CN103669112B - Method for removing back lead of ancient and old paintings - Google Patents
Method for removing back lead of ancient and old paintings Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000012154 double-distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 12
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940056932 lead sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910052981 lead sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003878 thermal aging Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于古旧绘画文物修裱保护技术领域,具体涉及一种古旧绘画返铅去除方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of retouching and protection of ancient paintings and cultural relics, and in particular relates to a method for removing lead back from old paintings.
背景技术Background technique
古旧绘画中人物、花鸟等绘画作品多用铅白,铅白中主要成份为铅,由于长年累月受潮湿或经秽气熏染,在空气中硫化氢等物质的作用下,生成灰色或黑色的硫化铅,这种现象被称之为“返铅”。这种灰色或黑色的硫化铅在古旧绘画的画心上不但覆盖了原有画片的色彩,而且严重影响了画面的艺术性,对画心也有一定的腐蚀作用,使其无法悬挂欣赏,需重新修复揭裱才能恢复作品的原貌,再现原作的艺术风采。Lead white is mostly used in ancient paintings such as figures, flowers and birds. The main component of lead white is lead. Due to years of humidity or pollution, under the action of hydrogen sulfide and other substances in the air, gray or black lead sulfide is formed. This phenomenon is called "lead back". This kind of gray or black lead sulfide not only covers the color of the original picture on the painting center of old paintings, but also seriously affects the artistry of the picture, and also has a certain corrosion effect on the painting center, making it impossible to hang for appreciation and needs to be repaired Only by exposing the frame can the original appearance of the work be restored and the artistic style of the original work reproduced.
在传统修裱工艺中,对于这种灰色或黑色的的硫化铅存在的返铅现象通常有三种处理方法:(1)白酒燃烧法,将画面朝上平展在桌案上,用湿毛巾将“返铅”部位圈围起来,倒入适量高度白酒点燃,直至“返铅”现象消逝,方可将火熄灭,该法比较难于掌握,操作时容易发生燃烧危险;(2)双氧水涂抹法,用毛笔蘸2%双氧水涂抹“返铅”部位,再用热水清洗涂抹部位的,但双氧水对画心质地会造成一定的化学腐蚀,去除过程会对画心纸张造成一定破坏;(3)碱水法,调配碱水涂于铅白局部去黑,涂碱后,覆垫宣纸或高丽纸等软纸卷收,室温放置30天至黑气完全渗透在垫纸上,多次反复处理后,再用煮沸的淡茶涂覆处理的部位去除去碱气,但每次处理过程耗时,去除返铅效果也不完全。In the traditional mounting process, there are usually three treatment methods for the phenomenon of lead return in gray or black lead sulfide: (1) Liquor burning method, flatten the picture on the table with a wet towel Surround the part of "returning lead", pour an appropriate amount of high-grade liquor and ignite it until the phenomenon of "returning lead" disappears before extinguishing the fire. This method is difficult to master, and it is prone to burning danger during operation; Brush dipped in 2% hydrogen peroxide to smear the "returned lead" part, and then wash the smeared part with hot water, but hydrogen peroxide will cause certain chemical corrosion to the texture of the painting heart, and the removal process will cause certain damage to the painting heart paper; (3) Alkaline water The method is to mix alkaline water and apply it to the part of the lead white to remove the black. After the alkali is applied, soft paper such as rice paper or Korean paper is rolled up, and it is placed at room temperature for 30 days until the black air completely penetrates the pad paper. Use boiled light tea to coat the treated part to remove alkali gas, but each treatment process is time-consuming, and the effect of removing lead back is not complete.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中对于古旧绘画中人物、花鸟等绘画中返铅现象的处理方法复杂,难以操作,且过程中易对古旧绘画产生燃烧危险,以及对文物本体具有化学腐蚀的缺点,提供一种操作步骤简单、可以有效地去除返铅现象的无损处理方法。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the complexity and difficulty in handling the lead-returning phenomenon in the paintings of figures, flowers and birds in the prior art, and the danger of burning the old paintings in the process, as well as the damage to the cultural relics. The shortcomings of chemical corrosion provide a non-destructive treatment method with simple operation steps and effective removal of lead back phenomenon.
解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是:将含有活性氧离子且pH值为11~13的强碱性电解水用毛笔直接蘸取涂覆于古旧绘画的返铅部位,擦拭至返铅部位的灰色或黑色消退殆尽,再用毛笔蘸取二次蒸馏水擦拭返铅部位。The technical solution adopted to solve the above technical problems is: use a brush to directly dip the strongly alkaline electrolyzed water containing active oxygen ions and have a pH value of 11 to 13 on the lead-returning parts of the old paintings, and wipe it to the lead-returning parts. After the gray or black subsides completely, use a brush dipped in double distilled water to wipe the lead-returning parts.
上述的强碱性电解水采用烟台方心水处理设备有限公司提供的强碱性电解水设备制备而成,必须现制现用。The above-mentioned strong alkaline electrolyzed water is prepared by strong alkaline electrolyzed water equipment provided by Yantai Fangxin Water Treatment Equipment Co., Ltd., and must be produced and used immediately.
本发明方法操作简单,不但可以彻底去除古旧绘画上的返铅,同时对纸张的自身强度未造成影响,使纸张可以耐久保存。The method of the invention is easy to operate, not only can completely remove the returned lead on the old paintings, but also does not affect the strength of the paper itself, so that the paper can be preserved for a long time.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是实施例1清代李步瀛仕女图中人物的返铅状态图。Fig. 1 is the lead-returning state diagram of the characters in Li Buying's Lady in the Qing Dynasty in Example 1.
图2是实施例1清代李步瀛仕女图中人物的返铅去除后的效果图。Fig. 2 is the effect diagram after removing the back lead of the figure in Li Buying's lady's picture of the Qing Dynasty in Example 1.
图3是实施例2清代李步瀛仕女图中荷叶的返铅状态图。Fig. 3 is the lead back state figure of lotus leaf in Li Buying's lady's picture in embodiment 2 Qing Dynasty.
图4是实施例2清代李步瀛仕女图中荷叶的返铅去除后的效果图。Fig. 4 is the effect diagram after removing the lead back of the lotus leaf in Li Buying's lady's picture of the Qing Dynasty in Example 2.
图5是实施例3清代李步瀛仕女图中花树的返铅状态图。Fig. 5 is the lead-returning state diagram of the flower tree in Li Buying's lady's picture of embodiment 3 in the Qing Dynasty.
图6是实施例3清代李步瀛仕女图中花树的返铅去除后的效果图。Fig. 6 is the effect diagram after removing the lead back of the flower tree in Li Buying's lady's picture of the Qing Dynasty in Example 3.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步详细说明,但本发明不限于这些实施例。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
采用烟台方心水处理设备有限公司提供的强碱性电解水设备制备含有活性氧离子且pH值为11的强碱性电解水,然后用毛笔直接蘸取强碱性电解水涂覆于清代李步瀛仕女图中人物的返铅部位(见图1),擦拭3次,待返铅部位的灰色或黑色消退殆尽即可,再用毛笔蘸取二次蒸馏水擦拭返铅部位,返铅去除后的效果图见图2。由图可见,绘画上的返铅彻底去除,且不会影响绘画的原色彩。Use the strong alkaline electrolyzed water equipment provided by Yantai Fangxin Water Treatment Equipment Co., Ltd. to prepare strong alkaline electrolyzed water containing active oxygen ions and a pH value of 11, and then use a brush to directly dip the strongly alkaline electrolyzed water and apply it to the lady Li Buying in the Qing Dynasty Wipe the lead-returned part of the figure in the picture (see Figure 1) for 3 times until the gray or black color of the lead-returned part fades away, then use a brush dipped in double distilled water to wipe the lead-returned part, the effect after the lead-returned part is removed See Figure 2 for the picture. It can be seen from the picture that the lead back on the painting is completely removed without affecting the original color of the painting.
实施例2Example 2
采用烟台方心水处理设备有限公司提供的强碱性电解水设备制备含有活性氧离子且pH值为13的强碱性电解水,然后用毛笔直接蘸取强碱性电解水涂覆于清代李步瀛仕女图中荷叶的返铅部位(见图3),擦拭3次,待返铅部位的灰色或黑色消退殆尽即可,再用毛笔蘸取二次蒸馏水擦拭返铅部位,返铅去除后的效果图见图4。Use the strong alkaline electrolyzed water equipment provided by Yantai Fangxin Water Treatment Equipment Co., Ltd. to prepare strong alkaline electrolyzed water containing active oxygen ions and a pH value of 13, and then use a brush to directly dip the strongly alkaline electrolyzed water and apply it to the lady Li Buying in the Qing Dynasty The lead-returning part of the lotus leaf in the picture (see Figure 3) should be wiped 3 times until the gray or black color of the lead-returning part disappears, and then dipped in twice distilled water with a brush to wipe the lead-returning part. The rendering is shown in Figure 4.
实施例3Example 3
采用烟台方心水处理设备有限公司提供的强碱性电解水设备制备含有活性氧离子且pH值为12的强碱性电解水,然后用毛笔直接蘸取强碱性电解水涂覆于清代李步瀛仕女图中花树的返铅部位(见图5),擦拭3次,待返铅部位的灰色或黑色消退殆尽即可,再用毛笔蘸取二次蒸馏水擦拭返铅部位,返铅去除后的效果图见图6。Use the strong alkaline electrolyzed water equipment provided by Yantai Fangxin Water Treatment Equipment Co., Ltd. to prepare strong alkaline electrolyzed water containing active oxygen ions and a pH value of 12, and then use a brush to directly dip the strongly alkaline electrolyzed water and apply it to the lady Li Buying in the Qing Dynasty Wipe the lead-returning part of the flower tree in the picture (see Figure 5) for 3 times until the gray or black color of the lead-returning part fades away, then use a brush dipped in double distilled water to wipe the lead-returning part. The effect diagram is shown in Figure 6.
为验证本发明的有益效果,发明人采用本发明实施例1的古旧绘画返铅去除方法进行了大量的实验室研究实验和生产现场实验,各种实验情况如下:In order to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, the inventor has carried out a large number of laboratory research experiments and production field experiments by adopting the old painting method for removing lead in Example 1 of the present invention, and the various experimental situations are as follows:
以生宣、熟宣和毛边纸,以及用质量分数为2%的双氧水溶液处理后的生宣、熟宣和毛边纸,无水乙醇燃烧后的生宣、熟宣和毛边纸,采用本发明实施例1方法处理后的生宣、熟宣和毛边纸作为样品,进行人工加速老化模拟试验,老化方法分别是:在105℃下热老化72小时;在80℃、相对湿度为60%的条件下,湿热老化72小时。按照国际标准方法GB/T453-2002测定样品老化后的抗张强度(恒速加荷法),按照GB/T2679.5-1995测定样品老化后的耐折度(MIT耐折度仪法)、按国标GB/T455-2002测定样品老化后的撕裂度吗,对返铅处理前后样品进行耐久性评价,测试结果见表1~7(实验数据均为10次测试平均值)。With raw Xuan, cooked Xuan and uncut paper, and the raw Xuan, cooked Xuan and uncut paper treated with a hydrogen peroxide solution with a mass fraction of 2%, the raw Xuan, cooked Xuan and uncut paper after anhydrous ethanol combustion, adopt the embodiment 1 of the present invention Method The treated raw rice paper, cooked rice paper and raw edge paper were used as samples for artificial accelerated aging simulation test. The aging methods were: thermal aging at 105°C for 72 hours; humidity aging at 80°C and relative humidity of 60%. 72 hours. According to the international standard method GB/T453-2002 to measure the tensile strength of the sample after aging (constant speed loading method), according to GB/T2679.5-1995 to measure the folding endurance of the sample after aging (MIT folding test method), According to the national standard GB/T455-2002, the tearing degree of the sample after aging was measured, and the durability of the sample before and after the lead back treatment was evaluated. The test results are shown in Tables 1 to 7 (the experimental data are the average values of 10 tests).
表1不同样品及其干热、湿热老化后的强度Table 1 Different samples and their strength after dry heat and damp heat aging
表22%双氧水处理后的样品及其干热、湿热老化后的强度Table 22% hydrogen peroxide treated samples and their strength after dry heat and damp heat aging
表3无水乙醇燃烧前后样品的强度Table 3 Intensity of samples before and after combustion of absolute ethanol
表4本发明实施例1方法处理后样品湿热老化前后的强度Table 4 Strength of samples before and after damp heat aging after the method of embodiment 1 of the present invention
表5本发明实施例1方法处理后样品干热老化前后的强度Table 5 The strength of the sample before and after dry heat aging after the method of Example 1 of the present invention
从表1~5的数据比较看出,用质量分数为2%的双氧水溶液处理后的生宣、熟宣和毛边纸,以及无水乙醇燃烧后的生宣、熟宣和毛边纸,处理后的样品与未处理的样品进行干热和湿热加速人工老化后测得的纸张的抗张强度、耐折度、撕裂度都明显发生变化,纸张的强度显著降低,说明双氧水和燃烧方法去除返铅的同时,对纸张本身存在显著地破坏,影响了纸张的耐久性。而采用本发明方法处理后的生宣、熟宣、毛边纸,处理后样品与未处理的样品进行干热和湿热加速人工老化后测得的纸张的抗张强度、耐折度、撕裂度都未明显发生变化,部分强度略微有所增加,说明本发明方法不但可以彻底去除古旧绘画上的返铅,同时对纸张的自身强度未造成影响,使纸张可以耐久保存。From the comparison of the data in Tables 1 to 5, it can be seen that the raw Xuan, cooked Xuan and uncut paper treated with a hydrogen peroxide solution with a mass fraction of 2%, and the raw Xuan, cooked Xuan and uncut paper after burning anhydrous ethanol, the treated samples The tensile strength, folding endurance, and tearing degree of the paper measured after dry heat and wet heat accelerated artificial aging with the untreated sample all changed significantly, and the strength of the paper was significantly reduced, indicating that hydrogen peroxide and combustion methods remove lead. At the same time, there is significant damage to the paper itself, which affects the durability of the paper. And adopt raw Xuan after the inventive method to process, cooked Xuan, the rough edge paper, the tensile strength of the paper measured after the processed sample and the untreated sample carry out dry heat and wet heat accelerated artificial aging, folding endurance, tearing degree are all all the same. There is no obvious change, and some strengths are slightly increased, which shows that the method of the present invention can not only completely remove the lead back on the old paintings, but also have no effect on the self-strength of the paper, so that the paper can be preserved for a long time.
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