Self-loopa chemical synthesis device
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of chemical industry equipment, be related specifically to a kind of chemosynthesis reaction device.
Background technology
Current, energy shortage, methyl alcohol, dimethyl ether replace the energy to cause the interest of people, replaced the consumption in power applications significantly to increase in recent years, and facilitated the development of methyl alcohol, dimethylether industrial at methyl alcohol, dimethyl ether.
Methanol, dimethyl ether or synthetic ammonia need to carry out in synthesis reactor, under catalytic condition, synthesizing methanol, dimethyl ether synthesis, synthetic ammonia perhaps other combination reactions many is all reversible reaction, after target product reaches finite concentration, balance will be in, react and will no longer carry out to the direction of synthesis target product, can continue to make reaction to carry out to target product direction, mix products must be made to export from synthesis reactor and fill into new raw material gas in synthesis reactor, target product concentration in synthesis reactor is reduced, combination reaction is made to proceed after destruction of balance, after mix products exports from synthesis reactor, by separation equipment, unreacting gas is separated, again unreacting gas is returned in synthesis reactor and carry out circular response, because one way catalytic rate is only about 20%, unstripped gas must by being reacted into target product after the compression that repeatedly circulates in synthesis reactor, and the compression that circulates all needs to consume very large compression energy consumption at every turn.
In existing synthesis reactor, under the condition of applications catalyst synthesis, the operating pressure of synthetic ammonia is at more than 8MPa, the operating pressure of synthesizing methanol is between 3 ~ 15MPa, the operating pressure of direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from synthesis gas is between 2 ~ 5MPa, obtain above-mentioned operating pressure, multi-stage compression must be taked to realize, compression energy consumption is very large, therefore, existing synthesis reactor repeatedly must circulate and unstripped gas could be synthesized the production process of target product with multi-stage compression, there is the shortcoming that power consumption is large.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome existing chemical synthesis equipment and unstripped gas need be carried out the large shortcoming of iterative cycles compression power consumption, design a kind of chemical synthesis device being carried out automatic cycle catalysis by synthesis reactor oneself in inside, make unstripped gas only just all need can synthesize target product by first compression, significantly to reduce power consumption and to improve catalytic efficiency, in the production of synthetic ammonia, methyl alcohol, dimethyl ether and need carry out realizing energy-saving and emission-reduction in the production process of chemical synthesis at other.
A kind of self-loopa chemical synthesis device of the present invention, it is characterized in that chemical synthesis device is primarily of reative cell (IV), upper chamber (VI), decline tube bank (25), lower chamber (III) and cooling chamber (V) composition, wherein, upper chamber (VI) is in the top of reative cell (IV), lower chamber (III) is in the below of reative cell (IV), cooling chamber (V) is looped around the neighboring of reative cell (IV), decline tube bank (25) through being arranged on upper chamber (VI) and lower chamber (III) in cooling chamber (V), reative cell (IV) is communicated to upper chamber (VI), upper chamber (VI) is communicated to lower chamber (III) by the tube bank (25) that declines, reative cell (IV) is made up of the interior space of wall body (7), and base plate (11) is arranged at the bottom of reative cell (IV), and bottom that is upper at base plate (11) or reative cell wall body (7) has circulating air input port (24) to access and catalyst discharge outlets (12) picks out, cooling chamber (V) is made up of the space between reative cell wall body (7) and shell (9), there is upper spacer (5) upper end of cooling chamber (V), there is lower clapboard (22) lower end of cooling chamber (V), the bottom of cooling chamber (V) has cooling water inlet (23) to access, and the top of cooling chamber (V) has coolant outlet (6) to pick out, upper chamber (VI) is made up of the space between upper end (3) and upper spacer (5), lower chamber (III) is made up of the space between lower end (16) and lower clapboard (22), lower chamber (III) has raw material tonifying Qi interface (21) to access, lower chamber (III) is communicated to the bottom of reative cell (IV) by circulating air input port (24), the bottom of lower chamber (III) is liquid collecting zone (I), and the bottom of liquid collecting zone (I) has product exit (17) to pick out.
In the present invention, the tube bank (25) that declines is made up of branched steel pipe, and branched steel pipe is to be arranged in cooling chamber (V) around mode; Half partition-type structures that circulating air input port (24) is multi-through hole; The lateral wall of the wall body (7) of reative cell installs heat insulation layer (8); At the bottom having heaters (10) of reative cell (IV), heater (10) is electric heater and heat exchanger one wherein; The circulating air input port (24) of reative cell there is circulating air communicating pipe (14), gas skirt (20) is set in lower chamber (III), the top of gas skirt (20) is connected on the input port of circulating air communicating pipe (14), the interior space of gas skirt (20) forms collection chamber (II), and collection chamber (II) is communicated to reative cell (IV) by circulating air communicating pipe (14); In lower chamber (III), have gas-liquid separator (15), gas-liquid separator (15) comprises louvre type separator, coil pipe cooling separator and surface cooler formula separator; Upper end (3) is dome structure, and the top of upper end (3) has catalyst charging hole (VII), and catalyst charging hole (VII) is closed by top cover (1), between top cover (1) and upper end (3) joint face, have sealing ring a(2); Upper spacer (5) is connected between the upper end of reative cell wall body (7) and shell (9), and upper end (3) is arranged on upper spacer (5), between upper spacer (5) and the joint face of upper end (3), have sealing ring c(26); Lower clapboard (22) is connected between the lower end of reative cell wall body (7) and shell (9); Lower end (16) is circular arc bottom structure, and lower end (16) is arranged on the lower end of shell (9), has sealing ring b(19 between the lower end of shell (9) and the joint face of lower end (16)).
Above-mentioned invention in the specific implementation, in reative cell (IV), catalyst is set, the requirement of catalyst according to target product is selected and activates, then in chemical synthesis device, unstripped gas is inputted, unstripped gas is made to enter in reative cell (IV), just combination reaction is carried out in reative cell (IV), generate target product, when unstripped gas carries out combination reaction, heat can be produced, the reaction heat generated can make to heat up in reative cell (IV), thus the unreacting gas in reative cell (IV) and gaseous state target product are heated up, the density of the gaseous mixture of unreacting gas and the mixing of gaseous state target product is diminished, according to gravity circulation principle, gaseous mixture after intensification can carry out ascending motion, enter into upper chamber (VI), simultaneously, unreacting gas in decline tube bank (25) or gaseous mixture are subject to the cooling effect of cooling chamber (V), temperature declines, the density of unreacting gas or gaseous mixture is increased, according to gravity circulation principle, unreacting gas after cooling or gaseous mixture can carry out descending motion, enter into lower chamber (III), gaseous mixture in lower chamber (III) after gas-liquid separator (15) is separated, be separated into liquid target product and the unreacting gas of gaseous state, liquid target product is exported by product exit (17) and product efferent duct (18) and enters product storage tank, unreacting gas carries out circular response by circulating air communicating pipe (14) entering reative cell (IV) by circulating air input port (24), the unstripped gas that synthesis target product consumes is supplemented by raw material tonifying Qi interface (21), so go round and begin again, oneself automatic cycle is formed in inside by chemical synthesis device, and isolate target product in time, make target product concentration in chemical synthesis device all the time lower than equalization point, make combination reaction can continue to carry out.The present invention makes unstripped gas only just all need can synthesize target product by first compression, and do not need a mixture output-response device to be separated outward, overcome unstripped gas and need carry out the large shortcoming of iterative cycles compression power consumption, improve catalytic efficiency, realize energy-saving and emission-reduction.
In above-mentioned invention, cooling chamber (V) is set in chemical synthesis device, take the measure of tube bank (25) through cooling chamber (V) that decline, in the pipe that making declines restrains (25), fractional cold is very high, make unreacting gas or gaseous mixture fast cooling and carry out descending motion, the downward gravitation of automatic generation, gaseous mixture in upper chamber (VI) is incorporated in lower chamber (III), again the gaseous mixture in lower chamber (III) is separated, isolated unreacting gas supplements in reative cell (IV) by circulating air input port (24) in time, the gaseous mixture heated up in driving a reaction room (IV) accelerates ascending motion, the gaseous mixture that the gaseous mixture accelerating ascending motion in reative cell (IV) makes decline restrain in (25) by ringing again accelerates descending motion, thus, oneself constantly circulation power is produced in inside by chemical synthesis device.
In above-mentioned invention, the effect arranging heater (10) in the bottom of reative cell (IV) is for reative cell (IV) carries out auxiliary heating, the room temperature of target product synthesis is applicable in the initial generation of equipment investment operation, the adjustment of operating temperature is carried out when equipment normally runs, meanwhile, the effect making unstripped gas accelerate circulation catalysis is played.Described heater (10) is electric heater or heat exchanger, selects existing products in markets.
In above-mentioned invention, gas skirt (20) is set in lower chamber (III) and has circulating air communicating pipe (14) on circulating air input port (24), the top of gas skirt (20) is connected on the input port of circulating air communicating pipe (14), its effect is that unreacting gas is assembled at gas skirt (20), the interior space of gas skirt (20) is made to form collection chamber (II), heavy target product is made not enter the top of gas skirt (20), thus prevent the gaseous target product in lower chamber (III) from feeding back in reative cell (IV) by circulating air input port (24), be conducive to improving the catalytic efficiency in reative cell (IV).
In above-mentioned invention, gas-liquid separator (15) is set in lower chamber (III), its objective is that a target product is separated in time, reduce the target product concentration in chemical synthesis device, combination reaction is carried out to favourable direction, makes unstripped gas accelerate synthesis target product, improve catalytic efficiency.Described gas-liquid separator (15) comprises louvre type separator, coil pipe cooling separator and surface cooler formula separator, when using louvre type separator, gas-liquid separation is carried out to collide separate mode, when aerosol particle in mixture runs into louver plate washer in flow process, agglomerating and form liquid target product through colliding mutually condensation; When using coil pipe cooling separator and surface cooler formula separator, gas-liquid separation is carried out in condensation separation mode, when the surface temperature of coil pipe or surface cooler drops to below the evaporating temperature of target product, just the target product of gaseous state is made to condense in the surface of coil pipe or surface cooler and isolate liquid product, or when the room temperature of lower chamber (III) is reduced to below the evaporating temperature of target product, the target product of gaseous state is just condensed into liquid target product, reaches separation object.
In above-mentioned invention, circulating air input port (24) is designed to half partition-type structures of multi-through hole, catalyst in reative cell (IV) can not be leaked by circulating air input port (24), and half partition-type structures of multi-through hole can not hinder unreacting gas to enter in reative cell (IV).
In above-mentioned invention, the object that the lateral wall of the wall body (7) of reative cell is installed heat insulation layer (8) makes the wall body of reative cell (7) separate cooling chamber (V), avoid reative cell (IV) to be cooled, thus ensure the temperature keeping chemical reaction needs in reative cell (IV).
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: a kind of self-loopa chemical synthesis device of design, make unstripped gas only just all need can synthesize target product by first compression, significantly to reduce power consumption and to improve catalytic efficiency, in the production process of chemical synthesis, realize energy-saving and emission-reduction.Compared with routine techniques, instant invention overcomes conventional chemical synthesis equipment need carry out the large shortcoming of iterative cycles compression power consumption unstripped gas.The present invention can apply on the production line of the chemical synthesis products such as methyl alcohol, dimethyl ether, synthetic ammonia.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of a kind of self-loopa chemical synthesis device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the A-A profile of Fig. 1.
In figure: 1. top cover, 2. sealing ring a, 3. upper end, 4. temperature sensor, 5. upper spacer, 6. coolant outlet, 7. reative cell wall body, 8. heat insulation layer, 9. shell, 10. heater, 11. reative cell base plates, 12. catalyst discharge outlets, 13. catalyst discharge ducts, 14. circulating air communicating pipes, 15. gas-liquid separators, 16. lower ends, 17. product exit, 18. product efferent ducts, 19. sealing ring b, 20. gas skirts, 21. raw material tonifying Qi interfaces, 22. lower clapboards, 23. cooling water inlets, 24. circulating air input ports, 25. decline restrains, 26. sealing ring c, I. liquid collecting zone, II. collection chamber, III. lower chamber, IV. reative cell, V. cooling chamber, VI. upper chamber, VII. catalyst charging hole.
Detailed description of the invention
In embodiment shown in Fig. 1, self-loopa chemical synthesis device is primarily of reative cell (IV), upper chamber (VI), decline tube bank (25), lower chamber (III) and cooling chamber (V) composition, wherein, upper chamber (VI) is in the top of reative cell (IV), lower chamber (III) is in the below of reative cell (IV), cooling chamber (V) is looped around the neighboring of reative cell (IV), decline tube bank (25) through being arranged on upper chamber (VI) and lower chamber (III) in cooling chamber (V), reative cell (IV) is communicated to upper chamber (VI), upper chamber (VI) is communicated to lower chamber (III) by the tube bank (25) that declines, reative cell (IV) is made up of the interior space of wall body (7), and base plate (11) is arranged at the bottom of reative cell (IV), and bottom that is upper at base plate (11) or reative cell wall body (7) has circulating air input port (24) to access and catalyst discharge outlets (12) picks out, cooling chamber (V) is made up of the space between reative cell wall body (7) and shell (9), there is upper spacer (5) upper end of cooling chamber (V), there is lower clapboard (22) lower end of cooling chamber (V), the bottom of cooling chamber (V) has cooling water inlet (23) to access, and the top of cooling chamber (V) has coolant outlet (6) to pick out, upper chamber (VI) is made up of the space between upper end (3) and upper spacer (5), lower chamber (III) is made up of the space between lower end (16) and lower clapboard (22), lower chamber (III) has raw material tonifying Qi interface (21) to access, lower chamber (III) is communicated to the bottom of reative cell (IV) by circulating air input port (24), the bottom of lower chamber (III) is liquid collecting zone (I), and the bottom of liquid collecting zone (I) has product exit (17) to pick out.In the present embodiment, the tube bank (25) that declines is made up of 56 steel pipes, and 56 steel pipes are to be arranged in cooling chamber (V) around mode; Half partition-type structures that circulating air input port (24) is multi-through hole; The lateral wall of the wall body (7) of reative cell installs heat insulation layer (8); At the bottom having heaters (10) of reative cell (IV), heater (10) is electric heater; The circulating air input port (24) of reative cell there is circulating air communicating pipe (14), gas skirt (20) is set in lower chamber (III), the top of gas skirt (20) is connected on the input port of circulating air communicating pipe (14), the interior space of gas skirt (20) forms collection chamber (II), and collection chamber (II) is communicated to reative cell (IV) by circulating air communicating pipe (14); Gas-liquid separator (15) is had, gas-liquid separator (15) surface cooler formula separator in lower chamber (III); Upper end (3) is dome structure, and the top of upper end (3) has catalyst charging hole (VII), and catalyst charging hole (VII) is closed by top cover (1), between top cover (1) and upper end (3) joint face, have sealing ring a(2); Upper spacer (5) is connected between the upper end of reative cell wall body (7) and shell (9), and upper end (3) is arranged on upper spacer (5), between upper spacer (5) and the joint face of upper end (3), have sealing ring c(26); Lower clapboard (22) is connected between the lower end of reative cell wall body (7) and shell (9); Lower end (16) is circular arc bottom structure, and lower end (16) is arranged on the lower end of shell (9), has sealing ring b(19 between the lower end of shell (9) and the joint face of lower end (16)); Temperature sensor (4) is had in upper chamber (VI).
The above embodiments are when applying, in reative cell (IV), catalyst is set, the requirement of catalyst according to target product is selected and activates, then in chemical synthesis device, unstripped gas is inputted, unstripped gas is made to enter in reative cell (IV), just combination reaction is carried out in reative cell (IV), generate target product, when unstripped gas carries out combination reaction, heat can be produced, the reaction heat generated can make to heat up in reative cell (IV), thus the target product of the unreacting gas in reative cell (IV) and gaseous state is heated up, the density of the gaseous mixture of unreacting gas and the mixing of gaseous state target product is diminished, according to gravity circulation principle, gaseous mixture after intensification can carry out ascending motion, enter into upper chamber (VI), simultaneously, unreacting gas in decline tube bank (25) or gaseous mixture are subject to the cooling effect of cooling chamber (V), temperature declines, the density of unreacting gas or gaseous mixture is increased, according to gravity circulation principle, unreacting gas after cooling or gaseous mixture can carry out descending motion, enter into lower chamber (III), gaseous mixture in lower chamber (III) after gas-liquid separator (15) is separated, be separated into liquid target product and the unreacting gas of gaseous state, liquid target product is exported by product exit (17) and product efferent duct (18) and enters product storage tank, unreacting gas carries out circular response by circulating air communicating pipe (14) entering reative cell (IV) by circulating air input port (24), the unstripped gas that synthesis target product consumes is supplemented by raw material tonifying Qi interface (21), so go round and begin again, oneself automatic cycle is formed in inside by chemical synthesis device, and in time target product is separated, make target product concentration in chemical synthesis device all the time lower than equalization point, make combination reaction can continue to carry out.In process of production, obtain the temperature in reative cell (IV) by temperature sensor (4), then by the temperature that operate heater (10) is run or stopping controls in reative cell (IV), make it the temperature requirement meeting chemical synthesis.
The production line of the above embodiments as methyl alcohol, dimethyl ether, synthetic ammonia or other chemical synthesis product is applied.When applying as synthesizing methanol equipment, arrange at reative cell (IV) with the Al of the CuO of 48%, the ZnO of 46% and 5%
2o
3for the pellet type catalyst of component, then the H of the CO of a volume and two volumes
2be input in chemical synthesis device as unstripped gas after mixing, carry out synthesizing methanol production, the reaction equation that unstripped gas synthesizes methyl alcohol is CO+2H
2→ CH
3oH+102.5kj; When applying as one-step synthesis method dimethyl ether equipment, arrange at reative cell (IV) with the Al of the CuO of 48%, the ZnO of 46% and 5%
2o
3for the pellet type catalyst of component, then add and fill out ZSM-5 molecular sieve, then the H of the CO of a volume and two volumes
2be input in chemical synthesis device as unstripped gas after mixing, carry out dimethyl ether synthesis production, the reaction equation that unstripped gas synthesizes dimethyl ether is 2CO+4H
2→ (CH
3)
2o+H
2o+200.2kj; When applying as ammonia synthesis unit, arrange with catalyst component based on Fe, with Al at reative cell (IV)
2o
3, K
2o, CaO, SiO
2, BaO is promoter, then the N of a volume
2with the H of three volumes
2be input in chemical synthesis device as unstripped gas after mixing, carry out Ammonia Production, the reaction equation that unstripped gas synthesizes ammonia is N
2+ 3H
2→ 2NH
3+ 92.1kj.