CN103674658B - A kind of preparation method of random crack test model - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of random crack test model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of random crack test model, it is by the way that the crack fragment of different-thickness, different size and different number is incorporated at random in continuous media body Model material, the Native structural features such as rock cranny, joint can be effectively simulated to prepare, and the test model of the anisotropic property of the rock mass random features distribution and complicated mechanical environment of anisotropic property, the simulation test of random crack rock is carried out with this.Model preparation process of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, and compared with the existing technology, the strata model prepared and engineering rock mass are closer, and test result is more bonded with rock mass truth.The preparation method of random crack test model of the invention, it is applicable to large-scale analog simulation test, there is the preparation of the simulation test model of structural requirement etc. to rock stratum particularly with regard to analog simulation pressure observation, heterogeneous rock stratum fluid structurecoupling simulated experiment, the test of fractured coal and rock Excavation simulation etc..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of rock mass mechanics performance test model more particularly to a kind of random cracks
The preparation method of test model belongs to underground engineering modelling technique field.
Background technique
Rock is as a kind of heterogeneous material with internal structure, under external force, rock interior microdefect at
Core, extension and mutual effect determine macroscopic deformation, the destruction characteristic of rock.Although scholar is in study of rocks rupture side
Face achieves many beneficial achievements.But these researchs are always to carry out on uniform dielectric supposed premise, are seldom related to
The rock failure mechanism of rock caused by rock itself heterogeneity.Due to the long term of tectonic stress field, rock is not homogeneous, but by
The heterogeneous anisotropic of the compositions such as various sliding surface, crackle, joint, plane of weakness, interlayer and tomography and discrete
Complex structure body, the mechanical characteristic of discontinuous face usually determine the mechanical characteristic of entire rock mass.The unstability of random crack rock and
Destroy all is finally caused by the perforation slide surface that is generated by opening, closure and the extension of these discontinuity surfaces inside rock mass
's.By the random features and environmental effect rock mass, and the engineering of rock mass acts on mechanics Unified Model to indoor
In simulation test, deformation, destructive process and the mechanism of rock mass are simulated, becomes a kind of having for row of research Jointed Rock Masses
The method of effect.With the research and development of indoor similar physics analogue test platform, a system such as mining rock deformation, mobile, destruction is reappeared
The mine pressure of column shows phenomenon, so that Problems of Underground Engineering can be studied in this, as a kind of important means, reaches real
" emulation " purpose.
It, can be in prototype for there is the jointed rock mass of determining occurrence and connected ratio in current similar physical simulation experiment
Between model, the frequency of joint fissure, connected ratio and spacing between them etc. may be implemented according to condition of similarity, but right
For random joints rock mass, spatial position, occurrence and the size of joint, crack in rock mass are all random, and tradition is adopted
The mode pile up, inlayed is relatively difficult and time-consuming and laborious, and production modelling effect is poor.It is how special in the random structure rock mass
Seek peace environmental effect and rock mass engineering effect mechanics Unified Model into indoor simulation test, how in simulation material
Crack random distribution is gone in a model in material, can this be difficult point and the emphasis place of analog simulation test, and by room
The successful key point of interior simulation true reappearance natural fissure rock mass anisotropic property.
The preparation method of the random crack simulated experiment sample model of the prior art, by using the side piled up, inlayed
Formula is inserted into the modes such as crack fragment, prepares Single Fracture, double crack sample models.There are sample model production precision is low, time-consuming for it
Arduously, crevice space distribution and occurrence distribution cannot be guaranteed the series of problems such as randomness, in particular, sample is in condensation cure process
In need in time to extract crack gage out, thus when inevitably resulting in sample model destruction, can not obtain can be really anti-
The sample model for the engineering rock mass simulated needed for mirroring.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of random cracks easy to operate, with good anisotropic property to test mould
The preparation method of type.
The technical issues that need to address are the present invention to achieve the above object, how by crack simulation material, that is, different thickness
Degree, different size and different number crack fragment be incorporated into continuous media body Model material at random, with this come simulate with
The test of machine crack rock, the Native structural features such as rock cranny, joint and rock mass institute preservation can effectively be simulated by producing
Anisotropic property rock mass random features distribution and rock mass institute preservation complicated mechanical environment have it is good non-
The technical issues of random crack test model of homogenous properties.
The present invention to solve above-mentioned technical problem the technical solution adopted is that, a kind of preparation side of random crack test model
Method, which comprises the steps of:
A. on the basis of engineering rock mass subregion, geology is carried out to the intracorporal Fracture Networks geological information structural element of subregion rock
Situation statistics, scene is taken out rock sample and tested out to be split contained by rock sample elasticity modulus and uniaxial compressive strength and unit volume
Gap number；
B. according to the geological condition counted, the geometric similarity ratio C of experimental model is determinedl, bulk density likelihood ratio Cγ, intensity phase
Like than CR=Cl×Cγ, elasticity modulus likelihood ratio CE=Cl×Cγ, and the specific size of model, aggregate, cementing material are determined with this
Raw material and proportion；
C., crack thin slice is cut into the fragment of arbitrary shape, according to the crack quantity and volume come out in engineering rock mass
Percentage determines the additional amount of the crack fragment of required addition in modelling raw material；
Water is added to stir evenly in mixing drum the mixture that aggregate and cementing material form, it is spare；
Then water is added to stir evenly in mixing drum the mixture that aggregate, cementing material and crack fragment form, it is spare；
D. after the bottom wall of analog simulation platform rigid die is laid with the mixture without containing crack thin slice in advance, successively will
The mixture containing crack fragment stirred evenly pours into analog simulation platform rigid die, carries out the layer-by-layer laying of sample；
One layer of sample of every laying, is first paved mixture with grafter, recycles the three-dimensional compression system compacting that platform is included；
Wherein, the mixture without containing crack thin slice is laid in the top layer of sample；
In the contact position of sample and each wall surface of analog simulation platform rigid die, it is laid with the mixing for not containing crack thin slice
Material；
E. sample is taken out in demoulding, is placed in ventilation, cool place, dry place one week or so, progress natural air drying.
The technical effect brought directely by the technical proposal is that the crack fragment using different number saves to simulate in rock mass
Reason, the density size in crack, and crack fragment is blended at random in model mixture, without extraction, it ensure that crack fragment
Spatial distribution and occurrence distribution in model rock stratum are random.Solves sample model production essence existing in the prior art
Degree requirement is high, time-consuming and laborious, and crevice space distribution and occurrence distribution cannot be guaranteed the series of problems such as randomness, in particular, sample
It does not need in time to extract crack gage out during condensation cure, realizes the one-pass molding of sample model, obtained sample
The truth for the engineering rock mass that model is simulated needed for capable of better conforming to.
The preparation method of above-mentioned random crack test model is prepared simple, easy to operate.
The preparation method of above-mentioned random crack test model, crack number is according to counting in engineering rock mass in rock mass
As a result after, after the size of model volume, the number in crack in model, different crack numbers are conversed according to percent by volume
There is larger difference to the mold strength under same proportion.The strata model and engineering rock mass of this method preparation are closer, examination
Result is tested more to be bonded with rock mass truth.
Each outer surface of the preparation method of above-mentioned random crack test model, the sample model prepared is not directed to research
The rock stratum in region is laid with the mixture without containing crack thin slice, to eliminate crack in model lower edges and circumferential distribution
On interference possible during test and influence, which further improves " simulation qualities " of sample model；
The preparation method of above-mentioned random crack test model is tested using simulation experiment platform hydraulic loading system
The compacting of model can achieve the purpose of consolidation molding and compensation load, thus preparation method is simple, easy to operate；
And the preparation method of above-mentioned random crack test model tests large-scale analog simulation, particularly with regard to
Analog simulation pressure observation, heterogeneous rock stratum fluid structurecoupling simulated experiment, the test of fractured coal and rock Excavation simulation etc. have rock stratum
The simulation of structural requirement is applicable.
Crystal powder and iron powder preferably, above-mentioned aggregate is attached most importance to；The cementing material is gypsum.
Further preferably, above-mentioned crack fragment is mica sheet or ptfe sheet, the length and width of crack fragment
For 0.2-1mm, with a thickness of 0.1-0.7mm.
The above-mentioned direct bring of optimal technical scheme has the technical effect that, on the one hand, is since mica sheet, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are thin
Not the bonding, be waterproof of piece, the enough characteristics more close to engineering rock mass crack of the smooth coefficient of friction low energy in surface；On the other hand,
Raw material sources are extensive, are easily obtained.
In conclusion a kind of preparation method of random crack test model of the invention, has the advantages that
The presence at joint in rock mass, crack is simulated using different size of crack fragment, and crack fragment is mixed at random
It closes in model mixture, sample does not need to extract out crack gage during condensation cure and after the completion of model preparation, makes
Preparation Method is simple, easy to operate, and it is extensive to prepare raw material sources, is easily obtained, realizes the one-pass molding of sample model, gained
To sample model can better conform to needed for simulate engineering rock mass truth.
This aspect ensure that spatial distribution and occurrence distribution of the crack fragment in model rock stratum are random；
On the other hand, it solves sample model existing in the prior art and makes required precision height, the time-consuming expense of modelling
Power, crevice space distribution and occurrence distribution are it cannot be guaranteed that the series of problems such as randomness.
The present invention carries out the compacting of experimental model using simulation experiment platform hydraulic loading system, can achieve consolidation molding
With the purpose of compensation load；
The present invention due in its rock mass crack number be according in engineering rock mass after statistical result, according to model volume
After size, the number in crack in model is conversed according to percent by volume, different crack numbers are strong to the model under same proportion
Degree has larger difference.The strata model and engineering rock mass of this method preparation are closer, test result and rock mass truth
More it is bonded；
Each outer surface for the sample model that the present invention prepares, which is not directed to the rock stratum of survey region be laid with do not contain, to be split
The mixture of gap thin slice, so that it is possible dry during model lower edges and circumferential distribution are to test to eliminate crack
It disturbs and influences, which further improves " simulation qualities " of sample model；
The preparation method of random crack test model of the invention tests large-scale analog simulation, particularly with regard to
Analog simulation pressure observation, heterogeneous rock stratum fluid structurecoupling simulated experiment, the test of fractured coal and rock Excavation simulation etc. have rock stratum
The production of the simulation test model of structural requirement etc. is applicable.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the preparation method of random crack test model of the invention is described in detail.
The engineering rock mass of the embodiment of the present invention takes to Jibei Deep Mining mine.
Scene takes rock, in the rock sample Fracture Networks geological information structural element carry out geological statistics investigation, along drilling,
Line direction measures crack number, be converted into volume intercepted containing crack number sample size be 250mm × 250mm ×
250mm, measuring the crack number in the test specimen is 0.08, and sample bulk density is 27KNm-3, elasticity modulus 27GPa, pressure resistance
Degree is 54MPa, the interior friction likelihood ratio C of structural planefIt can be taken as 1.Analysis of experiments is carried out such as with the model in the crack containing different number
Under:
Embodiment 1
Experimental method is as follows:
Take geometric similarity ratio ClIt is 6, i.e., moulded dimension is that 1.5m × 1.5m × 1.5m is calculated according to model volume ratio
Crack number is about 18 in test model, and the crack chip thickness of use is about 0.1mm, and size is less than 5mm, shape approximation square
Shape；Bulk density likelihood ratio Cγ1.5 are taken as, then elasticity modulus likelihood ratio CE=Cl×Cγ=9
According to intensity likelihood ratio CR=CE=Cl×Cγ=9, calculate the bulk density of the model under corresponding proportion, compression strength and
Elastic mould value selects different material mixture ratios according to calculated mold strength value.
Aggregate selects recrystallization powder and iron powder, cementing material are gypsum, and proportion and its mechanics parameter are as follows:
Water is added to stir evenly in mixing drum in recrystallization powder, iron powder and gypsum, it is spare；
Crack thin slice (mica sheet or ptfe sheet) is added in recrystallization powder, iron powder and gypsum to be uniformly mixed, is put
Enter in mixing drum plus water is sufficiently stirred, it is spare；
According to after the bottom wall of analog simulation platform rigid die is laid with the mixture without containing crack thin slice in advance, successively
The mixture containing crack fragment stirred evenly is poured into analog simulation platform rigid die, the layer-by-layer paving of sample is carried out
If；
One layer of sample of every laying, is first paved mixture with grafter, recycles the three-dimensional compression system compacting that platform is included；
Wherein, the mixture without containing crack thin slice is laid in the top layer of sample；It is rigid in sample and analog simulation platform
Property each wall surface of mold contact position, be laid with do not contain crack thin slice mixture；
Sample is taken out in demoulding, is placed in ventilation, cool place, dry place one week or so, progress natural air drying 4-5 days；
Sample model is the cylindrical body of 50 × 100mm of φ.
Triaxial compressions comparative test is carried out to the test model prepared respectively, test result is (being test value): anti-
Compressive Strength is 5.4MPa, elasticity modulus 2.67GPa, and compared with calculated value, error rate is respectively 10%, 11%；
Embodiment 2
Take geometric similarity ratio ClIt is 9, i.e., moulded dimension is 2.25m × 2.25m × 2.25m, according to model volume ratio, is calculated
Crack number is about 58 in test model out, and the crack chip thickness of use is about 0.1mm, and size is less than 5mm, shape approximation square
Shape；Bulk density likelihood ratio Cγ1.5 are taken as, then elasticity modulus likelihood ratio CE=Cl×Cγ=13.5
According to intensity likelihood ratio CR=CE=Cl×Cγ=13.5, calculate bulk density, the compression strength of the model under corresponding proportion
And elastic mould value, different material mixture ratios is selected according to calculated mold strength value.
Aggregate selects recrystallization powder and iron powder, cementing material are gypsum, and proportion and its mechanics parameter are as follows:
Water is added to stir evenly in mixing drum in recrystallization powder, iron powder and gypsum, it is spare；
Crack thin slice (mica sheet or ptfe sheet) is added in recrystallization powder, iron powder and gypsum to be uniformly mixed, is put
Enter in mixing drum plus water is sufficiently stirred, it is spare；
According to after the bottom wall of analog simulation platform rigid die is laid with the mixture without containing crack thin slice in advance, successively
The mixture containing crack fragment stirred evenly is poured into analog simulation platform rigid die, the layer-by-layer paving of sample is carried out
If；
One layer of sample of every laying, is first paved mixture with grafter, recycles the three-dimensional compression system compacting that platform is included；
Wherein, the mixture without containing crack thin slice is laid in the top layer of sample；It is rigid in sample and analog simulation platform
Property each wall surface of mold contact position, be laid with do not contain crack thin slice mixture；
Sample is taken out in demoulding, is placed in ventilation, cool place, dry place one week or so, progress natural air drying 4-5 days；
Sample model is the cylindrical body of 50 × 100mm of φ.
Triaxial compressions comparative test is carried out to the test model prepared respectively, test result is (being test value): anti-
Compressive Strength is 3.38MPa, elasticity modulus 1.69GPa, and compared with calculated value, error rate is respectively 16%, 15.5%；
Embodiment 3
Take geometric similarity ratio ClIt is 14, i.e., moulded dimension is that 3.5m × 3.5m × 3.5m is calculated according to model volume ratio
Crack number is about 220 in test model, and the crack chip thickness of use is about 0.1mm, and size is less than 5mm, shape approximation square
Shape；Bulk density likelihood ratio Cγ1.5 are taken as, then elasticity modulus likelihood ratio CE=Cl×Cγ=21
According to intensity likelihood ratio CR=CE=Cl×Cγ=21, calculate bulk density, the compression strength of the model under corresponding proportion with
And elastic mould value, different material mixture ratios is selected according to calculated mold strength value.
Aggregate selects recrystallization powder and iron powder, cementing material are gypsum, and proportion and its mechanics parameter are as follows:
Water is added to stir evenly in mixing drum in recrystallization powder, iron powder and gypsum, it is spare；
Crack thin slice (mica sheet or ptfe sheet) is added in recrystallization powder, iron powder and gypsum to be uniformly mixed, is put
Enter in mixing drum plus water is sufficiently stirred, it is spare；
According to after the bottom wall of analog simulation platform rigid die is laid with the mixture without containing crack thin slice in advance, successively
The mixture containing crack fragment stirred evenly is poured into analog simulation platform rigid die, the layer-by-layer paving of sample is carried out
If；
One layer of sample of every laying, is first paved mixture with grafter, recycles the three-dimensional compression system compacting that platform is included；
Wherein, the mixture without containing crack thin slice is laid in the top layer of sample；It is rigid in sample and analog simulation platform
Property each wall surface of mold contact position, be laid with do not contain crack thin slice mixture；
Sample is taken out in demoulding, is placed in ventilation, cool place, dry place one week or so, progress natural air drying 4-5 days；
Sample model is the cylindrical body of 50 × 100mm of φ.
Triaxial compressions comparative test is carried out to the test model prepared respectively, test result is (being test value): anti-
Compressive Strength is 2.05MPa, elasticity modulus 1.07GPa, and compared with calculated value, error rate is respectively 20%, 16.7%.
By the load physical test carried out under above-mentioned three kinds same proportions, different cracks quantitative model, it will thus be seen that random
Crack number is more, and the mechanics parameter error deviation of the model is larger, but error amount is 20% hereinafter, can more accurately
Realize the production of different number of random model of fissuration.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of preparation method of random crack test model, which comprises the steps of:
A. on the basis of engineering rock mass subregion, geological condition is carried out to the intracorporal Fracture Networks geological information structural element of subregion rock
Statistics, scene take out rock sample and test out crack number contained by rock sample elasticity modulus and uniaxial compressive strength and unit volume
Mesh；
B. according to the geological condition counted, the geometric similarity ratio C of experimental model is determinedl, bulk density likelihood ratio Cγ, the intensity likelihood ratio
CR=Cl×Cγ, elasticity modulus likelihood ratio CE=Cl×Cγ, and with this determine the specific size of model, aggregate, cementing material raw material
And proportion；
C., crack thin slice is cut into the fragment of arbitrary shape, according to the crack quantity and volume basis come out in engineering rock mass
Than the additional amount for determining the crack fragment of required addition in modelling raw material；
Water is added to stir evenly in mixing drum the mixture that aggregate and cementing material form, it is spare；
Then water is added to stir evenly in mixing drum the mixture that aggregate, cementing material and crack fragment form, it is spare；
It d., successively will stirring after the bottom wall of analog simulation platform rigid die is laid with the mixture without containing crack thin slice in advance
Mixture uniformly containing crack fragment pours into analog simulation platform rigid die, carries out the layer-by-layer laying of sample；
One layer of sample of every laying, is first paved mixture with grafter, recycles the three-dimensional compression system compacting that platform is included；
Wherein, the mixture without containing crack thin slice is laid in the top layer of sample；In sample and analog simulation platform rigid mould
Have the contact position of each wall surface, is laid with the mixture for not containing crack thin slice；
E. sample is taken out in demoulding, is placed in ventilation, cool place, dry place one week or so, progress natural air drying.
2. the preparation method of random crack test model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the aggregate is attached most importance to knot
Crystalline flour and iron powder；The cementing material is gypsum.
3. the preparation method of random crack test model according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the crack is broken
Piece is mica sheet or ptfe sheet；The length and width of the crack fragment is 0.2-1mm, with a thickness of 0.1-0.7mm.
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| CN105651572B (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2018-06-19 | 河海大学 | A kind of preparation method of the prismatical joint rock mass sample of the blind joint containing filling |
| CN105547831A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-05-04 | 绍兴文理学院 | Model test method for measuring deformation property of rock mass containing complex structural faces |
| CN106940267A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-07-11 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | It is a kind of to prepare the experimental bench with random joints crack test specimen |
| CN112763288A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-05-07 | 清华大学 | Rock mass model manufacturing method based on 3D printing and combined with any cracks |
| CN113405886A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-17 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Method for preparing sample for artificially simulating discontinuous fracture |
| CN113970494B (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2023-11-21 | 北京建筑大学 | Test piece and shear strength evaluation method for interlayer material of asphalt pavement in local release state |
| CN115359706B (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2023-06-27 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Model system for simulating complex geology |
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Granted publication date: 20190312 Termination date: 20201224 |