CN105598372A - Aluminum alloy investment casting method and investment casting device adopting near liquidus pouring - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy investment casting method and investment casting device adopting near liquidus pouring Download PDFInfo
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- CN105598372A CN105598372A CN201610155294.4A CN201610155294A CN105598372A CN 105598372 A CN105598372 A CN 105598372A CN 201610155294 A CN201610155294 A CN 201610155294A CN 105598372 A CN105598372 A CN 105598372A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy investment casting method adopting near liquidus pouring. The method comprises the following steps: preheating a mould shell to be close to the liquidus, performing near liquidus temperature pouring, and meanwhile, reducing the pouring temperature, and pouring after the melt temperature is higher than the temperature of the liquidus; after finishing pouring, immersing the mould shell into the cooling liquid at a certain speed, thereby effectively and accurately controlling a solidification process of the casting; quickening the cooling of the casting, thereby acquiring the high-quality aluminum alloy casting with uniform structure and small grain. In the casting solidification process, the temperature gradient can be accurately controlled, the lower part of the casting is firstly soaked into the cooling liquid and the upper part is still in the heating atmosphere and under the molten state, so that the casting can be solidified from bottom to top, the solidified part is subjected to full liquid feeding, the casting is compact in structure, and meanwhile, the casting stress in the solidification process of each part of the casting is eliminated. The method provided by the invention is fit for common aluminum alloy casting and large-size, thin-wall and complex aluminum alloy investment casting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal freezing and manufacture field, especially relate to a kind of aluminium alloy investment casting method and model casting device of near liquidus cast.
Background technology
Model casting can be produced complex-shaped, has the foundry goods of high dimensional accuracy and surface smoothness simultaneously, in casting field, is widely used. Wherein, aluminium alloy model casting is the most general at Aeronautics and Astronautics and civil area application. In model casting, the preheating of formwork contributes to improve mobility, but because the heat transfer coefficient of formwork is lower, has just limited the cooling velocity of foundry goods. Therefore,, with conventional casting method, such as permanent mold casting, sand casting etc. are compared, the cooling velocity that model casting is lower, is unfavorable for obtaining tiny crystal grain. Although so the dimensional accuracy of common investment-casting is higher, casting crystalline grain is organized thick, and its uniformity is difficult to control, and then affected the mechanical property of foundry goods. Therefore, model casting foundry goods, in design process, especially at aerospace field, conventionally will increase casting coefficient and ensure the mechanical performance of foundry goods, thereby limit the application of model casting at aerospace field.
As everyone knows, the organization decided of material the performance of material, and tiny grain structure can significantly improve the mechanical performance of foundry goods. So the grain refinement of aluminium alloy casting tissue is the hot issue of research always. Every factor that can promote forming core, inhibiting grain growth, can crystal grain thinning. At present, the grain refinement of aluminium alloy casting has three directions, is respectively and controls degree of supercooling, dynamically grain refinement and rotten processing.
Control degree of supercooling: by reducing pouring temperature, improve the cooling velocity of liquid metal, reach the object of grain refinement. Reduce pouring temperature, be especially chosen in and approach liquidus temperature and pour into a mould, can effectively increase the elementide of liquid metal, promote forming core; Cooling velocity can change the size of degree of supercooling, and cooling velocity is faster, and actual crystallization temperature is just lower, and degree of supercooling is just larger, and in the case of having larger degree of supercooling, thereby the increase of nucleation rate can obtain more fine grain sooner than the speed of nuclei growth.
Dynamically grain refinement: the metal solidifying is vibrated and stirred, one side dependence is inputted from the outside energy and impelled nucleus to form in advance, makes on the other hand the dendrite fragmentation in growing up, and increases nucleus number. The current method of having taked has the thin crystalline substance of mechanical field solidifying fine crystal, magnetic field solidifying fine crystal, the thin crystalline substance of electric field freezing method and ultrasonic coagulation etc.
Rotten thin brilliant: to reach refinement object by adding nucleating agent or microalloying, comprise phosphorus and phosphide modifying-refining, sodium salt degeneration refinement, the refinement of aluminium strontium intermediate alloy, the refinement of aluminium antimony intermediate alloy, Al-Ti-B alloy refinement and Al-Ti-C alloy refinement etc. Because solidifying of reality is heterogeneous nucleation, therefore, before melt solidifying, add the alterant that can serve as Heterogeneous Nucleation substrate, can improve nucleation rate.
For the thick problem of grain structure in aluminium alloy model casting, wish that developing one can temperature pour into a mould near liquidus curve, thereby obtain the casting technique of fine grained texture. But, along with the reduction of pouring temperature, the mobile performance variation of melt, need to improve formwork preheat temperature increases the cavity filling energy of this technique. Too high preheat temperature, has slowed down the heat radiation of melt, has reduced the setting rate of foundry goods, need to take measures to accelerate cooling method and obtain fine grained texture.
Summary of the invention
Thereby it is a kind of by improving mould shell temperature, obtain the aluminium alloy investment casting method that crystal grain is tiny, the near liquidus of the fine and close aluminium alloy castings of even tissue is poured into a mould near liquidus temperature being poured into a mould and after cast, formwork immersed to cooling fluid according to certain speed that first object of the present invention is to provide.
Second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of aluminium alloy model casting device of near liquidus cast.
First object of the present invention is achieved in that
An aluminium alloy investment casting method near liquidus cast, feature is:
A, produce wax-pattern, formwork according to traditional full form casting process;
B, in tank body by cooling fluid entrance inject cooling fluid, hoistable platform is located in the graphite cannula of top of the cooling fluid in tank body, formwork is placed on hoistable platform;
C, by electromagnetic induction heater, formwork is preheated to the liquidus temperature of aluminium alloy, or following 10～100 DEG C DEG C of liquidus curve; After aluminium alloy smelting, be transferred to casting ladle and leave standstill, treat that aluminium alloy melt temperature is down to above 10～90 DEG C of liquidus curve, the aluminium alloy melt in casting ladle is poured in formwork, complete cast;
After D, cast, hoistable platform declines with the speed of 0.5～10mm/s, and it is in the cooling fluid of 20～80 DEG C that formwork is immersed to temperature, realizes solidifying of melt, obtains the aluminium alloy castings of grain refinement;
E, close the power supply of electromagnetic induction heater, rise hoistable platform, take out foundry goods, remove formwork, obtain finished product cast.
Cooling fluid is the one in quenching oil, water-soluble polymer PAG (poly-alkylene glycol water) or water.
The temperature of cooling fluid is 20～90 DEG C.
Second object of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of aluminium alloy model casting device of near liquidus cast, comprise the tank body of upward opening, feature is: the tank body upper cover that is stamped Strip casting hole at the top of tank body, left side wall middle part at tank body is provided with cooling fluid entrance, right side wall bottom at tank body is provided with cooling liquid outlet, middle and lower part in tank body is marked with cooling fluid, above cooling fluid in tank body, be provided with the graphite cannula of tubular, be wound with the electromagnetic induction heater being connected with external power source at the outer wall of graphite cannula, hoistable platform is located in the graphite cannula in tank body by elevating lever, formwork is placed on hoistable platform.
Operation principle of the present invention is: because the temperature of formwork is near liquidus curve, thus in casting process, there will not be the defect such as cold shut, misrun, so be more conducive to the type that fills to large-scale, complicated, thin-section casting; Near liquidus is cast with and is beneficial to the elementide that increases melt, promotes forming core, easily obtains fine grained texture. After cast, formwork is still near liquidus temperature, and formwork immerses in cooling fluid by certain speed decline R with hoistable platform, and the part that formwork immerses cooling fluid takes the lead in solidifying, and is melt state in the metal on formwork top, has set up thermograde G. From metallography knowledge, the ratio of the decrease speed of thermograde and hoistable platform: G/R, has determined the form of foundry goods tissue. Along with reducing of the decrease speed of hoistable platform,, along with the increase of G/R value, grain structure has experienced respectively planar growth, column crystal growth and equiax crystal growth; Further improve decrease speed, lower metal liquid does not also solidify completely, and top liquid metal solidifies, cannot shrink and carry out feeding the liquid state of lower metal, there will be large-area shrinkage porosity defect of contraction cavity. So by controlling G/R value, can obtain the equiaxed grain structure that crystal grain is tiny. Meanwhile, because the decrease speed of hoistable platform is controlled, the setting time at the each position of foundry goods can be controlled, so for the foundry goods of different wall, also can be organized uniformly, improves uniformity and the stable mechanical property of foundry goods.
The present invention is preheated to mould shell temperature near liquidus curve, carries out the casting of near liquidus temperature, reduces pouring temperature simultaneously, pours into a mould higher than 10～90 DEG C of liquidus curves at melt temperature. After casting complete, the formwork that is full of melt is immersed in cooling fluid according to certain speed, thereby effectively, accurately control the process of setting of foundry goods, accelerate the cooling of foundry goods, just can obtain even tissue, high-quality aluminum alloy foundry goods that crystal grain is tiny. Because the thermograde in casting solidification process can accurately be controlled, foundry goods bottom takes the lead in again invading in cooling fluid, and top is still in heating atmosphere, and in molten condition, thereby can make foundry goods order from bottom to top solidify successively, the position of first solidifying obtains sufficient liquid feeding, and the casting stress in foundry goods each several part process of setting has been eliminated simultaneously by foundry goods dense structure. The present invention is applicable to common aluminum alloy hot investment casting and large-scale, thin-walled, the model casting of Complex Aluminum Alloy foundry goods.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart of this invention;
Fig. 2 is the equipment schematic diagram of this invention, wherein: 1-formwork; 2-graphite cannula; 3-electromagnetic induction heater; 4-cooling fluid entrance; 5-cooling liquid outlet; 6-cooling fluid; 7-hoistable platform; 8-tank body; 9-tank body upper cover; 10-casting ladle;
Fig. 3 is the cooling schematic diagram of the foundry goods of this invention, wherein: 1-melt; 2-formwork; 3-solid liquid interface; 4-solid metallic.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment and contrast accompanying drawing the present invention is further elaborated, it should be noted that the time of sclerosis can be set according to different technique.
Embodiment 1:
An aluminium alloy investment casting method near liquidus cast, concrete steps are as follows:
1, water-soluble polymer PAG is injected in tank body from cooling fluid entrance, temperature is room temperature;
2, formwork is placed on hoistable platform, opens electromagnetic induction heater, be warming up to 550 DEG C;
3,, by after ZL201A alloy melting, be transferred to casting ladle and leave standstill to 680 DEG C (fusion temperature scope is 548-650 DEG C), cast;
4, according to the difference of casting section thickness and size, hoistable platform is declined with 0.5mm/s speed, immerse in water-soluble polymer PAG, until the liquid level of cooling fluid and the bottom of dead head are concordant;
5, fast rise hoistable platform, takes out foundry goods, cleaning formwork.
With reference to Fig. 2, a kind of aluminium alloy model casting device of near liquidus cast, comprise the tank body 8 of upward opening, be stamped the tank body upper cover 9 in Strip casting hole at the top of tank body 8, left side wall middle part at tank body 8 is provided with cooling fluid entrance 4, right side wall bottom at tank body 8 is provided with cooling liquid outlet 5, middle and lower part in tank body 8 is marked with cooling fluid 6, above cooling fluid 6 in tank body 8, be provided with the graphite cannula 2 of tubular, be wound with the electromagnetic induction heater 3 being connected with external power source at the outer wall of graphite cannula 2, hoistable platform 7 is located in the graphite cannula 2 in tank body 8 by elevating lever, formwork 1 is placed on hoistable platform 7.
Embodiment 2:
An aluminium alloy investment casting method near liquidus cast, concrete steps are as follows:
1, water is injected to tank body from cooling fluid entrance, temperature is room temperature;
2, formwork is placed on hoistable platform, opens electromagnetic induction heater, be warming up to 600 DEG C;
3,, by after ZL116 alloy melting, be transferred to casting ladle and leave standstill to 630 DEG C (fusion temperature scope is 557-596 DEG C), cast;
4, according to the difference of casting section thickness and size, hoistable platform is declined with 1mm/s speed, be immersed in the water, until cooling-liquid level is concordant with dead head bottom;
5, fast rise hoistable platform, takes out foundry goods, cleaning formwork.
Aluminium alloy model casting device is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
An aluminium alloy investment casting method near liquidus cast, concrete steps are as follows:
1, quenching oil is injected to tank body from cooling fluid entrance, temperature is room temperature;
2, formwork is placed on hoistable platform, opens electromagnetic induction heater, be warming up to 600 DEG C;
3,, by after ZL303 alloy melting, be transferred to casting ladle and leave standstill to 680 DEG C (fusion temperature scope is 550-650 DEG C), cast;
4,, according to the difference of casting section thickness and size, hoistable platform is declined with 5mm/s speed, in dip quench oil, until cooling-liquid level is concordant with dead head bottom;
5, fast rise hoistable platform, takes out foundry goods, cleaning formwork.
Aluminium alloy model casting device is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4:
An aluminium alloy investment casting method near liquidus cast, concrete steps are as follows:
1, water-soluble polymer PAG is injected to tank body from cooling fluid entrance, temperature is 60 DEG C;
2, formwork is placed in to hoistable platform, opens electromagnetic induction heater, be warming up to 600 DEG C;
3,, by after ZL201A alloy melting, be transferred to casting ladle and leave standstill to 660 DEG C (fusion temperature scope is 548-650 DEG C), cast;
4, according to the difference of casting section thickness and size, hoistable platform is declined with 10mm/s speed, immerse in water-soluble polymer PAG, until cooling-liquid level is concordant with dead head bottom.
, fast rise hoistable platform, take out foundry goods, cleaning formwork.
Aluminium alloy model casting device is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5:
An aluminium alloy investment casting method near liquidus cast, concrete steps are as follows:
1, water is injected to tank body from cooling fluid entrance, temperature is 50 DEG C.
, formwork is placed in to hoistable platform, open electromagnetic induction heater, be warming up to 600 DEG C;
3,, by after ZL116 alloy melting, be transferred to casting ladle and leave standstill to 680 DEG C (fusion temperature scope is 557-596 DEG C), cast;
4, according to the difference of casting section thickness and size, hoistable platform is declined with 1mm/s speed, be immersed in the water, until cooling-liquid level is concordant with dead head bottom;
5, fast rise hoistable platform, takes out foundry goods, cleaning formwork.
Aluminium alloy model casting device is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6:
An aluminium alloy investment casting method near liquidus cast, concrete steps are as follows:
1, quenching oil is injected to tank body from cooling fluid entrance, temperature is 80 DEG C;
2, formwork is placed in to hoistable platform, opens electromagnetic induction heater, be warming up to 550 DEG C;
3,, by after ZL303 alloy melting, be transferred to casting ladle and leave standstill to 700 DEG C (fusion temperature scope is 550-650 DEG C), cast;
4,, according to the difference of casting section thickness and size, hoistable platform is declined with 5mm/s speed, in dip quench oil, until cooling-liquid level is concordant with dead head bottom;
5, fast rise hoistable platform, takes out foundry goods, cleaning formwork.
Aluminium alloy model casting device is with embodiment 1.
Claims (4)
1. an aluminium alloy investment casting method near liquidus cast, is characterized in that:
A, produce wax-pattern, formwork according to traditional full form casting process;
B, in tank body by cooling fluid entrance inject cooling fluid, hoistable platform is located in the graphite cannula of top of the cooling fluid in tank body, formwork is placed on hoistable platform;
C, by electromagnetic induction heater, formwork is preheated to the liquidus temperature of aluminium alloy, or following 10～100 DEG C DEG C of liquidus curve; After aluminium alloy smelting, be transferred to casting ladle and leave standstill, treat that aluminium alloy melt temperature is down to above 10～90 DEG C of liquidus curve, the aluminium alloy melt in casting ladle is poured in formwork, complete cast;
After D, cast, hoistable platform declines with the speed of 0.5～10mm/s, and it is in the cooling fluid of 20～80 DEG C that formwork is immersed to temperature, realizes solidifying of melt, obtains the aluminium alloy castings of grain refinement;
E, close the power supply of electromagnetic induction heater, rise hoistable platform, take out foundry goods, remove formwork, obtain finished product cast.
2. the aluminium alloy investment casting method of near liquidus cast according to claim 1, is characterized in that: cooling fluid is the one in quenching oil, water-soluble polymer PAG or water.
3. the aluminium alloy investment casting method of near liquidus cast according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the temperature of cooling fluid is 20～90 DEG C.
4. the aluminium alloy model casting device of a near liquidus cast, comprise the tank body of upward opening, it is characterized in that: the tank body upper cover that is stamped Strip casting hole at the top of tank body, left side wall middle part at tank body is provided with cooling fluid entrance, right side wall bottom at tank body is provided with cooling liquid outlet, middle and lower part in tank body is marked with cooling fluid, above cooling fluid in tank body, be provided with the graphite cannula of tubular, be wound with the electromagnetic induction heater being connected with external power source at the outer wall of graphite cannula, hoistable platform is located in the graphite cannula in tank body by elevating lever, formwork is placed on hoistable platform.
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106077500A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | A kind of heating furnace for the preheating of high temperature alloy precision casting shell and insulation |
| CN107271472A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-20 | 扬州大学 | A kind of device and its method of testing that water Experiment on Function is met for simulation concrete high temperature concrete on fire |
| CN107803493A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-03-16 | 安徽应流集团霍山铸造有限公司 | A kind of Turbine Casting pours into a mould special purpose device |
| CN110144479A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-20 | 内蒙古工业大学 | The method that fabricated in situ has the aluminum matrix composite of hierarchical structure |
| CN110449551A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-11-15 | 贵州安吉航空精密铸造有限责任公司 | A kind of gravity-assist pouring investment casting method |
| CN110465642A (en) * | 2019-09-13 | 2019-11-19 | 济南得德环保科技有限公司 | A kind of casting method of the cast iron cylinder cover for automobile engine |
| CN110711842A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2020-01-21 | 无锡市东明冠特种金属制造有限公司 | Directional solidification casting method of radiation finned tube |
| CN111036845A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-04-21 | 江苏中超航宇精铸科技有限公司 | Liquid-free formwork manufacturing method and system for investment precision casting |
| CN112570688A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-30 | 中北大学 | Solid-liquid forming steel-copper bimetallic material heat treatment method |
| CN113600795A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-11-05 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Casting method for refining investment casting structure |
| CN114309470A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏永瀚特种合金技术股份有限公司 | Method for eliminating dendritic crystal broken arm defects at single crystal blade edge plate through temperature field regulation |
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| CN106077500A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | A kind of heating furnace for the preheating of high temperature alloy precision casting shell and insulation |
| CN107271472A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-20 | 扬州大学 | A kind of device and its method of testing that water Experiment on Function is met for simulation concrete high temperature concrete on fire |
| CN107271472B (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2019-09-10 | 扬州大学 | The device and its test method of water Experiment on Function are met after a kind of high temperature fire for simulation concrete |
| CN107803493A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-03-16 | 安徽应流集团霍山铸造有限公司 | A kind of Turbine Casting pours into a mould special purpose device |
| CN110711842A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2020-01-21 | 无锡市东明冠特种金属制造有限公司 | Directional solidification casting method of radiation finned tube |
| CN110144479A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-20 | 内蒙古工业大学 | The method that fabricated in situ has the aluminum matrix composite of hierarchical structure |
| CN110449551A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-11-15 | 贵州安吉航空精密铸造有限责任公司 | A kind of gravity-assist pouring investment casting method |
| CN110465642A (en) * | 2019-09-13 | 2019-11-19 | 济南得德环保科技有限公司 | A kind of casting method of the cast iron cylinder cover for automobile engine |
| CN110465642B (en) * | 2019-09-13 | 2020-12-18 | 日照市听雨轩文化传媒有限公司 | Casting method of cast iron cylinder sleeve for automobile engine |
| CN111036845B (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2023-09-29 | 江苏中超航宇精铸科技有限公司 | Method and system for manufacturing liquid-free shuttering for investment precision casting |
| CN111036845A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-04-21 | 江苏中超航宇精铸科技有限公司 | Liquid-free formwork manufacturing method and system for investment precision casting |
| CN112570688A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-30 | 中北大学 | Solid-liquid forming steel-copper bimetallic material heat treatment method |
| CN113600795B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-07-14 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Casting method for refining investment casting structure |
| CN113600795A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-11-05 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Casting method for refining investment casting structure |
| CN114309470A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏永瀚特种合金技术股份有限公司 | Method for eliminating dendritic crystal broken arm defects at single crystal blade edge plate through temperature field regulation |
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