The high-strength nickel niobium alloy material that a kind of zirconium, chromium strengthen
Technical field
The present invention relates to ickel-niobium alloy Material Field, specifically, relate to a kind of high-strength nickel niobium alloy material.
Background technology
In Aeronautics and Astronautics industrial expansion process, the development of advanced material is most important for the progress of Aeronautics and Astronautics technology.Based on save energy and the needs that reduce to pollute, require Aeronautics and Astronautics structured material not only high temperature resistant but also will there is high specific strength and high specific stiffness.Ickel-niobium alloy, owing to having the advantages such as high-melting-point, high specific strength and specific modulus, low creep speed, relatively little density, good heat conductivility and good high temperature oxidation resistance, makes ickel-niobium alloy be regarded as one of potentiality candidate material of high temperature alloy in lightweight.Yet the temperature-room type plasticity that ickel-niobium alloy is poor and hot strength have limited its widespread use.At present, method synthetic and that prepare compound between nickel niobium metal and alloy thereof has a lot, for example, and alloy melting method, plasma agglomeration method, combustion synthesis method, mechanical alloying method and hot isostatic pressing method etc.Yet these methods more or less all come with some shortcomings.
Between nickel niobium metal, the heterogeneous microstructure of compound is very stable, and formation can be higher, and maximum can reach 82kJ/mol.In ickel-niobium alloy evolution, alloying and composite technology improve the tissue of ickel-niobium alloy as two kinds of most important means always and improve the performance of ickel-niobium alloy.In fact, people never stop the exploration that affects rule on ickel-niobium alloy tissue and performance about metallic element, yet, metallic element on ickel-niobium alloy intensity and plasticity affect rule and mechanism of action is still not clear, still there is dispute.
In addition, at present ceramic particle on ickel-niobium alloy performance affect rule and mechanism also needs further announcement, about improving the research of ickel-niobium alloy intensity and plasticity, be still the current world-famous puzzle that solves be badly in need of in the world.About metallic element kind, content and interior raw ceramic particle structure, size, shape, quantity, distribution, the mechanism that affects of ickel-niobium alloy intensity and plasticity is still not clear.A lot of researchists attempt to add the complex phase ceramic of some amount in ickel-niobium alloy, to obtaining good comprehensive mechanical property.For example, take Ni powder, Nb powder, carbon black and Al powder is raw material, the nickel niobium based composites of preparing, owing to making adding of composite ceramics ickel-niobium alloy intensity increase significantly, after HIP processes, its intensity has obtained further raising, but its hot strength raising is not fairly obvious.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of high-strength nickel niobium alloy material, this ickel-niobium alloy has the performances such as high-melting-point, low density, high-yield strength and breaking tenacity.
The technological thought of high-strength nickel niobium alloy material of the present invention is: niobium is widely used stable element in nickel-base alloy, niobium in nickel-base alloy with substitutional atom mode be present in α mutually in, adding of niobium can reduce fusing point and improve beta transus temperature, in room temperature and high temperature, all plays strengthening effect.Niobium has promoted the phase mutual diffusion of the elements such as nickel, aluminium and carbon in sintering process, is conducive to formation and the refinement of second-phase.
Adding of zirconium promoted sintering, refinement alloy structure, improved the mechanical property of alloy.According to alloying element, on the impact of Ni-based linkage force and with the interactional feature of nickel element, adding of chromium can significantly improve alloy high-temp intensity.And adding of lanthanum and praseodymium grown up because its velocity of diffusion suppresses nickel crystallite slowly, further refinement alloy structure, and make alloy keep good room temperature and mechanical behavior under high temperature.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of high-strength nickel niobium alloy material, it is characterized in that: the component that described ickel-niobium alloy contains following weight per-cent: 4.0~6.0% Nb, 3.0~5.0% Zr, 0.5~1.0% C, 2.0~3.0% Cr, 1.0~2.0% Al, 0.5~1% La, 0.5~1% Pr, surplus is nickel and inevitable impurity.
The preparation method of described ickel-niobium alloy material, comprises the following steps:
(1) batching: take nickel powder, niobium powder, aluminium powder, Graphite Powder 99, zirconium powder, chromium powder, lanthanum powder and the praseodymium powder of respective amount according to described weight percent, prepare burden;
(2) batch mixing: the powder obtaining after described batching and Stainless Steel Ball are put into mixing tank by suitable ratio of grinding media to material, carry out batch mixing at rotating speed on the mixer that is 200~300r/min, mixing time is 4~6 hours, obtains mixed powder;
(3) pressed compact: described mixed powder is pressed into base on hydropress, and compacting pressure is 450~550MPa, after pressed compact, obtaining diameter is 15~20mm, the cylindrical green compact material that height is 20~30mm;
(4) hot pressed sintering: described pressed compact material is placed in graphite jig, then the described graphite jig that described pressed compact material is housed is put into heat pressing forming device, with suitable heat-up rate, heat, insulation when temperature reaches 1000~1200 ℃, and start to exert pressure, maintain described pressure and holding temperature 30~60s, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, finally obtain ickel-niobium alloy product.
In described batching step, the powder size of above-mentioned each component is: nickel powder 300~500 orders, niobium powder 400~600 orders, aluminium powder 400~600 orders, Graphite Powder 99 1000~2000 orders, zirconium powder 400~600 orders, chromium powder 400~600 orders, lanthanum powder 300~500 orders, and praseodymium powder 300~500 orders.
In described batch mixing step, described powder and Stainless Steel Ball are put into mixing tank by ratio of grinding media to material 5~10:1.
In described hot pressed sintering step, be evacuated to 60~80Pa, with the heat-up rate of 40~60 ℃/min, heat, insulation when temperature reaches 1000~1200 ℃, and start to exert pressure, pressure is 40~60MPa.
The yield strength of final resulting ickel-niobium alloy product is 500~600MPa, and breaking tenacity is 1200~1300MPa, and hardness is 450~550HV.
Advantage of the present invention is: the present invention proposes zirconium, chromium are incorporated into the new approaches in alloy as useful alloy element, meanwhile, niobium element has reduced the content of Aluminum in Alloy, guarantees the plasticity and toughness that alloy has had; By the means of hot pressed sintering, obtained the low-cost high-strength alloy material of high strength and wear resisting property; By adding lanthanum and praseodymium element, refinement alloy structure, further strengthened alloy strength, and made alloy keep good room temperature and mechanical behavior under high temperature.And overcome the shortcomings such as nickel-base alloy wears no resistance, Young's modulus is low, to expanding nickel-bass alloy material, in field application such as aerospace and civilian industries, will there is huge pushing effect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and comparative example, the present invention is described in more detail.
Embodiment 1:
The component that high-strength nickel niobium alloy material contains following weight per-cent: 6.0% Nb, 5.0% Zr, 1.0% C, 2.0% Cr, 2.0% Al, 0.8% La, 1% Pr, surplus is nickel and inevitable impurity.First, according to described weight percent, take nickel powder, niobium powder, aluminium powder, Graphite Powder 99, zirconium powder, chromium powder, lanthanum powder and the praseodymium powder of respective amount, prepare burden, and the powder size of each component is: nickel powder 400 orders, niobium powder 400 orders, aluminium powder 400 orders, Graphite Powder 99 2000 orders, zirconium powder 600 orders, chromium powder 400 orders, lanthanum powder 500 orders, and praseodymium powder 500 orders.The powder obtaining after described batching and Stainless Steel Ball are put into mixing tank by ratio of grinding media to material 5:1, carry out batch mixing at rotating speed on the mixer that is 250r/min, mixing time is 4 hours, obtains mixed powder.Described mixed powder is pressed into base on hydropress, and compacting pressure is 550MPa, and after pressed compact, obtaining diameter is 20mm, and height is the cylindrical green compact material of 20mm.Described pressed compact material is placed in graphite jig, then the described graphite jig that described pressed compact material is housed is put into heat pressing forming device, be evacuated to 60Pa, with the heat-up rate of 40 ℃/min, heat, insulation when temperature reaches 1200 ℃, and start to exert pressure, pressure is 40MPa, maintains described pressure and holding temperature 30s, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, finally obtaining yield strength is 550MPa, and breaking tenacity is 1200MPa, the ickel-niobium alloy product that hardness is 450HV.
Embodiment 2:
The component that high-strength nickel niobium alloy material contains following weight per-cent: 5.0% Nb, 4.0% Zr, 1.0% C, 2.0% Cr, 1.0% Al, 0.5% La, 1% Pr, surplus is nickel and inevitable impurity.First, according to described weight percent, take nickel powder, niobium powder, aluminium powder, Graphite Powder 99, zirconium powder, chromium powder, lanthanum powder and the praseodymium powder of respective amount, prepare burden, and the powder size of each component is: nickel powder 500 orders, niobium powder 600 orders, aluminium powder 400 orders, Graphite Powder 99 1000 orders, zirconium powder 600 orders, chromium powder 400 orders, lanthanum powder 500 orders, and praseodymium powder 400 orders.The powder obtaining after described batching and Stainless Steel Ball are put into mixing tank by ratio of grinding media to material 10:1, carry out batch mixing at rotating speed on the mixer that is 300r/min, mixing time is 6 hours, obtains mixed powder.Described mixed powder is pressed into base on hydropress, and compacting pressure is 450MPa, and after pressed compact, obtaining diameter is 15mm, and height is the cylindrical green compact material of 20mm.Described pressed compact material is placed in graphite jig, then the described graphite jig that described pressed compact material is housed is put into heat pressing forming device, be evacuated to 80Pa, with the heat-up rate of 50 ℃/min, heat, insulation when temperature reaches 1100 ℃, and start to exert pressure, pressure is 50MPa, maintains described pressure and holding temperature 50s, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, finally obtaining yield strength is 500MPa, and breaking tenacity is 1250MPa, the ickel-niobium alloy product that hardness is 500HV.
Embodiment 3:
The component that high-strength nickel niobium alloy material contains following weight per-cent: 4.0% Nb, 3.0% Zr, 0.5% C, 3.0% Cr, 1.5% Al, 1% La, 0.5% Pr, surplus is nickel and inevitable impurity.First, according to described weight percent, take nickel powder, niobium powder, aluminium powder, Graphite Powder 99, zirconium powder, chromium powder, lanthanum powder and the praseodymium powder of respective amount, prepare burden, and the powder size of each component is: nickel powder 500 orders, niobium powder 500 orders, aluminium powder 600 orders, Graphite Powder 99 1000 orders, zirconium powder 500 orders, chromium powder 500 orders, lanthanum powder 300 orders, and praseodymium powder 300 orders.The powder obtaining after described batching and Stainless Steel Ball are put into mixing tank by ratio of grinding media to material 8:1, carry out batch mixing at rotating speed on the mixer that is 200r/min, mixing time is 5 hours, obtains mixed powder.Described mixed powder is pressed into base on hydropress, and compacting pressure is 500MPa, and after pressed compact, obtaining diameter is 20mm, and height is the cylindrical green compact material of 30mm.Described pressed compact material is placed in graphite jig, then the described graphite jig that described pressed compact material is housed is put into heat pressing forming device, be evacuated to 70Pa, with the heat-up rate of 60 ℃/min, heat, insulation when temperature reaches 1000 ℃, and start to exert pressure, pressure is 60MPa, maintains described pressure and holding temperature 60s, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, finally obtaining yield strength is 600MPa, and breaking tenacity is 1300MPa, the ickel-niobium alloy product that hardness is 550HV.
Comparative example 1:
By the ickel-niobium alloy identical with embodiment of the present invention moiety, after batching, batch mixing and pressed compact, described pressed compact material is placed in graphite jig, then the described graphite jig that described pressed compact material is housed is put into heat pressing forming device, be evacuated to 60~80Pa, heat-up rate with 40~60 ℃/min heats, holding temperature is brought up to 1300 ℃ above or is reduced to below 1000, and adjust applied pressure and be greater than 100Pa or be less than 40Pa or do not exert pressure, keep cooling to room temperature with the furnace after same time, finally obtain ickel-niobium alloy product.The yield strength of final resulting ickel-niobium alloy product is lower than 400MPa, and breaking tenacity is lower than 1100MPa, and hardness is lower than 400HV.
Comparative example 2:
Change the component of embodiment of the present invention ickel-niobium alloy, with element substitution Zr, Cr and rare earth elements such as conventional Zn, Ti, Mg, adopt after same batching, batch mixing, pressed compact and hot pressed sintering step, final resulting ickel-niobium alloy product, its yield strength is 200~350MPa, breaking tenacity is 800~1000MPa, and hardness is 250~300HV.
By embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1 and 2, can be found out, by utilizing according to a kind of high-strength nickel niobium alloy material of the embodiment of the present invention, zirconium, chromium are incorporated into the new approaches in alloy as useful alloy element, simultaneously, niobium element has reduced the content of Aluminum in Alloy, guarantees the plasticity and toughness that alloy has had; By the means of hot pressed sintering, obtained the low-cost high-strength alloy material of high strength and wear resisting property; By adding lanthanum and praseodymium element, refinement alloy structure, further strengthened alloy strength, and made alloy keep good room temperature and mechanical behavior under high temperature.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: in the situation that not departing from principle of the present invention and aim, can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is limited by claim and equivalent thereof.