CN103667700A - Production method for smelting high carbon chromium iron by using carbonaceous combination reducing agent - Google Patents
Production method for smelting high carbon chromium iron by using carbonaceous combination reducing agent Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method for smelting high carbon chromium iron, belonging to the technical field of ferroalloy smelting. By adopting the production method, the consumption and comprehensive energy consumption of a carbonaceous reducing agent can be reduced. The production method is characterized in that the particle size, moisture and volatile matters are controlled by pretreatment measures through the reasonable matching of semi-coke, anthracite and metallurgical coke; the air permeability of furnace charge is ensured through the agglomeration treatment of ores so as to provide conditions for the matching of lots of semi-coke and coal; the uniformity is improved through batch-wise quantity control burdening and two-times mixing; the burdening error is reduced; the thickness of feed is controlled so as to ensure that the thickness of an in-furnace raw material layer is within 600mm, and the air permeability of the material layer is ensured; meanwhile, moisture in raw materials added to a furnace is timely dried under the effect of the high temperature of a charge level, the raw materials are preheated very well, and the air permeability of the furnace charge is further improved by pricking holes on the charge level. According to the production method, the carbonaceous combination reducing agent can be used for the smelting of slag-process high carbon chromium iron through the comprehensive measures, meanwhile, the consumption cost of the reducing cost is reduced, and the power consumption is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ferroalloy smelting technical field, be specifically related to a kind of consumption of carbonaceous reducing agent and smelting high carbon ferrochrome method of comprehensive energy consumption of reducing.
Background technology
For ferroalloy smelting industry, carbonaceous reducing agent used mainly contains three classes, charcoal class: as wood chip, charcoal; Coal tar class: bottle coal is burnt, metallurgical coke, coalitenessity (blue charcoal), brown coal are burnt, hard coal, bituminous coal etc.; Refinery coke class: oil delay coke etc.
The selection principle of reductive agent for ferroalloy smelting: the factors such as physicochemical property is suitable, price is low, wide material sources.The physical and chemical index of carbonaceous reducing agent is mainly: chemical reactivity, physical strength, resistivity, fixed carbon content, ash, impurity content etc.For electrosmelting industry, generally always require: chemical reactivity is high, physical strength is high, resistivity is large, fixed carbon content is high, ash is low, impurity content is low, degree of graphitization is low etc.But, the carbonaceous reducing agent of single kind, its physical and chemical index is often difficult to meet above-mentioned requirements simultaneously.
At present, actual iron alloy smelting, main flow is still used metallurgical coke, bottle coal Jiao etc. with carbonaceous reducing agent.For the application of combined reducing agent, be also only used in minority slagless process and smelt in kind, such as, the minority kinds such as industrial silicon, ferrosilicon.For slagprocess, smelt, coalitenessity (blue charcoal), coal at a low price also do not have successful example.Mine heat furnace smelting high carbon ferro-chrome of the present invention belongs to slagprocess to be smelted, and that is to say, high-carbon chrome iron for smelting there is no the example with combination carbonaceous reducing agent.
Coalitenessity (blue charcoal), coal are used in slagprocess mineral hot furnace, deposit insoluble problem both ways:
The one, moisture content, fugitive constituent are high, and fire door charge level easily stings fire, turns over slag, and even quick-fried spray, affects production technique compliance, threaten safety in production;
The 2nd, physical strength is low, enters stove scaling loss large, easily forms in stove and lacks carbon, affects the reduction of ore, causes the principal element rate of recovery low, causes financial loss.
Mine heat furnace smelting high carbon ferro-chrome belongs to slagprocess to be smelted, and reductive agent used is generally that metallurgical coke or bottle coal are burnt.Metallurgical coke and coalitenessity (blue charcoal), coal facies comparison, its physical strength is good, and fugitive constituent is low.But, reducing property relative mistake, resistivity is less, is unfavorable for that electric furnace electrode is deeply slotting, causes fire door temperature high; Its price is also high, causes cost high.Blue charcoal, coal, it is cheap, higher than resistance, and chemically reactive is high, and blue charcoal is low containing ash, and S, P, Al are low, and still, fugitive constituent is high, and physical strength is low.Just because of be blue charcoal, fugitive constituent is high, and physical strength is low, in high-carbon chrome iron for smelting process, and the restive working of a furnace, thereby, the application of failing to succeed.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the production method of the use carbonaceous combined reducing agent smelting high carbon ferrochrome of a kind of cost that reduces carbonaceous reducing agent and consumption, reduction comprehensive energy consumption, the method can also make chromium recovery ratio higher than 92%, and product phosphorus sulphur content is low.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: the production method with carbonaceous combined reducing agent smelting high carbon ferrochrome, comprises the steps:
A, raw materials pretreatment: chrome ore fines stone is processed through agglomeration, obtained granularity 10～100mm and account for more than 90% blocky chromium raw material;
The blue charcoal of carbonaceous reducing agent, hard coal and metallurgical coke are sieved respectively and drying and processing, make carbonaceous reducing agent granularity 10～50mm, moisture content≤3%, then by carbonaceous reducing agent by weight ratio: blue charcoal 20～60%, hard coal 10～30%, metallurgical coke 30～60% mix, and obtain carbonaceous combined reducing agent;
B, batching: by the mixing of preparing burden in batches of blocky chromium raw material and carbonaceous combined reducing agent, every crowd of batching gross weight≤500kg, sends into blending bun again and mix after every batch of batching; During batching, control Aggregate Feeding Error in ± 0.5%;
C, charging smelt: the material that step b batching is mixed is sent into mineral hot furnace and smelted, and feeding thickness of fire door is controlled in 150mm, for the poor region of the local ventilation property of charge level after charging, adopt the dazzling mode charge level that loosens, and improve ventilation property.
Wherein, in aforesaid method, the consumption of carbonaceous combined reducing agent is: smelt (material object) per ton ferrochrome and consume 0.43～0.45 ton of carbonaceous combined reducing agent.The present invention represents with 0.43～0.45t/t.
Wherein, in aforesaid method step a, described agglomeration processing refers to and adopts the mode of pressure ball or sintering to carry out agglomeration.Preferably adopt the mode of sintering to carry out agglomeration.
Wherein, in aforesaid method step a, blocky chromium raw material granularity is: 20～100mm accounts for more than 90%.
Wherein, in aforesaid method step a, carbonaceous reducing agent fugitive constituent≤6%.
Wherein, in aforesaid method step b, every crowd of batching gross weight 200～500kg.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: smelting process of the present invention belongs to slagprocess and smelts, adopt coalitenessity (blue charcoal) or coal can have the problem described in background technology, but the present invention, by blue charcoal, hard coal, metallurgical coke are carried out to rational proportion, controls granularity, moisture content and fugitive constituent by pre-treatment measure; By ore agglomeration, process and guarantee furnace charge air permeability, for the blue charcoal of collocation and coal provide condition in a large number; By the batching of control amount in batches and twice mixing, improve homogeneity; Reduce Aggregate Feeding Error; The thickness that can guarantee raw material layer in stove by the control of charging thickness is in 600mm, guarantee bed permeability, can make to add the raw material in stove in time moisture content to be dried under the effect of charge level high temperature simultaneously, better preheated raw meal, the measure dazzling by charge level also further improved furnace charge air permeability.Above-mentioned aggregate measures make the present invention to have overcome the problem described in background technology by combining the smelting of carbonaceous reducing agent for slagprocess high carbon ferro-chrome, have also filled up the blank that iron alloy slagprocess is smelted application combination carbonaceous reducing agent.
Meanwhile, above-mentioned comprehensive innovative approach can significantly reduce raw materials cost and the consumption of carbonaceous reducing agent, also can reduce power consumption, has therefore reduced the factory cost of ton iron, has improved factory economy benefit.
The inventive method; carbonaceous reducing agent is used in combination; blue charcoal at adapted certain proportion low impurity content; can realize; reduce product P, (P is below 0.015% for S content; S is below 0.02%), improve product quality and (in ferrochrome standard GB/T/T5683-2008, stipulate: I group P≤0.03%, II group P≤0.06%; I group S≤0.04%, II group S≤0.06%); Meanwhile, can reduce flue gas SO
2concentration, reduces sulphur emissions total amount, meets national environmental protection policy.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the invention will be further described.
The production method of carbonaceous combined reducing agent smelting high carbon ferrochrome for the present invention, comprises the steps:
A, raw materials pretreatment: chrome ore fines stone is processed through agglomeration, obtained granularity 10～100mm and account for more than 90% blocky chromium raw material;
The blue charcoal of carbonaceous reducing agent, hard coal and metallurgical coke are sieved respectively and drying and processing, make carbonaceous reducing agent granularity 10～50mm, moisture content≤3%, then by carbonaceous reducing agent by weight ratio: blue charcoal 20～60%, hard coal 10～30%, metallurgical coke 30～60% mix, and obtain carbonaceous combined reducing agent;
B, batching: by the mixing of preparing burden in batches of blocky chromium raw material and carbonaceous combined reducing agent, every crowd of batching gross weight≤500kg, sends into blending bun again and mix after every batch of batching; During batching, control Aggregate Feeding Error in ± 0.5%;
C, charging smelt: the material that step b batching is mixed is sent into mineral hot furnace and smelted, and feeding thickness of fire door is controlled in 150mm, for the poor region of the local ventilation property of charge level after charging, adopt the dazzling mode charge level that loosens, and improve ventilation property.
In the present invention, when blocky chromium raw material and carbonaceous combined reducing agent are prepared burden in batches, original dynamic measurement can be improved to static weighing, improve Measuring Precision, like this with regard to easily Aggregate Feeding Error being controlled at ± 0.5% in.During batching, need to mix, then send into blending bun and mix, through twice mixing and controlled the amount of mixing, can significantly improve mixture homogeneity like this.
Blue charcoal (usually): fixed carbon >82%, fugitive constituent <10%, ash <6%, sulphur <0.3%, phosphorus <0.08%, moisture content <10%, resistivity at room temperature >2500 μ Ω m, chemical reactivity (a/%, 1100 ℃): >80.Blue charcoal can be used as reductive agent in smelting process, due to its low-sulfur, low-phosphorous characteristic, can reduce sulphur emissions, can reach discharging standards.Meanwhile, improve the quality of high-carbon chrome alloy.
Blue charcoal characteristic: larger than resistance, activity is good, Well-recovered, foreign matter content is low; Fugitive constituent is high, and bad mechanical strength, broken loss greatly, enter stove scaling loss large; Price is low.Utilize its poorly conductive, solve electrode allowance below nominal size difficulty; Well-recovered, can further reduce and in slag, run chromium.
The tradition such as metallurgical coke is burnt plants, and physical strength is good, is beneficial to the stable of the interior enriched carbon layer of stove, stablizes ore reduction.Metallurgical coke (generally): fixed carbon >75%, fugitive constituent <2%, ash <15%, sulphur <1.0%, phosphorus <0.4%, moisture content <10%, resistivity at room temperature 800～2000 μ Ω m, chemical reactivity (a/%, 1100 ℃): 25～60.
Coal: larger than resistance, activity is good, Well-recovered, price is low, and still, fugitive constituent is high, bad mechanical strength.In the ferroalloy industry, directly apply rare.
From reducing the angle of carbonaceous reducing agent cost, blue charcoal and coal that can multiplex low price; But, use in a large number blue charcoal and coal, mineral hot furnace production technique can not direct motion, the working of a furnace worsens, and reduces smelting technology index, cost increases, will still do not lose, but utilize the inventive method can separate this problem.
Wherein, in aforesaid method step a, described agglomeration is processed and can be adopted the mode of pressure ball or the mode of sintering to carry out agglomeration, preferably adopts the mode of sintering to carry out agglomeration.
Preferably, in order to make better effects if of the present invention, in aforesaid method step a, blocky chromium raw material granularity is controlled and is: 20～100mm accounts for more than 90%.
Wherein, in aforesaid method step a, carbonaceous reducing agent fugitive constituent≤6% after pretreatment.
Wherein, in aforesaid method step b, every crowd of batching gross weight 200～500kg.
Below by embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further, but therefore protection scope of the present invention is not limited among embodiment.
In embodiment, adopt 16500KVA mineral hot furnace to carry out production practice.
Embodiment mono-
Application the inventive method, feed stock for blast furnace reductive agent moisture content 2.7%, ore granularity: raw material granularity is controlled at 20～100 ㎜, wherein Li Du≤20 ㎜ ratio is below 8%, carbonaceous reducing agent granularity: 10～50 ㎜, carbonaceous reducing agent proportioning: blue charcoal 45%, metallurgical coke 30%, hard coal 25%, operation measure: compounding links, every batch of material 300(㎏/batch), compound, by blending bun batch mixing again.For charge level, control, take, feeding thickness of fire door is controlled in 130 ㎜, for the poor region of the local ventilation property of charge level, takes in time dazzlingly, and loose charge level, improves ventilation property.In production practice, during application, mineral hot furnace production run in order.Electrode steady running, the lower slotting degree of depth is at 2.4 meters, and fire door is without the phenomenon of turning over the deterioration working of a furnaces such as slag, thorn fire.210 ℃ of flue-gas temperatures, flue gas particles is reduced to 2.1g/m
3left and right, flue dust SO
2concentration 18mg/m
3left and right.Electric furnace output gets a promotion, and day output reaches more than 97 tons, smelts electric unit consumption and is reduced to 3240 KWhs/ton (ton in kind, chromium 50% benchmark power consumptions 2800), chromium recovery ratio 93.2%.Charcoal unit consumption, 0.44t/t.Product phosphorus, sulphur content: P:0.010%, S:0.016%
Embodiment bis-
Apply this inventive method, feed stock for blast furnace reductive agent moisture content 3.0, ore granularity: raw material granularity is controlled at 10～100 ㎜, wherein Li Du≤10 ㎜ ratio is below 10%, carbonaceous reducing agent granularity: 10～50 ㎜, carbonaceous reducing agent proportioning: blue charcoal 55%, metallurgical coke 30%, hard coal 15%, operation measure: compounding links, every batch of material 400(㎏/batch), compound, by blending bun batch mixing again.For charge level, control, take, feeding thickness of fire door is controlled in 150 ㎜, for the poor region of the local ventilation property of charge level, takes dazzlingly, and loose charge level, improves ventilation property.In production practice, during application, mineral hot furnace production run in order.Electrode is steady, and the lower slotting degree of depth is at 2.45 meters, and fire door is without the phenomenon of turning over the deterioration working of a furnaces such as slag, thorn fire.195 ℃ of flue-gas temperatures, flue gas particles is reduced to 2.0g/m
3left and right, flue dust SO
2concentration 16mg/m
3left and right.Electric furnace day output reaches 97.5 tons, smelts electric unit consumption and is reduced to 3200 KWhs/ton (tons in kind).Charcoal unit consumption, 0.43t/t., chromium recovery ratio 93.8%.Product phosphorus, sulphur content: P:0.008%, S:0.013%
Embodiment tri-
Apply this inventive method, feed stock for blast furnace reductive agent moisture content 2.7%, ore granularity: raw material granularity is controlled at 10～100 ㎜, wherein Li Du≤10 ㎜ ratio 8% with, carbonaceous reducing agent granularity: 10～50 ㎜, carbonaceous reducing agent proportioning: blue charcoal 25%, metallurgical coke 60%, hard coal 15%, operation measure: compounding links, every batch of material 300(㎏/batch), compound, by blending bun batch mixing again.For charge level, control, take, feeding thickness of fire door is controlled in 100 ㎜, for the poor region of the local ventilation property of charge level, takes dazzlingly, and loose charge level, improves ventilation property.In production practice, during application, mineral hot furnace production run in order.Under electrode, insert the degree of depth at 2.35 meters, fire door is without the phenomenon of turning over the deterioration working of a furnaces such as slag, thorn fire.215 ℃ of flue-gas temperatures, flue gas particles 2.3g/m
3left and right, flue dust SO
2concentration 21mg/m
3left and right.Electric furnace day output reaches more than 94.5 tons, smelts 3280 KWhs/ton of electric unit consumption (ton in kind), chromium recovery ratio 92.7%.Charcoal unit consumption, 0.45t/t.Product phosphorus, sulphur content: P:0.013%, S:0.019%.
From illustration, find out, in the given carbonaceous reducing agent ratio range of inventive method, blue charcoal ratio is high, is beneficial to the degree of depth slotting under electrode darker, reach more than 2.40 meters, be of value to raising output, reduce and smelt electric unit consumption, reduce charcoal unit consumption, reduce smoke discharge amount, improve the quality of products.
Table 1 embodiment metallurgical effect parameter and the front parameter comparison of application the present invention
For further comparative illustration effect of the present invention, applicant specifically enumerates the detection data before improvement again.Before improvement, reductive agent adopts metallurgical coke, and fine ore chrome ore is not processed through agglomeration, and reductive agent is without crossing screening, drying and processing, and every batch of material 1000kg during batching, adopts dynamic measurement, feeding thickness 200-500mm of fire door.
The former 16500KVA mineral hot furnace of applicant (the uncovered mineral hot furnace of low hood) smelting high carbon ferrochrome, before not using combined reducing agent and improving smelting technology, situation is:
(1) electrode is difficult to lower inserting, and the length of inserting furnace charge under electrode is inadequate, that is, welding tip short (length that is inserted into furnace charge under electrode is called the effective working end of electrode), fire door temperature is higher, and fire door thermosteresis is large, and flue-gas temperature is high;
(2) stack gas emissions is high compared with concentration, and the soot dust granule substrate concentration before dedusting is at 4g/m
3above, flue dust SO
2concentration 30mg/m
3above;
By actual measurement, detect data as table 2:
Table 2 electrode and flue dust check data
(3) in high-carbon chrome alloy, phosphorus, sulphur impurity element higher (though all within the scope of national standard, still, can not meet the needs that some special users are strict with phosphorus, sulphur impurity element).
Detect data as table 3:
Table 3 ferrochrome sulphur phosphorus content
| ? | P，% | S，% |
| Sample 1 | 0.034 | 0.035 |
| Sample 2 | 0.032 | 0.033 |
| Sample 3 | 0.031 | 0.032 |
(4) coke cost is high, alloy per ton (material object) coke consumption amount: 0.49t/t, alloy carbonaceous reducing agent cost per ton 700 yuan/more than t.
(5) smelting index is poor: yield poorly, smelt electric unit consumption high.Day output, in 85 tons (material object) left and right, is smelted 3600 KWhs/ton of electric unit consumption (material object), chromium recovery ratio 91%.
Claims (5)
1. by the production method of carbonaceous combined reducing agent smelting high carbon ferrochrome, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, raw materials pretreatment: chrome ore fines stone is processed through agglomeration, obtained granularity 10～100mm and account for more than 90% blocky chromium raw material;
The blue charcoal of carbonaceous reducing agent, hard coal and metallurgical coke are sieved respectively and drying and processing, make carbonaceous reducing agent granularity 10～50mm, moisture content≤3%, then by carbonaceous reducing agent by weight ratio: blue charcoal 20～60%, hard coal 10～30%, metallurgical coke 30～60% mix, and obtain carbonaceous combined reducing agent;
B, batching: by the mixing of preparing burden in batches of blocky chromium raw material and carbonaceous combined reducing agent, every crowd of batching gross weight≤500kg, sends into blending bun again and mix after every batch of batching; During batching, control Aggregate Feeding Error in ± 0.5%;
C, charging smelt: the material that step b batching is mixed is sent into mineral hot furnace and smelted, and feeding thickness of fire door is controlled in 150mm, for the poor region of the local ventilation property of charge level after charging, adopt the dazzling mode charge level that loosens, and improve ventilation property.
2. the production method with carbonaceous combined reducing agent smelting high carbon ferrochrome according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step a, described agglomeration processing refers to and adopts the mode of pressure ball or sintering to carry out agglomeration.
3. the production method with carbonaceous combined reducing agent smelting high carbon ferrochrome according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step a, blocky chromium raw material granularity is: 20～100mm accounts for more than 90%.
4. the production method with carbonaceous combined reducing agent smelting high carbon ferrochrome according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step a, and carbonaceous reducing agent fugitive constituent≤6%.
5. the production method with carbonaceous combined reducing agent smelting high carbon ferrochrome according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step b, and every crowd of batching gross weight 200～500kg.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN104328279A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-02-04 | 北京华福神雾工业炉有限公司 | Method of performing carbon thermal reduction by use of waste heat of melt |
| CN105112663A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-02 | 中冶东方工程技术有限公司 | Combined production process for high-carbon ferro-chrome and semi-coke |
| CN105524673A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-04-27 | 四川德胜集团钒钛有限公司 | Sintering fuel and use method thereof |
| CN107267854A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-10-20 | 徐州宏阳新材料科技有限公司 | The smelting process and product of a kind of high carbon ferro-chrome |
| CN111893230A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-11-06 | 徐州宏阳新材料科技有限公司 | Coke in ferrochromium smelting production and preparation method thereof |
| CN114045395A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-15 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Production method for smelting titanium-containing slag by using carbonaceous combined reducing agent |
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| CN104328279A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-02-04 | 北京华福神雾工业炉有限公司 | Method of performing carbon thermal reduction by use of waste heat of melt |
| CN105112663A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-02 | 中冶东方工程技术有限公司 | Combined production process for high-carbon ferro-chrome and semi-coke |
| CN105112663B (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-08-29 | 中冶东方工程技术有限公司 | A kind of combined producing process of high carbon ferro-chrome and semi-coke |
| CN105524673A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-04-27 | 四川德胜集团钒钛有限公司 | Sintering fuel and use method thereof |
| CN107267854A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-10-20 | 徐州宏阳新材料科技有限公司 | The smelting process and product of a kind of high carbon ferro-chrome |
| CN111893230A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-11-06 | 徐州宏阳新材料科技有限公司 | Coke in ferrochromium smelting production and preparation method thereof |
| CN114045395A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-15 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Production method for smelting titanium-containing slag by using carbonaceous combined reducing agent |
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Effective date of registration: 20160606 Address after: Gan River Industrial Park, economic and Technological Development Zone 816000 Qinghai city of Xining province Qinghai Jinguang nickel chromium Material Co. Ltd. Patentee after: Qinghai Jinguang nickel chromium Material Co. Ltd. Address before: 618300, No. two, Section 1, northbound Suzhou, Deyang, Sichuan, Guanghan Patentee before: Sichuan Guang Guang Industrial (Group) Limited by Share Ltd |
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