CN103682665B - A kind of metamaterial microwave antenna - Google Patents
A kind of metamaterial microwave antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN103682665B CN103682665B CN201210319308.3A CN201210319308A CN103682665B CN 103682665 B CN103682665 B CN 103682665B CN 201210319308 A CN201210319308 A CN 201210319308A CN 103682665 B CN103682665 B CN 103682665B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of metamaterial microwave antennas, it includes metamaterial panel, feed, first order subreflector and second level subreflector, the metamaterial panel is provided centrally with the first centre bore, and the second level subreflector is provided centrally with the second centre bore;The first order subreflector is on the first centre bore of the metamaterial panel, and the feed is on the second centre bore of the second level subreflector.The present invention can carry out the property of convergence electromagnetic wave and using the hyperboloid of revolution and class ellipsoid Meta Materials respectively as first order subreflector and second level subreflector using Meta Materials, the structure that can make antenna is compacter, and the microwave antenna with long-focus is equivalent in effect, the Energy distribution on bore face is adjusted simultaneously, so as to improve the aperture efficiency of antenna, good far-field radiation field response has been obtained;In addition, its difficulty of processing is small, it is at low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the communications field, more specifically to a kind of metamaterial microwave antenna.
Background technology
Microwave is the wave band between ultrashort wave and infrared ray in electromagnetic spectrum, and it is most short that it belongs to radio medium wavelength
(Frequency highest)Wave band, frequency range is from 300MHz(Wavelength 1m)To 300GHz (wavelength 0.1m).Work in metric wave, decimetre
The transmitting of the wave bands such as ripple, centimeter wave, millimeter wave or reception antenna are referred to as microwave antenna.In microwave antenna, application is wider
There are parabola antenna, horn reflector antenna, electromagnetic horn and lens antenna etc..
For example, existing satellite television receiving antenna is exactly parabola antenna, the parabola antenna is responsible for believing on satellite
It number is reflected into feed and tuner.Feed is for collecting satellite-signal at one of focal point setting of parabola antenna
Loudspeaker, also known as corrugated horn.There are two its major functions:First, the electromagnetic wave signal that antenna is received collects, it is transformed into
Signal voltage, supply high frequency head.Second is that polarization conversion is carried out to the electromagnetic wave of reception.Tuner LNB(Also known as frequency demultiplier)Being will
The satellite-signal that feed is sent carries out frequency reducing and signal amplification then passes to satellite receiver.
The workflow of LNB is exactly to recycle local oscillation circuit will after satellite high-frequency signals first are amplified to hundreds thousand of times
High-frequency signals are converted to intermediate frequency 950MHz-2050MHz, in favor of the transmission of coaxial cable and the demodulation work of satellite receiver
Make.Satellite receiver is to be demodulated the satellite-signal that tuner conveying comes, and demodulates satellite television image or digital signal
And audio signal.When receiving satellite-signal, after parallel electromagnetic wave is reflected by parabola antenna, converge on feed.In general,
The corresponding feed of parabola antenna is an electromagnetic horn.However, the Machining of Curved Surface difficulty of the reflecting surface due to parabola antenna
Greatly, required precision is also high, makes trouble, and cost is higher.In addition, the existing parabola antenna volume is larger, bore effect
Rate is low.
The content of the invention
The defects of technical problems to be solved by the invention are, are not easy for the processing of existing microwave antenna, are of high cost, carries
Metamaterial microwave antenna simple, that manufacture is at low cost is processed for a kind of.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of metamaterial microwave antenna, including the secondary reflection in metamaterial panel, feed, first order subreflector and the second level
Face, the metamaterial panel are provided centrally with the first centre bore, and the second level subreflector is provided centrally in second
Heart hole;For the first order subreflector on the first centre bore of the metamaterial panel, the feed is embedded in described second
On second centre bore of grade subreflector;
The first order subreflector is the hyperboloid of revolution, and the second level subreflector is class ellipsoid Meta Materials;Institute
Stating class ellipsoid Meta Materials includes diverging Meta Materials and positioned at the reflecting layer of the diverging Meta Materials one side;
The metamaterial panel includes core layer, and the core layer includes at least one core layer, the core layer
Lamella and diverging Meta Materials include the base material of sheet and set multiple man-made microstructures on base material;
The core layer can be divided into according to index distribution be distributed in around first centre bore and with it is described
Multiple annular regions of the concyclic heart of first centre bore, the refractive index in the annular region at same radius is identical, and in annular
It is gradually reduced in the respective region in region with the increase refractive index of radius, the annular of inside is in two neighboring annular region
The minimum value of the refractive index in region is less than the maximum of the refractive index of the annular region in outside.
Further, the first order subreflector central symmetry axis and the central symmetry axis weight of second level subreflector
It closes.
Further, the central symmetry axis of the first order subreflector and the central symmetry axis of second level subreflector
With the symmetrical overlapping of axles of the metamaterial panel.
Further, the regularity of distribution of refractive index is in the diverging Meta Materials:With the increase of radius, refractive index is gradual
Reduce, and the refractive index at same radius is identical.
Further, the core layer includes the core layer that multiple index distributions are identical and are mutually parallel.
Further, the first order subreflector is metal mirror.
Further, each annular region in the core layer is respectively provided with identical variations in refractive index scope.
Further, the metamaterial panel further includes the matching layer for being arranged on core layer both sides, with realize from air to
The impedance matching of core layer.
Further, multiple man-made microstructure shapes of each core layer of the core layer are identical, the annular
Multiple man-made microstructures in region at same radius have an identical physical dimension, and in the respective region of annular region with
The physical dimension for the increase man-made microstructure of radius is gradually reduced, two neighboring annular region, the annular region in inside
The physical dimension of the man-made microstructure of interior physical dimension minimum is less than the people of physical dimension maximum in the annular region in outside
Make the physical dimension of micro-structure.
Further, the man-made microstructure is the metal micro structure of plane flakes.
The advantageous effect of metamaterial microwave antenna of the present invention:The present invention can carry out the property of convergence electromagnetic wave using Meta Materials
And by the use of the hyperboloid of revolution and class ellipsoid Meta Materials as first order subreflector and second level subreflector, antenna can be made
Structure is compacter, and the microwave antenna with long-focus is equivalent in effect, while adjusts the Energy distribution on bore face,
So as to improve the aperture efficiency of antenna, good far-field radiation field response has been obtained;In addition, its difficulty of processing is small, it is at low cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the metamaterial microwave antenna of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the index distribution schematic diagram of the core layer of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structure diagram of the class ellipsoid Meta Materials of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the index distribution schematic diagram of the second diverging Meta Materials of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, metamaterial microwave antenna according to the present invention include feed 10, first order subreflector 20,
Second level subreflector 30 and metamaterial panel 40.The metamaterial panel 40 is provided at its center circular first
Centre bore, the second level subreflector 30 are provided with the second centre bore at its center, and the metamaterial panel 40 includes
Core layer 401 and the matching layer 402 for being arranged on 401 both side surface of core layer, the core layer 401 include at least one core layer
Lamella, the core layer include the base material of sheet and set multiple man-made microstructures on base material, the core layer
Lamella can be divided into according to index distribution be distributed in it is multiple around the first centre bore and with the concyclic heart of the first centre bore
Annular region.In two neighboring annular region, the minimum value of the refractive index of the annular region in inside is less than in outside
The maximum of the refractive index of annular region.It is to preferably retouch that core layer is divided into multiple annular regions according to refractive index
The present invention is stated, being not meant to the core layer of the present invention has such practical structures.
In the present invention, the longitudinal cross-section of the metamaterial panel 40 can be the rectangle for having center hole, can also
Be annular, can also be other those skilled in the art it is conceivable that figure, as shown in Fig. 2, the metamaterial panel 40
For annular, i.e. the annular metamaterial panel includes ringed nucleus central layer and the annular matching layer positioned at the ringed nucleus central layer both sides,
Matching layer is transferred to ringed nucleus central layer from air for electromagnetic wave or ringed nucleus central layer is transferred to the impedance matching of air.Its
In, ringed nucleus central layer is formed including at least one toroid core synusia layer.Each toroid core synusia layer is arranged according to refractive index
Rule is segmented into multiple annular regions, for example, as shown in Fig. 2, the toroid core synusia layer according to refractive index arrangement rule
It is divided into tri- regions of H1, H2, H3, wherein be gradually reduced in the respective region of H1, H2, H3 with the increase refractive index of radius,
It is and identical with the refractive index at Radius;In tri- regions of H1, H2, H3, all with identical variations in refractive index scope, example
Such as:Refractive index in three regions is 5,4,3,2,1, and the folding of the annular region of inside is in two neighboring annular region
Penetrate maximum of the minimum value less than the refractive index of the annular region in outside of rate.I.e. in the intersection in H1 and H2 regions, position
It is 1 in the refractive index in the region of H1, but the refractive index in the H2 regions is exactly the boundary between 5, H2 and H3 regions
Place is also such.
In the present invention, the first order subreflector 20 is arranged on the first centre bore of metamaterial panel 40, and is located at
On the central axes of the metamaterial panel 40, i.e., in the line at the center of feed 10 and core layer and metamaterial panel 40
Axis overlaps.As shown in Figure 1, feed 10 is on second centre bore at the center of second level subreflector 30;The first order is secondary anti-
Face 20 is penetrated in the inner circle of circular ring shape metamaterial panel 40;The phase center of feed 10(It needs to measure)It is secondary anti-to be placed in the first order
It penetrates on the equivalent outside focus A in face 20, the equivalent distal end focus of second level subreflector 30 is placed in first order subreflector 20
On equivalent inside focus B, the equivalent near-end focus of second level subreflector 30 is denoted as C;
The first order subreflector 20 is the hyperboloid of revolution, and the hyperboloid of revolution is metal mirror, and preferably copper is anti-
Penetrate face.
The second level subreflector 30 is class ellipsoid Meta Materials, and the class ellipsoid Meta Materials include diverging Meta Materials
301 and positioned at the reflecting layer 302 of the diverging Meta Materials one side, the reflecting plate 302 is metallic reflector, can select copper
Wait metals.The diverging Meta Materials 301 are as metamaterial sheet, and also the base material including sheet and setting are more on base material
A man-made microstructure;The regularity of distribution of refractive index is in the diverging Meta Materials:The area hollowed out centered on the diverging Meta Materials
Domain, the region hollowed out is occupied by feed 10, and with the increase of radius, refractive index is gradually reduced, and at same radius
Refractive index it is identical, as shown in Figure 3.The reflecting layer 302 can pass through two-sided glue sticking, Huo Zhetong with diverging Meta Materials 301
Bolt etc. is crossed to be fixedly connected.
The symmetry axis of above-mentioned class ellipsoid Meta Materials and the central symmetry overlapping of axles of the hyperboloid of revolution, and with Meta Materials face
The symmetrical overlapping of axles of plate 40;The feed 10 has stent support with metamaterial panel 40, and stent is not showed that in figure, is not
The core of the present invention, using traditional supporting way.In addition feed 10 is preferably electromagnetic horn.
The core layer 401 includes the core layer that multiple index distributions are identical and are mutually parallel.Multiple cores layer
Lamella fits closely, and can also be fixedly connected between each other by two-sided glue sticking or by bolt etc..
The man-made microstructure of the present invention is preferably metal micro structure, and the metal micro structure is by one or more metal wire group
Into.Metal wire has certain width and thickness in itself.The metal micro structure of the present invention is preferably to have isotropic electromagnetism
The metal micro structure of parameter, the metal micro structure are the metal micro structure of plane flakes.
For the man-made microstructure with planar structure, isotropism, refer on the two dimensional surface with any angle
Spend incident any electromagnetic wave, above-mentioned man-made microstructure electric field response on this plane and magnetic responsiveness all same, Ye Jijie
Electric constant is identical with magnetic conductivity;For the man-made microstructure with three-dimensional structure, isotropism refers in three dimensions
Incident electromagnetic wave in either direction, each electric field response and magnetic responsiveness of the above-mentioned man-made microstructure on three dimensions are homogeneous
Together.When man-made microstructure is 90 degree of rotational symmetry structures, man-made microstructure has isotropic feature.
For two-dimension plane structure, 90 degree of rotational symmetry refer to that it perpendicular to the plane and crosses that its is right around one on this plane
The rotation axis at title center overlaps after being arbitrarily rotated by 90 ° with original structure;For three-dimensional structure, if with vertical two-by-two and friendship altogether
Point(Intersection point is pivot)3 rotation axis so that the structure around any rotation axis be rotated by 90 ° after overlapped with original structure
Or it is symmetrical with an interface with original structure, then the structure is 90 degree of rotational symmetry structures.
Known refractive indexWherein μ is relative permeability, and ε is relative dielectric constant, and μ and ε is collectively referred to as electromagnetism ginseng
Number.It is demonstrated experimentally that during electromagnetic wave dielectric material heterogeneous by refractive index, it can be to the big direction deviation of refractive index(To refraction
The big metamaterial unit deviation of rate).Therefore, core layer of the invention has convergence effect, the hairs such as satellite or base station to electromagnetic wave
The electromagnetic wave gone out emits electromagnetic wave by feed 10 first, successively by the secondary reflection 30 of first order subreflector 20 and the second level
After reflection, then the convergence effect by metamaterial panel 40, therefore, the index distribution of core layer 401 is rationally designed, can be made
The electromagnetic wave that sends such as satellite or base station successively after first reflection, the second secondary reflection, converged using metamaterial panel
It is poly-, can be by electromagenetic wave radiation into free space, and the gain of antenna can be improved.If in the situation that the material of base material is selected
Under, it can on base material be arranged by designing the shape, physical dimension and/or man-made microstructure of man-made microstructure and obtain super material
Electromagnetic parameter distribution inside material, in of the invention, multiple man-made microstructure shapes of each core layer of the core layer 401
Shape is identical, and multiple man-made microstructures in the annular region at same radius have identical physical dimension, and in annulus
The physical dimension of increase man-made microstructure in the respective region in domain with radius is gradually reduced, two neighboring annular region, place
It is less than in the physical dimension of the man-made microstructure of physical dimension minimum in the annular region of inside in the annular region in outside
The physical dimension of the man-made microstructure of physical dimension maximum, so as to design the index distribution of each core layer.First
The electromagnetic parameter spatial distribution inside Meta Materials is calculated from the required effect of Meta Materials, according to the space of electromagnetic parameter
It is distributed to select shape, the physical dimension of man-made microstructure(There are many man-made microstructure data for storage in advance in computer), it is right
The design of man-made microstructure can use the method for exhaustion, such as first select a man-made microstructure with given shape, calculate electromagnetism
Parameter, by the comparison that obtained result is wanted with us, cycle is multiple, until until finding the electromagnetic parameter that we want,
If having found, the design parameter selection of man-made microstructure is completed;If not finding, a kind of man-made microstructure of shape is changed,
Cycling above is repeated, until until finding the electromagnetic parameter that we want.If still do not found, the above process is not yet
It can stop.That is the man-made microstructure of the electromagnetic parameter of our needs is only had found, program can just stop.Due to this
Process is completed by computer, therefore, is seemed complicated, will soon be completed in fact.
In the present invention, the base materials of the core layer 401 and class ellipsoid Meta Materials by ceramic material, high molecular material,
Ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material etc. are made.High molecular material is available polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), epoxy resin, F4B
Composite material, FR-4 composite materials etc..For example, the electrical insulating property of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is very good, therefore will not be to the electricity of electromagnetic wave
Field generates interference, and has excellent chemical stability, corrosion resistance, and service life is long.
In the present invention, the metal micro structure is the metal wires such as copper wire or silver wire.Above-mentioned metal wire can by etching,
Plating, carve, photoetching, the method that electronics is carved or ion is carved are attached on base material.It is of course also possible to use three-dimensional Laser Processing
Technique.
As shown in Figure 1, the structure diagram of the metamaterial panel for first embodiment of the invention, in the present embodiment, institute
It states metamaterial panel and further includes the matching layer 402 for being arranged on core layer both sides, to realize from air to core layer 401 impedance
Match somebody with somebody.It is known that the refractive index between medium is bigger, then when electromagnetic wave is from a medium incident to another transfer, reflection is got over
Greatly, reflection is big, it is meant that the loss of energy at this time just needs the matching of refractive index, it is known that refractive indexWherein μ is
Relative permeability, ε are relative dielectric constant, and μ and ε is collectively referred to as electromagnetic parameter.It is understood that the refractive index of air is 1, therefore, this
Sample designs matching layer, i.e. refractive index and air close to the one side of air is essentially identical, the refractive index close to the one side of core layer
It is essentially identical with the core layer refractive index that it connects.In this way, being achieved that the index matching from air to core layer, subtract
Small reflection, i.e., energy loss can be reduced greatly, and such electromagnetic wave can transmit farther.
In conclusion the present invention can carry out the property of convergence electromagnetic wave and by the use of the hyperboloid of revolution as secondary using Meta Materials
Reflecting surface, the structure that can make antenna is compacter, and the microwave antenna with long-focus is equivalent in effect, while adjusts mouth
Energy distribution on diametric plane so as to improve the aperture efficiency of antenna, has obtained good far-field radiation field response;In addition, it adds
Work difficulty is small, at low cost.
The embodiment of the present invention is described above in conjunction with attached drawing, but the invention is not limited in above-mentioned specific
Embodiment, above-mentioned specific embodiment is only schematical rather than restricted, those of ordinary skill in the art
Under the enlightenment of the present invention, present inventive concept and scope of the claimed protection are not being departed from, can also made very much
Form, these are belonged within the protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of metamaterial microwave antenna, which is characterized in that including metamaterial panel, feed, first order subreflector and
Two level subreflector, the metamaterial panel are provided centrally with the first centre bore, and the center of the second level subreflector is set
It is equipped with the second centre bore;For the first order subreflector on the first centre bore of the metamaterial panel, the feed is embedding
In on the second centre bore of the second level subreflector;
The first order subreflector is the hyperboloid of revolution, and the second level subreflector is ellipsoid Meta Materials;The ellipse
Face Meta Materials include diverging Meta Materials and positioned at the reflecting layer of the diverging Meta Materials one side;
The metamaterial panel includes core layer, and the core layer includes at least one core layer, the core layer
And diverging Meta Materials include the base material of sheet and set multiple man-made microstructures on base material;
The core layer can be divided into according to index distribution to be distributed in around first centre bore and with described first
Multiple annular regions of the concyclic heart of centre bore, the refractive index in the annular region at same radius is identical, and in annular region
It is gradually reduced in respective region with the increase refractive index of radius, the annular region of inside is in two neighboring annular region
Refractive index minimum value be less than in outside annular region refractive index maximum;Refractive index in the diverging Meta Materials
The regularity of distribution be:With the increase of radius, refractive index is gradually reduced, and the refractive index at same radius is identical.
A kind of 2. metamaterial microwave antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first order subreflector center
The central symmetry overlapping of axles of symmetry axis and second level subreflector.
3. a kind of metamaterial microwave antenna according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in the first order subreflector
Symmetrical overlapping of axles of the central symmetry axis of heart symmetry axis and second level subreflector with the metamaterial panel.
4. a kind of metamaterial microwave antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the core layer includes multiple refractions
Rate is distributed core layer that is identical and being mutually parallel.
5. a kind of metamaterial microwave antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first order subreflector is gold
Belong to reflecting surface.
6. a kind of metamaterial microwave antenna according to claim 4, which is characterized in that each in the core layer
Annular region is respectively provided with identical variations in refractive index scope.
7. a kind of metamaterial microwave antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the metamaterial panel, which further includes, to be set
The matching layer in core layer both sides is put, to realize the impedance matching from air to core layer.
A kind of 8. metamaterial microwave antenna according to claim 1 to 7 any one, which is characterized in that the core layer
Each core layer multiple man-made microstructure shapes it is identical, it is multiple artificial micro- at same radius in the annular region
Structure have identical physical dimension, and in the respective region of annular region with radius increase man-made microstructure geometry
Size is gradually reduced, two neighboring annular region, the man-made microstructure of physical dimension minimum in the annular region in inside
Physical dimension is less than the physical dimension of the man-made microstructure of physical dimension maximum in the annular region in outside.
9. a kind of metamaterial microwave antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the man-made microstructure is avenged for plane
Flower-shaped metal micro structure.
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CN109768374A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-05-17 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of millimeter wave lens antenna |
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CN107579353B (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2020-10-09 | 西安电子科技大学 | High-directivity columnar convex surface conformal reflector antenna based on super surface |
CN110571531B (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-07-30 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Multi-beam phased array antenna based on parabolic cylinder reflective array |
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CN202042599U (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2011-11-16 | 华为技术有限公司 | Double reflector antenna |
CN202231160U (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2012-05-23 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Antenna based on metamaterial |
CN102544745A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-07-04 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Hybrid transmission-reflection microwave antenna |
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CN202042599U (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2011-11-16 | 华为技术有限公司 | Double reflector antenna |
CN202231160U (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2012-05-23 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Antenna based on metamaterial |
CN102544745A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-07-04 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Hybrid transmission-reflection microwave antenna |
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