radio-frequency signal source 3 and local oscillation signal source 1 and first times of frequency module 2 and second times of frequency module 4 are set to required frequency.For example be set to+10dBm of the level of the output in local oscillation signal source 1, the level of radio-frequency signal source 3 is set to for example 0dBm.Tested attenuator 6 is placed in to initial decay amount A
0(for example zero graduation) position, inductive voltage divider voltage ratio is placed in D
0position.Now according to the attenuation of tested attenuator, regulate the signal level of lock-in amplifier 12 gains and radio-frequency signal source 3 to make lock-in amplifier 12 obtain balance indication, for example equilibrium level is designated as a certain magnitude of voltage, described a certain magnitude of voltage, i.e. magnitude of voltage when system reaches stable state; Then tested attenuator 6 is placed in to attenuation A
1position, now in series system due to the variation of attenuation, make test macro disequilibrium.By regulate inductive voltage divider voltage ratio make test macro again balance be a certain magnitude of voltage before equilibrium level indication is still got back to, and read now voltage ratio D
1.The attenuation incrementation A of tested attenuator 6
xfor: A
x=A
1-A
0=20log (D
1/ D
0) (dB).
For as the attenuator to be measured 6 of stepping type or changeable type, after change decay scale, repeat the decrement measurement value that above-mentioned measuring process just can obtain variant decay gear.The data of the inductive voltage divider in above-described semi-automatic sensor transformer 11 read with data processing and all adopt the mode of software and hardware combining to carry out, without carrying out artificial reading and calculating again.
The present invention is based on Low Medium Frequency series connection substitution, can realize the measurement to 3mm, 5mm frequency range Attenuation, and method is simple, with low cost, solved the Detection of Weak Signals problem of lock-in amplifier simultaneously, sensitivity and accuracy that raising system detects.Therefore the present invention is not only applicable to 50GHz～110GHz Attenuation measuring system, is applicable to other frequency range attenuation measurement system yet.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation is made for the present invention explanation to be described in further detail, and can not assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these explanations.For the those of ordinary skill of technical field of the present invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. for an attenuation measuring technique for Wave guide system, it is characterized in that: this attenuation measuring technique comprises
Tested attenuator is connected in series with known attenuating device and frequency mixer successively;
Radiofrequency signal is produced to the radiofrequency signal of decay through tested attenuator signal;
By this deamplification and with the local oscillation signal mixing of the synchronic base of described radiofrequency signal;
With series connection intermediate frequency, substitute the method step of test, using the time-base signal through frequency division as with reference to signal, adopt Orthogonal correlation detection method to measure the attenuation of tested attenuator.
2. attenuation measuring technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the method further comprises amplifies the signal after mixing and filtering.
3. attenuation measuring technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: it is further comprising the steps that described series connection intermediate frequency substitutes the method for testing
By the initial decay amount that is set to of tested attenuator;
Described known adjustable attenuator is placed in to initial value;
Regulate the gain of phase-locked checkout gear and the signal level of radio-frequency signal source, record reaches the level value of balance to the quadrature detection of deamplification;
Tested attenuator is set to tested state;
By regulating known variable attenuator, the attenuation of record corresponding known variable attenuator when the detection of deamplification is obtained to described level value.
4. attenuation measuring technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described reference signal is time-base signal frequency division to be had to the signal frequency of same frequency shake to the output signal with described frequency mixer.
5. attenuation measuring technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described reference signal is by time-base signal frequency division to 2
12the signal doubly obtaining.
6. attenuation measuring technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the be set to+10dBm of output level in described local oscillation signal source.
7. attenuation measuring technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described difference frequency process, will keep linearly the amplitude characteristic of radiofrequency signal constant.
8. attenuation measuring technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the time-base signal that described local oscillation signal source produces is 10MHz.
9. attenuation measuring technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Orthogonal correlation detection method comprises and detects the phase place of described deamplification and described deamplification is carried out to the range value that low-pass filtering obtains deamplification.
10. attenuation measuring technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described known adjustable attenuator is inductive voltage divider, and the alternative method of described series connection intermediate frequency is further comprising the steps
Tested attenuator is set to initial decay amount A
0;
The voltage ratio of induction bleeder mechanism is set to initial value D
0;
Regulate the gain of phase-locked checkout gear and the signal level of radio-frequency signal source, record reaches the level value of balance to the quadrature detection of deamplification;
Tested attenuator is set to tested state, attenuation A
1;
By regulating the voltage ratio of inductive voltage divider, the voltage ratio D of inductive voltage divider when record obtains described level value to the quadrature detection of deamplification
1;
Utilize formula A
x=A
1-A
0=20log (D
1/ D
0) (dB), obtain the tested attenuation incrementation Ax of tested attenuator.
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|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310714632.XA CN103701538B (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | A kind of attenuation measuring technique for Wave guide system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105092985A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-11-25 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Phase-locked amplifier based attenuation parameter measurement device |
| CN110765548A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-02-07 | 中航通飞研究院有限公司 | Shielding attenuation measurement method and device for aircraft wire harness wave-proof sleeve |
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| CN102752061A (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2012-10-24 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Device and method for generating reference signal of phase-locked amplifier of millimeter wave attenuation measurement system |
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2013
- 2013-12-20 CN CN201310714632.XA patent/CN103701538B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102752061A (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2012-10-24 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Device and method for generating reference signal of phase-locked amplifier of millimeter wave attenuation measurement system |
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| 刘杰等: "基于串联低中频替代法的衰减测量系统", 《宇航计测技术》, 29 February 2012 (2012-02-29), pages 1 - 4 * |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105092985A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-11-25 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Phase-locked amplifier based attenuation parameter measurement device |
| CN105092985B (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2019-01-25 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Attenuation parameter measuring device based on lock-in amplifier |
| CN110765548A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-02-07 | 中航通飞研究院有限公司 | Shielding attenuation measurement method and device for aircraft wire harness wave-proof sleeve |
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Effective date of registration: 20170221 Address after: Beans village in Shandong province Tai'an town turtledove 271512 County of Dongping City, No. 460 Patentee after: Liang Yanhui Address before: 100854 Beijing, Haidian District, box 142, box 408 Patentee before: Beijing Radio Measuring and Testing Institute |
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