CN1036552C - Method for manufacturing teaching topographic model with convex surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention belongs to a method for manufacturing geographical teaching articles. According to a manufactured topographic scale altimeter, a filling material, such as polystyrene and stearin foamed plastic (or wood), is cut into a plurality of blocks, a blending agent composed of cohesive materials of water gel, dual instruction powder and saw powder adheres to isohypses and isobathes on a surface topographic map of a topographic model, and the surface is coated with dope, such as alcohol and butyral, with the ratio of 10 to 20: 1. The method has the advantages that the scale of the isobathes and the isohypses of the altimeter of the topographic state can be reflected accurately, the model is real, visual, accurate and firm, etc.

Description

A kind of method for making of topographic model with convex surface of the usefulness of imparting knowledge to students

The invention belongs to a kind of method for making of geographical teaching articles for use.

Geography research to as if earth surface, landform terrestrial globe and topographic map model are the epitomes of the earth, earth surface.At present, the various terrestrial globes of domestic use and cartographic model play a role to teaching and other field.But the terrestrial globe cartographic model by the author's long practice discovery is used to impart knowledge to students exists certain defective and problem.At first, the landform terrestrial globe can not reflect the relief form of any engineer's scale truly, intuitively, exactly; Secondly the compaction material that uses mostly is gypsum greatly, because bonding is insecure, often comes off during use, brings inconvenience to teaching.The kind of terrestrial globe is general many now, terrestrial globe of rechargeable, multi-functional, intelligence assembly group or the like is arranged, though they have certain novelty,, make the student reach rational and perceptual knowledge also has a lot of weak points by terrestrial globe and cartographic model etc. from teaching practice.

Purpose of the present invention addresses the above problem exactly, uses new method for making can make model reflect the relief form that topomap mesorelief form and level line, sea-bottom contour, height indicator will be represented exactly, improves the geographical teaching quality.

The present invention realizes like this, a kind of method for making of topographic model with convex surface of the usefulness of imparting knowledge to students, it is characterized in that: at first produce the model dish and then required topomap is posted on the interior last landform engineer's scale height indicator of dish on the model according to made by topographic sheet, the stearic foamed plastic of a kind of compaction material-polystyrene (or timber) is cut into some, use jointing material, be bonded at level line in the topomap, expression sea level elevation in the sea-bottom contour coil, seabed depth, use the gap of the stearic foamed plastic of jointing material filled polystyrene (or timber) again, and the flat identical sea level elevation of brush, the deep kilsyth basalt layer in sea becomes one whole model.

Advantage of the present invention is, can make model reflect height indicator, sea-bottom contour, the isocontour relief form that will represent of topographic map exactly, and model is true to nature, and is directly perceived, accurately, solid etc.And selected new material can alleviate the weight of relief block, the fastness of product is good, be not afraid of humidity, be not acted upon by temperature changes, cartographic model for example, can be during teaching with in the water injection model, make the student see through the water surface can see seabed, sea basin, submarine ridge, trench, knoll, submarine volcano continental platform and ocean with the continent relation of linking to each other; In addition, not only be confined to the articles for use of geographical teaching, can make all kinds of moulds and wall chart as required, to be satisfied with the specialty needs of departments such as administration, scientific research, military affairs, tourist service.

Further introduce the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.

1, bonding filling formative method is made landform terrestrial globe (or cartographic model)

Adopt this method, earlier selected topographic sheet, height indicator, determine the model size, height indicator, (model is identical less than topographic sheet greatly, and height indicator can be identical with the topomap height indicator or requires the corresponding height a little according to actual), then press topographic sheet analogue formation dish, the model packing is bigger than model according to the decoration requirement, and the chassis is preferably selected particieboard or fiberboard for use, and scale board is made.

After carrying out the model dish, selected topomap is posted in the dish, with stearic foamed plastic of polystyrene or timber, cut into some by the height indicator of selected topographic maps and use glue, the dry powder blending agents glues the topomap level line on topomap, the sea level elevation that sea-bottom contour is represented, seabed depth, use glue again, dry powder, saw foam blending agents ratio: the gap of [(3: 1): 1: l] (annotate: (3: 1) melt the required ratio of glue for water) stearic foamed plastic of filled polystyrene or timber, the flat identical sea level elevation of brush, the deep kilsyth basalt layer in sea becomes one whole model, then according to topomap height indicator different altitude height, the colo(u)r breakup of the deep degree in sea is painted, the expression Terrain Elevation, the deep degree in sea is drawn former topomap warp and weft, graticules.The mark longitude and latitude, annotation, legend.The surface is coated with alcohol, butyral blending agents ratio (10～20: 1) last varnishing, the decoration map title, legend, figure limit.

2, make three-dimensional topographic map model with the casting formative method:

This method for making has obvious difference with filling appearance, after producing mould with said method, topomap is attached in the dish, with glue, dry powder, the saw foam is adjusted into topomap level line in the semisolid blending agents injection dish, water in the sea-bottom contour circle and cast out level line, sea-bottom contour loop graph shape, height indicator intermediate altitude height by fixed cartographic model, the deep degree in sea waters and casts out represented land height, Hai Shen, produce the topographic map model with said method again, this method does not need stearic foamed plastic of cutting polystyrene or timber, directly uses glue, dry powder, the casting of saw foam blending agents gets final product.

3, the complete method for making of landform terrestrial globe

The method for making of landform terrestrial globe than topographic map modelling complexity many, main body is geoid and base combination, easy globe base can use steel plate, garden steel, steel pipe, doughnut steel ring as material, and the worker is welded into base through roller, preferably selects for use casting technique to make base.The earlier selected terrestrial globe diameter of the making of landform geoid, the earth's axis.The earth's axis can be used steel pipe manufacturing, selects an end of steel pipe to be inserted in a steel ball as the arctic, and the other end crosses equator, north and south polar circle, is welded on earth's axis equatorial radius with iron wire, radius outer end, the Antarctic Circle as the South Pole.Use iron wire (the most handy bamboo bar can alleviate the weight of spheroid like this) to cross graticules then, the South Pole end of the earth's axis is installed in the bearing of globe base support.With paper graticules is stuck with paste into firm positive spheroid, spherome surface swabbing glue, the dry powder blending agents, with sand paper with the sphere polishing, warp and weft draws, graticules is drawn world location figure, the stearic foamed plastic of polystyrene (or timber) is cut into some adheres to expression land height, Hai Shen in level line in the topomap, the sea-bottom contour circle.Then use glue, dry powder, saw foam blending agents (ratio is ditto described) to fill the flat identical sea level elevation of gap brush, press different altitude height in the height indicator, the sea color dyes of degree deeply.After making the landform geoid, coat surface coating, its optimal proportion of alcohol and butyral is 16: 1, and its effect is better.

4, the method for making of mould

Adopt above-mentioned several method for making,, can't resolve batch process, want to satisfy actual requirement, must adopt mould production because manufacturability is too strong.

This particular manufacturing craft is made up of the relief block piece of some equal portions, and employing timber is diaphragm capsule, and diaphragm capsule is than the high 1cm of model, and mould adopts aluminum or aluminum alloy material and other metal material.

Easy mould is topomap to be cut into some equal portions (every part of size is easily to turn over mould, the demoulding comes fixed), make relief block as stated above with every part, be sample with every block models then, length with every, wide, it is high that to be difficult for curved high-quality timber be diaphragm capsule (diaphragm capsule exceeds 1 centimetre than model) for size is selected for use, when manufacturing mould, every block models is all put into diaphragm capsule, between diaphragm capsule and model, sandwich with the level paper matrix type of diaphragm capsule plate surface and coat form oil, pour into the glue of average 2 centimetres of thickness, dry powder, saw foam blending agents, doing the back fills with the stearic foamed plastic of polystyrene as jointing material with this blending agents again, fill up, fill and lead up diaphragm capsule (height of diaphragm capsule exceeds 1 centimetre than filling plastics), the surface pours into the blending agents of 1 centimetre of thickness again as jointing material handle particieboard or the fiberboard stick on top the same with the diaphragm capsule size then, diaphragm capsule is turned over, after waiting to do with diaphragm capsule, model block trips out the stearic foaming plastic block of polystyrene that (demoulding) stay as mould.Use this mould can mass-produce the model block of identical size, they combine by the big young pathbreaker of employing topomap with these model block again, make complete three-dimensional topographic map model.

Desirable mould is to adopt the casting technique aluminium, and aluminum alloy materials is cast as mould, and this mould is sturdy and durable, is suitable for larger batch process.The landform terrestrial globe also can adopt the method for this piecemeal, combination to produce in batches.

Landform terrestrial globe and topographic map model are that principle resembles according to topomap height indicator, level line, sea-bottom contour loop graph on topomap according to the map, represented sea level elevation, and the sea is spent on topomap directly bonding deeply, filling, casting forming.It is the three-dimensional reprint of topomap, and it is than any sand table, and model more can be true, and image is directly perceived, reflects the three-dimensional landform content that topomap is represented exactly.

The bonding filling moulding of landform terrestrial globe and topographic map model, the casting formative method can be widely used in scientific research, administrative, military, tourism, service department, landform terrestrial globe and topographic map model still have the very big degree of depth and range on method for making and manufacturing technology, in research from now on, can dispose microcomputer, sound-track engraving apparatus, slide projector, projector, modernized electrical equipment such as display screen, the control sound equipment, video picture, literal and data presentation, reach sound, light,, signal Synchronization such as image show, landform terrestrial globe and the topographic map model that explains orally makes it to bring into play bigger effect synchronously.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of method for making of topographic model with convex surface of the usefulness of imparting knowledge to students, it is characterized in that: at first produce the model dish and then required topomap is posted in the model dish by topographic sheet, last landform engineer's scale height indicator according to made, the stearic foamed plastic of a kind of compaction material-polystyrene (or timber) is cut into some, use jointing material, be bonded at level line among the topographical surface figure of relief block, represented sea level elevation in the sea-bottom contour coil, seabed depth, use the gap of the stearic foamed plastic of jointing material filled polystyrene (or timber) again, and the flat identical sea level elevation of brush, the deep kilsyth basalt layer in sea becomes one whole model.

2, by the described method for making of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described jointing material comprises glue, dry powder, saw foam, and its optimal proportion is [(3: 1): 1: 1].

3, by the described method for making of claim 1, it is characterized in that: some of described compaction materials, can select for use several moulds to make, described mould is the diaphragm capsule of the high 1cm of model type.

4, by the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that described bonding agent is glue, dry powder, saw foam blending agents, it can be adjusted into semisolid, spend deeply, water and cast out the represented actual three-dimensional landform of topomap by fixed model height indicator intermediate altitude height, sea.