CN103667700B - By the production method of carbonaceous combined reducing agent smelting high carbon ferrochrome - Google Patents
By the production method of carbonaceous combined reducing agent smelting high carbon ferrochrome Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses and a kind ofly reduce the consumption of carbonaceous reducing agent and the smelting high carbon ferrochrome production method of comprehensive energy consumption, belong to ferroalloy smelting technical field.The method by carrying out rational proportion to blue charcoal, hard coal, metallurgical coke, by pre-treatment controlling measurement granularity, moisture content and fugitive constituent; Ensure furnace charge air permeability by ore agglomeration process, in order to arrange in pairs or groups in a large number, blue charcoal and coal provide condition; Homogeneity is improved by the batching of control amount in batches and twice mixing; Reduce Aggregate Feeding Error; Can guarantee that the thickness of raw material layer in stove is within 600mm by the control of feed thickness, ensure bed permeability, the raw material added in stove can be made to be dried by moisture content in time under the effect of charge level high temperature simultaneously, better preheated raw meal, the measure dazzling by charge level also further increases furnace charge air permeability.These aggregate measures make the present invention combination carbonaceous reducing agent can be used for the smelting of slagprocess high carbon ferro-chrome, reduce reductive agent consuming cost simultaneously, reduce power consumption.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ferroalloy smelting technical field, be specifically related to a kind ofly reduce the consumption of carbonaceous reducing agent and the smelting high carbon ferrochrome method of comprehensive energy consumption.
Background technology
For ferroalloy smelting industry, carbonaceous reducing agent used mainly contains three classes, charcoal class: as wood chip, charcoal; Coal tar class: bottle coal is burnt, metallurgical coke, coalitenessity (blue charcoal), brown coal are burnt, hard coal, bituminous coal etc.; Refinery coke class: Petroleum delay is burnt.
The selection principle of ferroalloy smelting reductive agent: the factors such as physicochemical property is suitable, price is low, wide material sources.The physical and chemical index of carbonaceous reducing agent is mainly: chemical reactivity, physical strength, resistivity, fixed carbon content, ash, impurity content etc.Electrosmelting industry is generally always required: chemical reactivity is high, physical strength is high, resistivity is large, fixed carbon content is high, ash is low, impurity content is low, degree of graphitization is low.But the carbonaceous reducing agent of single kind, its physical and chemical index is often difficult to meet above-mentioned requirements simultaneously.
At present, actual iron alloy smelting, main flow carbonaceous reducing agent still uses metallurgical coke, bottle coal burnt.For the application of combined reducing agent, be also only used in minority slagless process and smelt in kind, such as, the minority such as industrial silicon, ferrosilicon kind.Smelt for slagprocess, coalitenessity (blue charcoal) at a low price, coal also do not have successful example.Mine heat furnace smelting high carbon ferro-chrome of the present invention belongs to slagprocess and smelts, and that is, high-carbon chrome iron for smelting there is no the example with combination carbonaceous reducing agent.
Coalitenessity (blue charcoal), coal use in slagprocess mineral hot furnace, deposit insoluble problem both ways:
One is that moisture content, fugitive constituent are high, and fire door charge level easily stings fire, turns over slag, and even quick-fried spray, affects production technique compliance, threatens safety in production;
Two is that physical strength is low, enters stove scaling loss large, is easily formed in stove and lacks carbon, affect the reduction of ore, cause the principal element rate of recovery low, cause financial loss.
Mine heat furnace smelting high carbon ferro-chrome belongs to slagprocess and smelts, and reductive agent used is generally that metallurgical coke or bottle coal are burnt.Metallurgical coke and coalitenessity (blue charcoal), coal facies compare, and its physical strength is good, and fugitive constituent is low.But, reducing property relative mistake, resistivity is less, is unfavorable for that electric furnace electrode is deeply slotting, causes fire door temperature high; Its price is also high, causes cost high.Blue charcoal, coal, it is cheap, and ratio resistance is high, and chemically reactive is high, and blue charcoal is low containing ash, and S, P, Al are low, but fugitive constituent is high, and physical strength is low.Just because of be blue charcoal, fugitive constituent is high, and physical strength is low, and in high-carbon chrome iron for smelting process, the restive working of a furnace, thus, fails application of succeeding.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention be to provide a kind of reduce carbonaceous reducing agent cost and consumption, reduction comprehensive energy consumption the production method of use carbonaceous combined reducing agent smelting high carbon ferrochrome, the method can also make chromium recovery ratio higher than 92%, and product phosphorus sulphur content is low.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: by the production method of carbonaceous combined reducing agent smelting high carbon ferrochrome, comprise the steps:
A, raw materials pretreatment: by chrome ore fines stone through agglomeration process, obtain the blocky chromium raw material that granularity 10 ~ 100mm accounts for more than 90%;
Blue for carbonaceous reducing agent charcoal, hard coal and metallurgical coke are carried out sieving and drying and processing respectively, make carbonaceous reducing agent granularity 10 ~ 50mm, moisture content≤3%, then by carbonaceous reducing agent by weight ratio: blue charcoal 20 ~ 60%, hard coal 10 ~ 30%, metallurgical coke 30 ~ 60% mix, and obtain carbonaceous combined reducing agent;
B, batching: blocky chromium raw material and carbonaceous combined reducing agent are carried out in batches batching mixing, often criticize batching gross weight≤500kg, send into blending bun after often criticizing batching again and mix; Aggregate Feeding Error is controlled within ± 0.5% during batching;
C, charging are smelted: the material that mixes of prepare burden by step b is sent into mineral hot furnace and smelted, and fire door feeding thickness controls within 150mm, for the region that locally ventilation property is poor of charge level after charging, adopt dazzling mode to loosen charge level, improve ventilation property.
Wherein, in aforesaid method, the consumption of carbonaceous combined reducing agent is: smelt (material object) per ton ferrochrome and consume 0.43 ~ 0.45 ton of carbonaceous combined reducing agent.The present invention 0.43 ~ 0.45t/t represents.
Wherein, in aforesaid method step a, described agglomeration process refers to and adopts the mode of pressure ball or sintering to carry out agglomeration.The preferred mode of sintering that adopts carries out agglomeration.
Wherein, in aforesaid method step a, blocky chromium raw material granularity is: 20 ~ 100mm accounts for more than 90%.
Wherein, in aforesaid method step a, carbonaceous reducing agent fugitive constituent≤6%.
Wherein, in aforesaid method step b, often criticize batching gross weight 200 ~ 500kg.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: smelting process of the present invention belongs to slagprocess and smelts, adopt coalitenessity (blue charcoal) or coal can there is the problem described in background technology, but the present invention is by carrying out rational proportion to blue charcoal, hard coal, metallurgical coke, by pre-treatment controlling measurement granularity, moisture content and fugitive constituent; Ensure furnace charge air permeability by ore agglomeration process, in order to arrange in pairs or groups in a large number, blue charcoal and coal provide condition; Homogeneity is improved by the batching of control amount in batches and twice mixing; Reduce Aggregate Feeding Error; Can guarantee that the thickness of raw material layer in stove is within 600mm by the control of feed thickness, ensure bed permeability, the raw material added in stove can be made to be dried by moisture content in time under the effect of charge level high temperature simultaneously, better preheated raw meal, the measure dazzling by charge level also further increases furnace charge air permeability.Above-mentioned aggregate measures make the present invention combination carbonaceous reducing agent can be used for the smelting of slagprocess high carbon ferro-chrome, overcome the problem described in background technology, have also filled up the blank that iron alloy slagprocess smelts application combination carbonaceous reducing agent.
Meanwhile, above-mentioned comprehensive innovative approach significantly can reduce raw materials cost and the consumption of carbonaceous reducing agent, also can reduce power consumption, because this reducing the factory cost of ton iron, improves factory economy benefit.
The inventive method; carbonaceous reducing agent combinationally uses; at the blue charcoal of adapted certain proportion low impurity content; can realize; reduce product P, (P is below 0.015% for S content; S is below 0.02%), improve product quality and (specify in ferrochrome standard GB/T/T5683-2008: I group of P≤0.03%, II group of P≤0.06%; I group of S≤0.04%, II group of S≤0.06%); Meanwhile, flue gas SO can be reduced
2concentration, reduces sulphur emissions total amount, meets national environmental protection policy.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the invention will be further described.
The present invention's production method of carbonaceous combined reducing agent smelting high carbon ferrochrome, comprises the steps:
A, raw materials pretreatment: by chrome ore fines stone through agglomeration process, obtain the blocky chromium raw material that granularity 10 ~ 100mm accounts for more than 90%;
Blue for carbonaceous reducing agent charcoal, hard coal and metallurgical coke are carried out sieving and drying and processing respectively, make carbonaceous reducing agent granularity 10 ~ 50mm, moisture content≤3%, then by carbonaceous reducing agent by weight ratio: blue charcoal 20 ~ 60%, hard coal 10 ~ 30%, metallurgical coke 30 ~ 60% mix, and obtain carbonaceous combined reducing agent;
B, batching: blocky chromium raw material and carbonaceous combined reducing agent are carried out in batches batching mixing, often criticize batching gross weight≤500kg, send into blending bun after often criticizing batching again and mix; Aggregate Feeding Error is controlled within ± 0.5% during batching;
C, charging are smelted: the material that mixes of prepare burden by step b is sent into mineral hot furnace and smelted, and fire door feeding thickness controls within 150mm, for the region that locally ventilation property is poor of charge level after charging, adopt dazzling mode to loosen charge level, improve ventilation property.
In the present invention, when blocky chromium raw material and carbonaceous combined reducing agent being prepared burden in batches, original dynamic measurement can be improved to static weighing, improve Measuring Precision, with regard to easy, Aggregate Feeding Error be controlled within ± 0.5% like this.Need during batching to mix, then send into blending bun and mix, control the amount of mixing through twice mixing, can mixture homogeneity be significantly improved like this.
Blue charcoal (usually): fixed carbon >82%, fugitive constituent <10%, ash <6%, sulphur <0.3%, phosphorus <0.08%, moisture content <10%, resistivity at room temperature >2500 μ Ω m, chemical reactivity (a/%, 1100 DEG C): >80.Blue charcoal can be used as reductive agent in smelting process, due to its low-sulfur, low-phosphorous characteristic, can reduce sulphur emissions, can reach discharging standards.Meanwhile, the quality of high-carbon chrome alloy is improved.
Blue charcoal characteristic: ratio resistance is large, activity is good, Well-recovered, foreign matter content is low; Fugitive constituent is high, and bad mechanical strength, broken loss greatly, enter stove scaling loss large; Price is low.Utilize its poorly conductive, solve electrode allowance below nominal size difficulty; Well-recovered, can reduce in slag further and run chromium.
The tradition such as metallurgical coke is burnt plants, and physical strength is good, is beneficial to the stable of enriched carbon layer in stove, stablizes ore reduction.Metallurgical coke (generally): fixed carbon >75%, fugitive constituent <2%, ash <15%, sulphur <1.0%, phosphorus <0.4%, moisture content <10%, resistivity at room temperature 800 ~ 2000 μ Ω m, chemical reactivity (a/%, 1100 DEG C): 25 ~ 60.
Coal: ratio resistance is large, activity is good, Well-recovered, price is low, but fugitive constituent is high, bad mechanical strength.Directly apply rare in the ferroalloy industry.
From the angle reducing carbonaceous reducing agent cost, can the blue charcoal of multiplex low price and coal; But in a large number with blue charcoal and coal, mineral hot furnace production technique can not direct motion, and the working of a furnace worsens, and reduces smelting technology index, and cost increases, will still do not lose, but utilize the inventive method to separate this problem.
Wherein, in aforesaid method step a, described agglomeration process can adopt the mode of pressure ball or the mode of sintering to carry out agglomeration, preferably adopts the mode of sintering to carry out agglomeration.
Preferably, in order to make better effects if of the present invention, in aforesaid method step a, the control of blocky chromium raw material granularity is: 20 ~ 100mm accounts for more than 90%.
Wherein, in aforesaid method step a, carbonaceous reducing agent fugitive constituent≤6% after pretreatment.
Wherein, in aforesaid method step b, often criticize batching gross weight 200 ~ 500kg.
Below by embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further, but not therefore by protection scope of the present invention restriction in one embodiment.
16500KVA mineral hot furnace is adopted to carry out production practice in embodiment.
Embodiment one
Application the inventive method, feed stock for blast furnace reductive agent moisture content 2.7%, ore granularity: raw material granularity controls at 20 ~ 100 ㎜, wherein Li Du≤20 ㎜ ratio is below 8%, carbonaceous reducing agent granularity: 10 ~ 50 ㎜, carbonaceous reducing agent proportioning: blue charcoal 45%, metallurgical coke 30%, hard coal 25%, operation measure: compounding links, every batch of material 300(㎏/batch), compound, by blending bun batch mixing again.Control for charge level, take, fire door feeding thickness controls within 130 ㎜, and for the region that charge level local ventilation property is poor, take dazzling in time, loose charge level, improves ventilation property.In production practice during application, mineral hot furnace production run in order.Electrode steady running, the lower slotting degree of depth is at 2.4 meters, and fire door worsens the phenomenon of the working of a furnace without turning over slag, thorn fire etc.Flue-gas temperature 210 DEG C, flue gas particles is reduced to 2.1g/m
3left and right, flue dust SO
2concentration 18mg/m
3left and right.Electric furnace output gets a promotion, and day output reaches more than 97 tons, smelts electric unit consumption and is reduced to 3240 KWhs/ton (ton in kind, chromium 50% benchmark power consumptions 2800), chromium recovery ratio 93.2%.Charcoal unit consumption, 0.44t/t.Product phosphorus, sulphur content: P:0.010%, S:0.016%
Embodiment two
Apply this inventive method, feed stock for blast furnace reductive agent moisture content 3.0, ore granularity: raw material granularity controls at 10 ~ 100 ㎜, wherein Li Du≤10 ㎜ ratio is below 10%, carbonaceous reducing agent granularity: 10 ~ 50 ㎜, carbonaceous reducing agent proportioning: blue charcoal 55%, metallurgical coke 30%, hard coal 15%, operation measure: compounding links, every batch of material 400(㎏/batch), compound, by blending bun batch mixing again.Control for charge level, take, fire door feeding thickness controls within 150 ㎜, and for the region that charge level local ventilation property is poor, take dazzling, loose charge level, improves ventilation property.In production practice during application, mineral hot furnace production run in order.Electrode is steady, and the lower slotting degree of depth is at 2.45 meters, and fire door worsens the phenomenon of the working of a furnace without turning over slag, thorn fire etc.Flue-gas temperature 195 DEG C, flue gas particles is reduced to 2.0g/m
3left and right, flue dust SO
2concentration 16mg/m
3left and right.Electric furnace day output reaches 97.5 tons, smelts electric unit consumption and is reduced to 3200 KWhs/ton (tons in kind).Charcoal unit consumption, 0.43t/t., chromium recovery ratio 93.8%.Product phosphorus, sulphur content: P:0.008%, S:0.013%
Embodiment three
Apply this inventive method, feed stock for blast furnace reductive agent moisture content 2.7%, ore granularity: raw material granularity controls at 10 ~ 100 ㎜, wherein Li Du≤10 ㎜ ratio 8% with, carbonaceous reducing agent granularity: 10 ~ 50 ㎜, carbonaceous reducing agent proportioning: blue charcoal 25%, metallurgical coke 60%, hard coal 15%, operation measure: compounding links, every batch of material 300(㎏/batch), compound, by blending bun batch mixing again.Control for charge level, take, fire door feeding thickness controls within 100 ㎜, and for the region that charge level local ventilation property is poor, take dazzling, loose charge level, improves ventilation property.In production practice during application, mineral hot furnace production run in order.Insert the degree of depth under electrode at 2.35 meters, fire door worsens the phenomenon of the working of a furnace without turning over slag, thorn fire etc.Flue-gas temperature 215 DEG C, flue gas particles 2.3g/m
3left and right, flue dust SO
2concentration 21mg/m
3left and right.Electric furnace day output reaches more than 94.5 tons, smelts electric unit consumption 3280 KWhs/ton (ton in kind), chromium recovery ratio 92.7%.Charcoal unit consumption, 0.45t/t.Product phosphorus, sulphur content: P:0.013%, S:0.019%.
Find out from illustration, in the carbonaceous reducing agent ratio range that inventive method is given, blue charcoal ratio is high, and the degree of depth of inserting under being beneficial to electrode is darker, reach more than 2.40 meters, be of value to raising output, reduce and smelt electric unit consumption, reduce charcoal unit consumption, reduce smoke discharge amount, improve the quality of products.
Table 1 embodiment metallurgical effect parameter with application the present invention before parameter comparison
In order to further comparative illustration effect of the present invention, applicant specifically enumerates the detection data before improvement again.Before improvement, reductive agent adopts metallurgical coke, and fine ore chrome ore is without agglomeration process, and reductive agent is without screening, drying and processing, and every batch of material 1000kg during batching, adopts dynamic measurement, fire door feeding thickness 200-500mm.
Applicant former 16500KVA mineral hot furnace (the uncovered mineral hot furnace of low hood) smelting high carbon ferrochrome, before not using combined reducing agent and improving smelting technology, situation is:
(1) electrode is difficult to lower inserting, and the length inserting furnace charge under electrode is inadequate, that is, welding tip short (length being inserted into furnace charge under electrode is called the effective working end of electrode), and fire door temperature is higher, and fire door thermosteresis is large, and flue-gas temperature is high;
(2) comparatively concentration is high for stack gas emissions, and the soot dust granule substrate concentration before dedusting is at 4g/m
3above, flue dust SO
2concentration 30mg/m
3above;
Data are detected as table 2 by actual measurement:
Table 2 electrode and flue dust check data
(3) in high-carbon chrome alloy, phosphorus, sulphur impurity element higher (though all within the scope of national standard, but, can not meet some special users to phosphorus, sulphur impurity element be strict with needs).
Detect data as table 3:
Table 3 ferrochrome sulphur phosphorus content
| P，% | S，% | |
| Sample 1 | 0.034 | 0.035 |
| Sample 2 | 0.032 | 0.033 |
| Sample 3 | 0.031 | 0.032 |
(4) coke cost is high, alloy per ton (material object) coke consumption amount: 0.49t/t, and alloy carbonaceous reducing agent cost per ton is at 700 yuan/more than t.
(5) smelting index is poor: yield poorly, and it is high to smelt electric unit consumption.Day output, in 85 tons (material object) left and right, smelts electric unit consumption 3600 KWhs/ton (material object), chromium recovery ratio 91%.
Claims (5)
1., by the production method of carbonaceous combined reducing agent smelting high carbon ferrochrome, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, raw materials pretreatment: by chrome ore fines stone through agglomeration process, obtain the blocky chromium raw material that granularity 10 ~ 100mm accounts for more than 90%;
Blue for carbonaceous reducing agent charcoal, hard coal and metallurgical coke are carried out sieving and drying and processing respectively, make carbonaceous reducing agent granularity 10 ~ 50mm, moisture content≤3%, then by carbonaceous reducing agent by weight ratio: blue charcoal 20 ~ 60%, hard coal 10 ~ 30%, metallurgical coke 30 ~ 60% mix, and obtain carbonaceous combined reducing agent;
B, batching: blocky chromium raw material and carbonaceous combined reducing agent are carried out in batches batching mixing, often criticize batching gross weight≤500kg, send into blending bun after often criticizing batching again and mix; Aggregate Feeding Error is controlled within ± 0.5% during batching;
C, charging are smelted: the material that mixes of prepare burden by step b is sent into mineral hot furnace and smelted, and fire door feeding thickness controls within 150mm, for the region that locally ventilation property is poor of charge level after charging, adopt dazzling mode to loosen charge level, improve ventilation property.
2. the production method of carbonaceous combined reducing agent smelting high carbon ferrochrome according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step a, and described agglomeration process refers to and adopts the mode of pressure ball or sintering to carry out agglomeration.
3. the production method of carbonaceous combined reducing agent smelting high carbon ferrochrome according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step a, blocky chromium raw material granularity is: 20 ~ 100mm accounts for more than 90%.
4. the production method of carbonaceous combined reducing agent smelting high carbon ferrochrome according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step a, carbonaceous reducing agent fugitive constituent≤6%.
5. the production method of carbonaceous combined reducing agent smelting high carbon ferrochrome according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step b, often criticizes batching gross weight 200 ~ 500kg.
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| CN105112663B (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-08-29 | 中冶东方工程技术有限公司 | A kind of combined producing process of high carbon ferro-chrome and semi-coke |
| CN105524673A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-04-27 | 四川德胜集团钒钛有限公司 | Sintering fuel and use method thereof |
| CN107267854B (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2018-03-27 | 徐州宏阳新材料科技有限公司 | The smelting process and product of a kind of high carbon ferro-chrome |
| CN111893230A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-11-06 | 徐州宏阳新材料科技有限公司 | Coke in ferrochromium smelting production and preparation method thereof |
| CN114045395A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-15 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Production method for smelting titanium-containing slag by using carbonaceous combined reducing agent |
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Effective date of registration: 20160606 Address after: Gan River Industrial Park, economic and Technological Development Zone 816000 Qinghai city of Xining province Qinghai Jinguang nickel chromium Material Co. Ltd. Patentee after: Qinghai Jinguang nickel chromium Material Co. Ltd. Address before: 618300, No. two, Section 1, northbound Suzhou, Deyang, Sichuan, Guanghan Patentee before: Sichuan Guang Guang Industrial (Group) Limited by Share Ltd |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20160210 Termination date: 20191211 |