CN103691911A - Magnesium alloy casting method and device thereof - Google Patents
Magnesium alloy casting method and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103691911A CN103691911A CN201310692358.0A CN201310692358A CN103691911A CN 103691911 A CN103691911 A CN 103691911A CN 201310692358 A CN201310692358 A CN 201310692358A CN 103691911 A CN103691911 A CN 103691911A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnesium alloy casting method which comprises the steps of smelting magnesium alloy and deslagging; preheating a gypsum mould; using a gas mixture containing 1-10% of sulfur hexafluoride and 90-99% of argon to pressing a lower tank for 1-2 minutes with the gas pressure of 1-5Kpa; vacuumizing an upper tank to reach a specified negative pressure value k1, injecting a gas mixture containing 1-10% of the sulfur hexafluoride and 90-99% of the argon into the upper tank to rise to a specified negative pressure value k2; pressing the lower tank with the gas pressure of 10-80KPa to realize pressing casting. The invention discloses a magnesium alloy casting device. According to the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, a produced casting has the average wall thickness of 1.0-1.5mm, the tensile strength of 190MPa and the ductility of 2-3%, and is high in surface quality, compact in internals and good in performance, oxidation, cold shut and slag inclusion defects are avoided, and simple process, convenience in operation and low cost are realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of foundry engieering, relate in particular to a kind of casting method and device thereof of magnesium alloy.
Background technology
Magnesium alloy density is low, has the advantages such as high specific strength/specific stiffness, dimensionally stable, heat-conductivity conducting are good, damping vibration attenuation, electromagnetic shielding.At present, as important structural material, be widely used in the industrial circles such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, electronic communication.In national defence field, higher owing at present individual combat being required, as weight-reducing material, magnesium alloy also occupies a tiny space.As far back as the 1950's, the aircraft that China is imitated and the covering of guided missile, framework and engine crankcase have adopted magnesium-rare earth alloy.After the seventies, along with developing rapidly of China's aeronautical and space technology, magnesium alloy is also progressively promoted and applies on the products such as attack plane, helicopter, guided missile, satellite.At present, China's Aeronautics and Astronautics, national defence field are magnesium alloy new material, new technology to the active demand of loss of weight exploitation and application provide opportunities and challenges.
Current, restriction magnesium alloy materials is Mg alloy castings casting difficulty in one of Aeronautics and Astronautics, national defence field application principal element, its Key points for foundry is how to make Complex Parts to be shaped smoothly and to guarantee not to burn in die cavity, thereby improves the dimensional accuracy of foundry goods and reduce surface roughness.But Mg alloy castings is mainly cast to manufacture by die casting and sand, die casting is current the most general Mg alloy formed technique, but die casting can only forming dimension foundry goods less, simple in structure; Due to the existence of pore, foundry goods can not heat-treat or weld, and can not compare dark machined; Traditional sand casting Mg alloy castings that size is larger, complex-shaped, wall thickness is larger that can be shaped is the forming technology that current large complicated Mg alloy castings extensively adopts.But because the thermal conductivity of sand mold is larger, making to rely on sand casting to carry out loss of weight for the less Mg alloy castings of wall thickness cannot realize; In addition, the dimensional accuracy of sand casting foundry goods is low, surface quality is poor, and allowance is large, has increased the workload of subsequent treatment.Gypsum type melting mould founding, casting technique is simple, and replicability is good, and the foundry goods that in the profile that can be shaped, structure is extremely complicated, wall thickness is very little, if gypsum quality is good, can cast out the foundry goods that precision is high, surface quality is good.But rely on existing cast means, because the oxidation-protective effect of current gypsum mould is poor, even if adopt vacuum pouring, be also difficult to guarantee that magnesium alloy liquation does not react and even burns with gypsum, hindered the popularization of plaster casting magnesium alloy.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problem that will solve
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to provide a kind of casting method of magnesium alloy, to overcome magnesium alloy oxidizable incendive technical problem in casting process in prior art; And the casting device that a kind of magnesium alloy is provided.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, on the one hand, the invention provides a kind of casting method of magnesium alloy, the method comprises: under condition of negative pressure, pour into a mould.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of casting method of magnesium alloy, and the method comprises:
Step 2, by after preheating, temperature is that 200 ℃～400 ℃ gypsum moulds are placed on described seal cover board, and uses the above lower tank of cover;
Step 4, by being positioned at the negative-pressure vacuum pipeline on the top of described upper tank, described upper tank is vacuumized, make the negative pressure value of described upper tank reach regulation negative pressure value k
1, then described upper tank is injected in the top of mist tank from described of 1-10% sulfur hexafluoride and 90-99% argon gas, make the negative pressure of described upper tank be raised to regulation negative pressure value k
2;
Pressurizeing to described lower tank in the middle and lower part of step 5, the air pressure tank from described that is 10～80KPa with pressure, makes described magnesium alloy liquation enter by being built in the stalk of described crucible the die cavity that is arranged in described upper tank, realizes pressure casting.
Preferably, the mist described in step 3 and step 4 is the mist of 10% sulfur hexafluoride and 90% argon gas; Or the mist of 5% sulfur hexafluoride and 95% argon gas.
Preferably, the regulation negative pressure value k described in step 4
1for-20～-50KPa, described regulation negative pressure value k
2for-10～-30KPa.
Preferably, step 5 also comprises adjusting process parameter, and described technological parameter comprises:
To rise liquid speed be 30～40mm/s, rise hydraulic coupling is that 5～8KPa, filling velocity are that 30～60mm/s, mold filling pressure are that 30～50KPa, investing time are that 2～5s, crust boost pressure are that 3～8KPa, crystallization time are that 150～350s, crystallization boost pressure are that 3～8KPa and resistance coefficient are 1.2-1.5.
Preferably, when producing the magnesium alloy ZM10 foundry goods that wall thickness is 1.5mm, described magnesium alloy smelting temperature is 780 ℃, when described gypsum mould preheat temperature is 380 ℃, and described setting k
1for-30KPa, described setting k2 is-20KPa, and described to rise liquid speed be 35m/s, rise hydraulic coupling is that 6KPa, filling velocity are that 40mm/s, mold filling pressure are that 38KPa, investing time are that 5s, crust boost pressure are that 3KPa, crystallization time are that 150s, crystallization boost pressure are that 3KPa and resistance coefficient are 1.2.
Preferably, when producing the magnesium alloy ZM5 foundry goods that wall thickness is 1.4mm, described magnesium alloy smelting temperature is 820 ℃, and described gypsum mould preheat temperature is 400 ℃, described setting k
1for-20KPa, described setting k2 is-10KPa, and described to rise liquid speed be 40m/s, rise hydraulic pressure 5KPa, filling velocity is that 50mm/s, mold filling pressure are that 40KPa, investing time are that 3s, crust boost pressure are that 5KPa, crystallization time are that 250s, crystallization boost pressure are that 5KPa and resistance coefficient are 1.5.
Another aspect, the present invention also provides a kind of casting device of magnesium alloy, and this device comprises:
Preferably, described the first protective gas pipeline 7 is connected with the second protective gas device with the first protective gas device respectively with the second protective gas pipeline 16; Or be connected with same protective gas device 6, by control system, control, disconnect described the second protective gas pipeline 16, connect described the first protective gas pipeline 7, to described lower tank 1, inject protective gas; Disconnect described the first protective gas pipeline 7, connect described the second protective gas pipeline 16, to described upper tank 13, inject protective gas.
On the one hand, the present invention also provides a kind of method that adopts casting device described above to cast again, and the method comprises:
Step 2, by after preheating, temperature is that 200 ℃～400 ℃ gypsum moulds 14 are placed on described seal cover board 15, and use tank 13 and cover described lower tank 1;
Step 4, by 12 pairs of described upper tanks of negative-pressure vacuum pipeline, vacuumize the negative pressure value of described upper tank is reached-20～-50KPa; Then the mist of 1-10% sulfur hexafluoride and 90-99% argon gas is injected to described upper tank 13 by the second protective gas pipeline 16, the negative pressure of described upper tank 13 is raised to-10～-30KPa;
Step 5, employing pressue device 2, pressurize to described lower tank 1 with the air pressure of 10～80KPa, and described magnesium alloy liquation is entered in described die cavity 14 by described stalk 17, realizes pressure casting.
(3) beneficial effect
The casting method of a kind of magnesium alloy provided by the present invention and device tool thereof have the following advantages:
The present invention is by adopting the mist of 1-10% sulfur hexafluoride and 90-99% argon gas to suppress protection to lower tank, can make the heavier sulfur hexafluoride of proportion float on magnesium alloy liquation top, generate the diaphragm of one deck compactness, both can prevent that magnesium alloy liquation from continuing reaction or evaporation, by can be by magnesium alloy liquation and air insulated; Upper tank is vacuumized, and the air in die cavity is discharged from by asbestos; At upper tank, under negative pressure state, inject protective gas, prevented that the magnesium alloy liquation in die cavity from burning, the phenomenon such as misrun or cold shut, be conducive to fill type; And by pressue device, lower tank is exerted pressure, make magnesium alloy liquation from bottom to top inject die cavity along stalk, and a larger external force is provided, be conducive to fill type and solidify, be conducive to the production of thin-wall part.Adopt technical scheme provided by the present invention, foundry goods average wall thickness is 1.0～1.5mm, and hot strength reaches 190MPa, and percentage elongation reaches 2～3%, surface quality is high, non-oxidation, cold shut and dreg defect, dense internal organization, functional, and technique is simple, easy to operate, cost is low, is easy to batch production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the casting method schematic flow sheet of embodiment mono-;
Fig. 2 is the casting method schematic flow sheet of embodiment bis-;
Fig. 3 a is the excessive burning foundry goods schematic diagram of negative pressure;
Fig. 3 b is that negative pressure is at the scope internal shaping foundry goods schematic diagram of regulation negative pressure value;
Fig. 4 is the casting device schematic diagram of embodiment tetra-.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are only for the present invention is described, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment mono-
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment has been recorded the casting method of the nearly pressure regulation gas shield of a kind of magnesium alloy, and the method comprises the steps:
On the one hand, because Mg alloy thin wall part pouring temperature is higher, magnesium alloy liquation and gypsum are easily reacted; On the other hand, this method has been injected in advance protective gas in the die cavity of gypsum mould, can stop reacting of magnesium alloy liquation and gypsum, and therefore, through test of many times, the present embodiment is 730 ℃～820 ℃ by the smelting temperature of magnesium alloy.
Too low in order to prevent the temperature of gypsum mould, the temperature of the magnesium alloy liquation in reduction die cavity, causes the defects such as misrun, cold shut, thereby first gypsum mould is carried out to preheating, generally at 200 ℃～400 ℃, carries out preheating.
In the mist of 1-10% sulfur hexafluoride and 90-99% argon gas; the larger sulfur hexafluoride of proportion floats on the surface of magnesium alloy liquation; react with magnesium alloy liquation; the diaphragm of the compactness of production protective action; on the one hand, can stop magnesium alloy liquation to continue reaction, prevent the evaporation of magnesium alloy liquation; can, by magnesium alloy liquation and outside air isolation, prevent magnesium alloy burning again.
Upper tank is vacuumized, air in die cavity is discharged from by asbestos, make tank in negative pressure state, and then the mist of injection 1-10% sulfur hexafluoride and 90-99% argon gas, this mist enters in die cavity by asbestos, react generation layer protecting film with the magnesium alloy liquation in entering die cavity, both can stop magnesium alloy liquation to continue reaction, again can be by magnesium alloy liquation and gypsum mould isolation, make tank in negative pressure state simultaneously, eliminate the condition that produces counter-pressure in cavity filling process, make the magnesium alloy liquation under external force drives be easy to overcome own wt, other external force such as pressure in viscous force and die cavity, be conducive to realize anti-gravity pouring.Regulation negative pressure value k1 is generally-20～-50KPa, regulation negative pressure value k
2be generally-10～-30KPa.Value is excessive, in stalk air agitation large, easily cause that magnesium alloy liquation burns in stalk, form and be mingled with in a large number, be unfavorable for filling type, the burning foundry goods schematic diagram that the negative pressure shown in Fig. 3 a is excessive, the shaped casting figure of the negative pressure shown in Fig. 3 b within the scope of regulation negative pressure value; Too small, easily cause misrun or cold shut phenomenon.
Pressurizeing to described lower tank in the middle and lower part of step 105, the air pressure tank from described that is 10～80KPa with pressure, makes described magnesium alloy liquation enter by being built in the stalk of described crucible the die cavity that is arranged in described upper tank, realizes pressure casting.
Pressurizeing in middle and lower part at lower tank, the sulfur hexafluoride of magnesium alloy liquation top is blown open avoiding, and do not have protective effect, simultaneously, lower tank is applied to certain external force, make the pressure of magnesium alloy molten surface be greater than the pressure in stalk, under the driving of external force, magnesium alloy liquation overcomes the gravity of self, other external force such as pressure in viscous force and die cavity, rightabout along gravity in stalk flows, from bottom to top enter die cavity, thereby realized anti-gravity pouring, filling type and solidifying at foundry goods, for magnesium alloy liquation provides larger external force, to overcome thin-section casting, resistance in intricate casting, improve the feeding capacity of magnesium alloy liquation, reduce shrinkage cavity, the casting flaw such as pore and pin hole, be conducive to the formation of thin-wall part.
In the present embodiment step 105, also comprise adjusting process parameter, concrete selection principle is as follows:
1, rise liquid speed, rise liquid speed and refer to the rate of climb of melt in stalk.When magnesium alloy liquation enters the liquid speed that rises of die cavity when excessive, because casting mold cast gate bore is certain, when filling velocity one regularly, easily occur spraying; Too small, the temperature drop of magnesium alloy liquation in stalk is too large, easily misrun or cold shut phenomenon.
2, rise hydraulic coupling, rise hydraulic coupling and refer to that melt completes the liquid process that rises, arrive stalk mouth, corresponding pressure while connecting bottom contact.The value of this parameter is relevant with the number of magnesium alloy liquation, and magnesium alloy liquation is fewer, and this parameter value is larger.Device is worth and determines that rising liquid process finishes according to this, fills type and starts, and with what guarantee foundry goods, fills type quality.
3, filling velocity refers to the rate of climb of melt in die cavity.The value of this parameter is most important to casting quality, and value is too large, can cause that to fill type not steady, causes that melt splashes or feels suffocated; Value is too little, can cause cold shut or owe casting.Concrete size and foundry goods height, wall thickness, complexity are relevant.Generally, foundry goods average wall thickness is larger, and value is less; Foundry goods average wall thickness is less, and value is larger.
Pressure when 4, mold filling pressure refers to melt arrival die cavity top.In the value of this parameter and melting and heat preservation stove melt number and the height of foundry goods relevant.In stove, melt is fewer, and this value is larger; Foundry goods is higher, and this value is larger.
5, investing time refer to from be full of cast into cast(ing) surface solidify crust the needed time.This parameter value is too large, crusts too thick, even makes foundry goods in the mushy freezing stage, and feeding is solidified in impact, finally causes occurring shrinkage porosite, micro pine.
6, the pressure increment providing for foundry goods is crusted under certain pressure is provided crust boost pressure, namely at melt, is full of on the basis of die cavity, then increases certain pressure.When can guarantee that melt crusts under pressure, improve feeding capacity.This parameter value is too large, there will be scab phenomenon, even can make casting mold deform.
7, crystallization time refer to foundry goods complete crust solidify after, finally solidify completely the needed time.This parameter value is too little, and foundry goods can not solidify completely, and too early pressure release can cause foundry goods to be organized not fine and close, does not reach feeding object; Value is too large, can make stalk freeze, and affects operating efficiency.The concrete value of this parameter is relevant with casting weight, wall thickness etc.
8, crystallization boost pressure refers to that unit is KPa for foundry goods crystallization and larger supercharging value of providing under the pressure compared with large are provided.Why this supercharging value is provided, and is in order to make foundry goods reach better feeding in process of setting, to make to organize finer and close.According to used frock and the rated operating pressure of equipment, give as far as possible larger value.
9, resistance coefficient value is mainly in order to consider the complexity of die cavity.For the identical type height that fills, die cavity is more complicated, and the pressure needing is larger, so foundry goods is more complicated, this parameter value is larger.
Through test of many times, according to the rated operating pressure of height, the casting weight of magnesium alloy liquation amount, foundry goods average wall thickness, foundry goods and the frock of using and equipment, the liquid speed that rises in the present embodiment can be 30～40mm/s, rise hydraulic coupling and can be 5～8KPa, filling velocity can be 30～60mm/s, mold filling pressure can be 30～50KPa, investing time can be 2～5s, crust boost pressure can be 3～8KPa, crystallization time can be 150～350s, crystallization boost pressure can be 3～8KPa, and resistance coefficient can be 1.2-1.5.
Adopt the technical scheme of the present embodiment, foundry goods average wall thickness is 1.0～1.5mm, and hot strength reaches 190MPa, and percentage elongation reaches 2～3%, surface quality is high, non-oxidation, cold shut, dreg defect, dense internal organization, functional, and technique is simple, easy to operate, cost is low, is easy to batch production.
Embodiment bis-
ZM10 magnesium alloy, gypsum mould batching (mass fraction) take below as 15%～20% silica flour, 6%～8% talcum powder, 60%～85% αsemiwatergypsum, 18%～25% MgS0
4, water and other materials, mixed gases matching is that 10% sulfur hexafluoride and 90% argon gas are raw material; in conjunction with the casting device structure chart shown in Fig. 4; specifically introduce the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the concrete steps of the casting method of the nearly pressure regulation gas shield of a kind of magnesium alloy that the present embodiment is recorded are as follows:
Step 201, carries out ZM10 magnesium alloy melting at 780 ℃, slags tap, and the magnesium alloy liquation after slagging-off is put into crucible, with the lower tank of seal diaphragm sealing.
Step 202, carries out preheating at 380 ℃ to gypsum mould, and mould assembling is also by the upper and lower tank of upper cover.
Step 203, carries out suppressing for 1 minute to lower tank with the mist of 10% sulfur hexafluoride and 90% argon gas, the air pressure that pressure is 5KPa.
Step 204, vacuumizes upper tank, the negative pressure of tank is reached-30KPa, then the mist of described 10% sulfur hexafluoride and 90% argon gas is injected to upper tank, the negative pressure of tank is raised to-20Kpa.
Step 205, adjusting process parameter, the air pressure that is 50KPa with pressure carries out pressure pouring to lower tank.
Wherein, rising liquid speed is 35m/s, and rising hydraulic coupling is 6KPa, and filling velocity is 40mm/s, and mold filling pressure is 38KPa, and investing time is 5s, and crust boost pressure is 3KPa, and crystallization time is 150s, and crystallization boost pressure is 3KPa, and resistance coefficient is 1.2.By 2 pairs of lower tanks 1 of pressue device, pressurize, its applied pressure is 50KPa, to realize pressure casting.
The technical scheme that adopts the present embodiment to record is produced four gypsum mould thin-section castings of a mould, foundry goods average wall thickness 1.5mm, and surface smoothness is 3.6.
Embodiment tri-
The casting method of the nearly pressure regulation gas shield of a kind of magnesium alloy that the present embodiment is recorded, basic identical with the technical scheme that above preferred embodiment is recorded, difference be raw material and technological parameter different:
One, raw material is different, and magnesium alloy is that ZM5, mixed gases matching are 5% sulfur hexafluoride+95% argon gas;
Two, magnesium alloy ZM5 melt temperature is 820 ℃, and the preheat temperature of gypsum mould is 400 ℃;
Three, upper tank is vacuumized, the negative pressure of tank is reached-20KPa, then described mist is injected to upper tank, the negative pressure of tank is raised to-10Kpa;
Four, with the mist of 5% sulfur hexafluoride and 95% argon gas, the air pressure that pressure is 3Kpa, lower tank is carried out suppressing for 2 minutes
Five, the air pressure that is 55KPa with pressure carries out pressure pouring to lower tank, rising liquid speed is 40m/s, rising hydraulic coupling is 5Kpa, filling velocity is 50mm/s, and mold filling pressure is 40Kpa, and investing time is 3s, crust boost pressure is 5Kpa, crystallization time is 250s, and crystallization boost pressure is 5Kpa, and resistance coefficient is 1.5.
The technical scheme that adopts the present embodiment to record is produced gypsum mould thin-section casting of a mould, foundry goods average wall thickness 1.4mm, and surface smoothness is 3.6.
Embodiment tetra-
As shown in Figure 4, the casting device of a kind of magnesium alloy that the present embodiment is recorded, as shown in Figure 4, this device comprises: lower tank 1, the middle and lower part of lower tank 1 is connected with pressue device 2; The top of lower tank 1 adopts seal diaphragm 15 sealings; The built-in melting furnace 3 of lower tank 1 and for holding the crucible 4 of magnesium alloy liquation, the built-in stalk 17 of crucible 4, certain distance is arranged at the bottom of the lower end of stalk 17 and described crucible 4, and stalk 17 upper end oral areas are through seal diaphragm 15; Between crucible 4 and seal diaphragm 15, lower tank 1 is connected with the first protective gas pipeline 7.
The first protective gas pipeline 7 of the present embodiment can be connected with the second protective gas device with the first protective gas device respectively with the second protective gas pipeline 16, also can be connected with same protective gas device 6, by control system, controls.Disconnect the second protective gas pipeline 16, connect the first protective gas pipeline 7, tank 1 injects protective gas downwards; Disconnect the first protective gas pipeline 7, connect the second protective gas pipeline 16, upwards tank 13 injects protective gas.
Embodiment five
The present embodiment has been recorded a kind of method that adopts device described above to cast, and the method comprises.
Step 501, step 1, by after melting slagging-off, temperature is that the magnesium alloy liquation of 730 ℃～820 ℃ is put into crucible 4, described crucible 4 is built in lower tank 1, with the described lower tank 1 of seal cover board sealing.
Step 502, by after preheating, temperature is that 200 ℃～400 ℃ gypsum moulds 14 are placed on described seal cover board 15, and use tank 13 and cover described lower tank 1.
Step 503, with 1-10% sulfur hexafluoride and the mist of 90-99% argon gas, the air pressure of 1～5Kpa, by 7 pairs of described lower tanks 1 of described the first protective gas pipeline, undertaken suppressing for 1～2 minute; described sulfur hexafluoride is floated over above described magnesium alloy liquation, form protective layer.
Step 504, by 12 pairs of described upper tanks of negative-pressure vacuum pipeline, vacuumize the negative pressure value of described upper tank is reached-20～-50KPa; Then the mist of 1-10% sulfur hexafluoride and 90-99% argon gas is injected to described upper tank 13 by the second protective gas pipeline 16, the negative pressure of described upper tank 13 is raised to-10～-30KPa.
Step 505, employing pressue device 2, pressurize to described lower tank 1 with the air pressure of 10～80KPa, and described magnesium alloy liquation is entered in described die cavity 14 by described stalk 17, realizes pressure casting.
Inject the sulfur hexafluoride of the protective gas of lower tank, react with magnesium alloy liquation, generation has and prevents that magnesium alloy liquation from burning away or the diaphragm of the compactness of evaporating, on making, tank is under negative pressure state, the protective gas injecting enters in gypsum mould by asbestos and asbestos pressing plate, thereby by the Bas Discharged in die cavity, both can realize magnesium alloy liquation and gypsum mould isolation, contribute to realize vacuum-assist pouring, magnesium alloy liquation in lower tank, under pressue device externally applied forces, avoided blowing open on the one hand the sulfur hexafluoride of magnesium alloy molten surface, on the other hand, make magnesium alloy liquation under the driving of external force, overcome self gravitation, the external force such as pressure in viscous force and die cavity, along stalk, from bottom to top inject die cavity, carry out pressure casting.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and modification, these improve and modification also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a casting method for magnesium alloy, is characterized in that, the method comprises: under condition of negative pressure, pour into a mould.
2. a casting method for magnesium alloy, is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
Step 1, by after melting slagging-off, temperature is that the magnesium alloy liquation of 730 ℃～820 ℃ is put into crucible, described crucible is built in lower tank, with the described lower tank of seal cover board sealing;
Step 2, by after preheating, temperature is that 200 ℃～400 ℃ gypsum moulds are placed on described seal cover board, and uses the above lower tank of cover;
Step 3, with 1-10% sulfur hexafluoride and the mist of 90-99% argon gas, the air pressure of 1～5Kpa, described lower tank is carried out suppressing for 1～2 minute between described seal cover board and described crucible, described sulfur hexafluoride is floated over above described magnesium alloy liquation, form protective layer;
Step 4, by being positioned at the negative-pressure vacuum pipeline on the top of described upper tank, described upper tank is vacuumized, make the negative pressure value of described upper tank reach regulation negative pressure value k
1, then described upper tank is injected in the top of mist tank from described of 1-10% sulfur hexafluoride and 90-99% argon gas, make the negative pressure of described upper tank be raised to regulation negative pressure value k
2;
Pressurizeing to described lower tank in the middle and lower part of step 5, the air pressure tank from described that is 10～80KPa with pressure, makes described magnesium alloy liquation enter by being built in the stalk of described crucible the die cavity that is arranged in described upper tank, realizes pressure casting.
3. casting method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the mist described in step 3 and step 4 is the mist of 10% sulfur hexafluoride and 90% argon gas; Or the mist of 5% sulfur hexafluoride and 95% argon gas.
4. according to the casting method described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that the regulation negative pressure value k described in step 4
1for-20～-50KPa, described regulation negative pressure value k
2for-10～-30KPa.
5. according to the casting method described in claim 1～4 any one, it is characterized in that, step 5 also comprises adjusting process parameter, and described technological parameter comprises:
To rise liquid speed be 30～40mm/s, rise hydraulic coupling is that 5～8KPa, filling velocity are that 30～60mm/s, mold filling pressure are that 30～50KPa, investing time are that 2～5s, crust boost pressure are that 3～8KPa, crystallization time are that 150～350s, crystallization boost pressure are that 3～8KPa and resistance coefficient are 1.2-1.5.
6. casting method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, when producing the magnesium alloy ZM10 foundry goods that wall thickness is 1.5mm, described magnesium alloy smelting temperature is 780 ℃, when described gypsum mould preheat temperature is 380 ℃, and described regulation negative pressure value k
1for-30KPa, described regulation negative pressure value k
2for-20KPa, described to rise liquid speed be 35m/s, rise hydraulic coupling is that 6KPa, filling velocity are that 40mm/s, mold filling pressure are that 38KPa, investing time are that 5s, crust boost pressure are that 3KPa, crystallization time are that 150s, crystallization boost pressure are that 3KPa and resistance coefficient are 1.2.
7. casting method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, when producing the magnesium alloy ZM5 foundry goods that wall thickness is 1.4mm, described magnesium alloy smelting temperature is 820 ℃, and described gypsum mould preheat temperature is 400 ℃, described regulation negative pressure value k
1for-20KPa, described regulation negative pressure value k2 is-10KPa, and described to rise liquid speed be 40m/s, rise hydraulic coupling 5KPa, filling velocity is that 50mm/s, mold filling pressure are that 40KPa, investing time are that 3s, crust boost pressure are that 5KPa, crystallization time are that 250s, crystallization boost pressure are that 5KPa and resistance coefficient are 1.5.
8. a casting device for magnesium alloy, is characterized in that, this device comprises:
Lower tank (1), the middle and lower part of described lower tank (1) is connected with pressue device (2); The top of described lower tank (1) adopts seal diaphragm (15) sealing; The built-in melting furnace of described lower tank (1) (3) and for holding the crucible (4) of magnesium alloy liquation, the built-in stalk of described crucible (4) (17), certain distance is arranged at the bottom of the lower end of described stalk (17) and described crucible (4), and described stalk (17) upper end oral area is through seal diaphragm (15); Between described crucible (4) and seal diaphragm (15), described lower tank (1) is connected with the first protective gas pipeline (7);
Upper tank (13), the top of described upper tank (13) or sidewall are connected with the second protective gas pipeline (16) with negative-pressure vacuum pipeline (12); The built-in gypsum mould with die cavity (14) of described upper tank (13) (8), described gypsum mould (8) is placed directly on described seal diaphragm (15), above described gypsum mould (8), be provided with successively asbestos (10) and asbestos pressing plate (11), described asbestos pressing plate (11) is fixedly connected with by double-screw bolt (9) with described seal diaphragm (15); Described upper tank (13) is locked by retaining mechanism (5) with described seal diaphragm (15).
9. casting device according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described the first protective gas pipeline (7) is connected with the second protective gas device with the first protective gas device respectively with the second protective gas pipeline (16); Or be connected with same protective gas device (6), by control system, control, disconnect described the second protective gas pipeline (16), connect described the first protective gas pipeline (7), to described lower tank (1), inject protective gas; Disconnect described the first protective gas pipeline (7), connect described the second protective gas pipeline (16), to described upper tank (13), inject protective gas.
10. a method that adopts the device described in claim 8～9 any one to cast, is characterized in that, the method comprises:
Step 1, by after melting slagging-off, temperature is that the magnesium alloy liquation of 730 ℃～820 ℃ is put into crucible (4), described crucible (4) is built in lower tank (1), with seal cover board sealing described lower tank (1);
Step 2, by after preheating, that temperature is that 200 ℃～400 ℃ gypsum moulds (14) are placed on described seal cover board (15) is upper, and use tank (13) and cover described lower tank (1);
Step 3, with 1-10% sulfur hexafluoride and the mist of 90-99% argon gas, the air pressure of 1～5Kpa, by described the first protective gas pipeline (7), described lower tank (1) is carried out suppressing for 1～2 minute, described sulfur hexafluoride is floated over above described magnesium alloy liquation, form protective layer;
Step 4, by 12 pairs of described upper tanks of negative-pressure vacuum pipeline, vacuumize the negative pressure value of described upper tank is reached-20～-50KPa; Then the mist of 1-10% sulfur hexafluoride and 90-99% argon gas is injected to described upper tank (13) by the second protective gas pipeline (16), make the negative pressure of described upper tank (13) be raised to-10～-30KPa;
Step 5, employing pressue device (2), pressurize to described lower tank (1) with the air pressure of 10～80KPa, and (17 enter in described die cavity (14), realize pressure casting by described stalk to make described magnesium alloy liquation.
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