CN103651774B - A kind of biology for edible mushroom stores agent, its preparation method and edible fungus fresh-keeping paper - Google Patents
A kind of biology for edible mushroom stores agent, its preparation method and edible fungus fresh-keeping paper Download PDFInfo
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- CN103651774B CN103651774B CN201310635219.4A CN201310635219A CN103651774B CN 103651774 B CN103651774 B CN 103651774B CN 201310635219 A CN201310635219 A CN 201310635219A CN 103651774 B CN103651774 B CN 103651774B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of biology for edible mushroom and store agent, be specifically related to a kind of biology for edible mushroom and store agent, its preparation method and edible fungus fresh-keeping paper.Biology of the present invention stores the Extracellular metabolism that agent contains bacillus subtilis BSD-2, does is described bacillus subtilis BSD-2 CGMCC at the deposit number of China General Microbiological culture presevation administrative center? No.8440, and develop a kind of tin foil with good fresh-keeping effect thus.The present invention is applied to edible mushroom and stores, and can significantly reduce edible mushroom brown stain, extend shelf time 8 ~ 15 under low temperature? my god.The present invention does not add other chemical compositions, has environmental protection, safety, non-contaminating character.Also the postharvest storage being applicable to other fruits and vegetables is fresh-keeping.Popularizing application prospect is wide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biology for edible mushroom and store agent, be specifically related to a kind of biology for edible mushroom containing bacillus subtilis Extracellular metabolism and store agent, belong to food storing technical field.
Background technology
In recent years, China's Edible Fungi development rapidly, has become world's Edible Fungi and big export country, and edible fungus becomes one of staple of China's agricultural byproducts foreign exchange earning.The edible fungus cluster body of firm harvesting, nutritious, very easily cause infecting of microorganism, cause the physiological disease of mushroom body and go bad corrupt.In addition, in transporting procedures, easily cause damage, cause variable color, go bad or rot, do not reach the requirement of selling and processing, bring huge economic loss to mushroom agriculture.Therefore, the research to edible fungus fresh-keeping technology must be strengthened.
Mainly low temperature controlled atmosphere, radiation treatment, Chemical treatment etc. that the research of domestic and international edible fungus fresh-keeping is many, low temperature controlled atmosphere and radiation treatment complicated operation, cost are higher.Containing composition human body being had to potential hazard in Chemical treatment, do not reach the safety requirements to food.After edible mushroom harvesting, preservation by low temperature is one of method for preserving the most frequently used at present, but storage time is relatively short.Biotechnology is fresh-keeping is new development in recent years, have the method for storing and refreshing of bright prospects.Bacillus subtilis (
bacillussubtilis) can multiple antibiotic and enzyme be produced, there is broad spectrum antibiotic activity and extremely strong anti-adversity ability, enjoy the favor of researcher.
In recent years, metabolite about bacillus subtilis is applied to bio-preservative report more, as June 11 2010 Chinese patent CN201010197538.8(applying date) disclose and a kind ofly suppress picked fruits pathogen for the bacillus subtilis of fruit freshness preserving and microbial inoculum thereof, it adopts microbial inoculum as the antistaling agent of fruit freshness preserving, containing a large amount of active thalline in microbial inoculum, therefore higher to the conditional request of preserving; And the growth of bacillus subtilis is fast, fertility is strong, is meeting under its growth conditions and can breed in a large number, and be unfavorable for directly using as antistaling agent.October 29 2009 Chinese patent CN200910209787.1(applying date) disclose a kind of bio-preservative for peach, although the metabolite wherein containing bacillus subtilis and tween, being sprayed directly on to peach surface carries out fresh-keeping, but the method for this patent can not remove thalline completely by means of only the centrifugal 30min of 4500rpm, therefore still there is the risk directly using bacillus subtilis and gemma thereof.
Above-mentioned two parts of patents all for field of fruit freshness keeping, and are sprayed directly on to fruit surface and carry out fresh-keeping.But fruit freshness preserving and edible fungus fresh-keeping have larger difference, one is that fruit itself has crust or has concurrently by hair, has the effect of protection, avoids its inner nutritious pulp directly and extraneous contact, therefore its preservation is relatively easy, and this is not available for edible mushroom.Two is that edible mushroom belongs to climacteric type, still carries out strong metabolic activity and respiration after harvesting, very easily causes stem elongation, variable color, softening, corrupt, affect edibility, should be noted himself metabolic activity of reduction when storing.Therefore, the difficulty of edible fungus fresh-keeping compared with fruit freshness preserving is larger.And edible mushroom is originally as fungi, and bacillus subtilis has antagonism to fungi, therefore can not spray application on edible mushroom by thalline or metabolite, just adds and store the difficulty of agent with bacillus subtilis or its metabolite as edible mushroom.
Existing bibliographical information bacillus subtilis BSD-2 can produce antibiotic, and has inhibitory action to various plants disease fungus.Being cotton verticillium wilt Antagonistic Endophytic as disclosed bacillus subtilis BSD-2 in " Screening and Identification of cotton verticillium wilt Antagonistic Endophytic and antibacterial material research " that Hebei Normal University Journal/natural science edition was delivered in the 5th phase in 2008, having inhibitory action to ten Plants disease funguses such as cotton-wilt fusarium, botrytis cinerea, Botryosphaeria berengeriana f. sp, withered germ of water-melon.But its application in biological preservation field have not been reported.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of biology being applicable to edible mushroom to store agent and preparation method thereof, it has the effectively prolongation edible mushroom shelf-life, colourless, tasteless, nontoxic, harmless feature.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of easy to use edible fungus fresh-keeping paper storing agent containing edible fungus living being.
In order to reach foregoing invention object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
Biology for edible mushroom of the present invention stores the Extracellular metabolism that agent contains bacillus subtilis BSD-2, and described bacillus subtilis BSD-2 is CGMCCNo.8440 at the deposit number of China General Microbiological culture presevation administrative center.
Further, described in the storage of the biology for edible mushroom agent of the present invention, the mass percent of Extracellular metabolism is: 0.5 ~ 3%.
Further, it is the starch of 1 ~ 3% and the shitosan of 0.5 ~ 1.5% that the storage of the biology for edible mushroom agent of the present invention also contains mass ratio, and all the other are supplemented to 100% with water.
Further, the preparation method of the Extracellular metabolism of the bacillus subtilis BSD-2 described in preparation method of the storage of the biology for edible mushroom agent of the present invention comprises the steps:
Step one: prepared by zymotic fluid: access the bacillus subtilis bacterium liquid activated after starch beancake powder medium sterilization, being cultured to cell concentration is 2.0 ~ 5.0 × 10
9cfu/mL;
Step 2: metabolite is separated: by the part bacillus subtilis described in the zymotic fluid centrifugal segregation of step one and the solid constituent in nutrient solution, and with 0.22 μm of filtering with microporous membrane, thalline or gemma are all removed, obtain not containing the Extracellular metabolism filtrate of BSD-2 thalline.
Further, the storage of the biology for edible mushroom agent of the present invention is prepared by following step:
Step one: hay bacillus metabolite 0.5 ~ 3%, starch 1 ~ 3%, shitosan 0.5 ~ 1.5%, all the other are supplemented to 100% by water;
Step 2: under 60 ~ 80 DEG C of conditions, stirs above mixture 500 ~ 600rpm, obtains edible fungus living being and stores agent.
Further, edible fungus fresh-keeping paper of the present invention stores agent by the biology for edible mushroom according to any one in claim 1 ~ 3 and is sprayed at 22g/m
2tissue paper is made.
Further, edible fungus fresh-keeping paper of the present invention sprays described edible fungus living being to store agent wet and do not drip to tissue paper.
Edible mushroom of the present invention refers to gill fungus bacterium that can be edible; Gill fungus bacterium, refers to and can form large-scale meat (or colloid) fructification or the higher fungus class general name of sclerotium tissue; It includes but not limited to mushroom, mushroom, flat mushroom, asparagus, black fungus, white fungus, golden ear, Hericium erinaceus, glossy ganoderma, rhizoma Gastrodiae, Pleurotus nebrodensis, pleurotus eryngii, Cordyceps sinensis, ferfas, matsutake, bolete, chicken soil 5L bacterium, russule, Pleurotus tuber-regium, Lepista mucla (Bull.:Fr.) Cooke, pixie stool, delicious lactarius, Aode mushroom, Sparassis crispa, Russula vivesscens (Schaeff.) Franch, club fungi, yellow handle pixie stool, shuttle handle nipple mushroom etc.
Good effect of the present invention is:
The present invention is that the storage of edible mushroom provides a kind of effective storage approach, and the storage period of significant prolongation edible mushroom, the edible mushroom through process of the present invention can extend 8 ~ 15 days storage periods at low temperatures, and outward appearance is without significant change.
Edible mushroom of the present invention stores agent and belongs to biological and store agent, safer relative to chemical products, its preparation and use procedure all pollution-free, nuisanceless, environmentally friendly.
The shitosan that edible mushroom of the present invention stores in agent has antibacterial, suction-operated, nontoxic, have synergistic function to the Extracellular metabolism of bacillus subtilis BSD-2, starch can increase the suction-operated of bacillus subtilis metabolite on tin foil and binding ability as adhesive.
The present invention utilizes bacillus subtilis metabolite to develop a kind of edible fungus fresh-keeping paper, to extend the preservation time of edible mushroom under cryogenic conditions.The method is economic and practical, simple.
The Extracellular metabolism of bacillus subtilis BSD-2 of the present invention adopts the membrane filtration of 0.22 μm, thalline or gemma is all removed, and obtains not containing the Extracellular metabolism filtrate of BSD-2 thalline.
The preparation method that edible mushroom of the present invention stores agent and edible fungus fresh-keeping paper is simple, easily operates, cost is low, is easy to apply.
Edible mushroom of the present invention stores agent and edible fungus fresh-keeping paper also can be used for preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing.
biological sample preservation information
Bacillus subtilis BSD-2, Classification And Nomenclature is bacillus subtilis (Bacillussubtilis), be preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center on November 06th, 2013, be called for short CGMCC, address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica, postcode 100101, culture presevation number is CGMCCNo.8440.
Detailed description of the invention
Bacillus subtilis BSD-2(of the present invention
bacillussubtilis) bacterial strain be CGMCCNo.8440 at the deposit number of China General Microbiological culture presevation administrative center, can obtain.
The kind of the culture medium of the bacillus subtilis BSD-2 that the present invention relates to can in very large range change, the culture medium cultivating bacillus subtilis can be can be used in for various, such as, can be beef-protein medium, also can be starch beancake powder culture medium (specifically seeing the culture medium prescription that " bacillus subtilis BSD-2 produces the optimization of antibacterial peptide fermentation medium " of " Food Science " the 3rd phase in 2010 announces).
Bacillus subtilis BSD-2 condition of culture of the present invention and inoculum concentration are not particularly limited, as long as the bacteria suspension obtained can be made to meet the following conditions: the concentration of thalline is 2.0 ~ 5.0 × 10
9cfu/mL.
Edible mushroom of the present invention stores agent can be prepared as multiple formulation, as pulvis, liquid or other, when making tin foil, use most convenient.
Below, by embodiment, the present invention is described in more details, but not as limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The acquisition of bacillus subtilis BSD-2 Extracellular metabolism:
(1) actication of culture: activated on culture medium flat plate by the bacterial classification of preservation, picking list bacterium colony expands numerous for subsequent use.
(2) zymotic fluid preparation: prepare starch beancake powder culture medium according to a conventional method, the BSD-2 bacterial strain that step (1) activates is accessed after sterilizing, shaking speed 200rpm, temperature (30 ± 1) DEG C, cultivate 2 ~ 3 days, the metabolite of BSD-2 described in incubation is secreted in extracellular culture medium.
(3) metabolite is separated: by the part bacillus subtilis described in the fluid nutrient medium centrifugal segregation of step (2) and the solid matter in culture medium, and filters with miillpore filter (0.22 μm), and the filtrate obtained is namely containing metabolite.
(4) get the filtrate 1g that gained contains metabolite, with the water dilution of 99 grams, make hay bacillus BSD-2 metabolite mass percent be 1%.Other concentration proportioning can obtain with reference to this method dilution.
Culture medium described in above-mentioned preparation method, culture medium prescription is: peptone 14.0g/L, starch 12.0g/L, beancake powder 6.5g/L, CaCO
32.0g/L, MgSO
41.0g/L, pH7.5.The inoculum concentration of bacillus subtilis BSD-2 is the 10%(10 of culture medium total amount
7~ 10
8individual/mL).
Embodiment 2
Edible mushroom stores the preparation of agent.
Hay bacillus BSD-2 metabolite 3%, adds water and is supplemented to 100%.
Embodiment 3
Edible mushroom stores the preparation of agent.
(1) hay bacillus BSD-2 metabolite 1%, starch 3%, shitosan 1.5%, all the other are supplemented to 100% by water, are placed in stirring-type reactor.
Under (2) 80 DEG C of conditions, stir 30 ~ 50min, until stir with 500rpm.
Embodiment 4
Edible mushroom stores the preparation of agent.
(1) hay bacillus BSD-2 metabolite 3%, starch 1%, shitosan 0.5%, all the other are supplemented to 100% by water, are placed in stirring-type reactor.
Under (2) 70 DEG C of conditions, stir 30 ~ 50min, until stir with 600rpm.
Embodiment 5
The preparation of edible fungus fresh-keeping paper.
(1) hay bacillus BSD-2 metabolite 2%, starch 3%, shitosan 1%, all the other are supplemented to 100% by water, are placed in stirring-type reactor.
Under (2) 80 DEG C of conditions, stir 30 ~ 50min, until stir with 500 ~ 600rpm.
(3) above-mentioned dissolution homogeneity is sprayed at 22g/m
2tissue paper on, after tissue paper drying, both can obtain edible fungus fresh-keeping paper.
Embodiment 6
The preparation of edible fungus fresh-keeping paper.
(1) by hay bacillus metabolite 3%, starch 1%, shitosan 0.5%, all the other are supplemented to 100% by water, are placed in stirring-type reactor.
Under (2) 70 DEG C of conditions, stir 30 ~ 50min, until stir with 550rpm.
(3) above-mentioned dissolution homogeneity is sprayed at 22g/m
2tissue paper on, after tissue paper drying, both can obtain edible fungus fresh-keeping paper.
Embodiment 7
The preparation of edible fungus fresh-keeping paper.
(1) by hay bacillus metabolite 0.5%, starch 2%, shitosan 1.5%, all the other are supplemented to 100% by water, are placed in stirring-type reactor.
Under (2) 60 DEG C of conditions, stir 30 ~ 50min, until stir with 600rpm.
(3) above-mentioned dissolution homogeneity is sprayed at 22g/m
2tissue paper on, after tissue paper drying, both can obtain edible fungus fresh-keeping paper.
Experimental example 1
By the preservation of embodiment 2 ~ 7 for Pleurotus nebrodensis, wherein the edible mushroom of embodiment 2 ~ 4 stores agent one day before use, and even application, on tissue paper, after tissue paper drying, uses every other day.Embodiment 5 ~ 7 is the tin foil manufactured, and it is 180 days that its cryogenic seal deposits the term of validity.
Operating procedure is:
(1) select head even, color is pure white, and matter soft textive is thick, must sting complete, dry free from insect pests, the high-quality mushroom of pure maintenance nature, and the culture matrix that removing is residual in time and pollutant, do not make phage surface protective layer be damaged.Carry out precooling treatment (15 ~ 20h) as early as possible after adopting, thalline is lowered the temperature rapidly, reduce metabolism respiratory activity.
(2) tin foil of embodiment 2 ~ 7 gained is wrapped in Pleurotus nebrodensis surface.Cryopreservation under 0 ~ 2 DEG C of condition, storage period keeps temperature constant and makes regular check on.
(3) pick out same Pleurotus nebrodensis to wrap up without tin foil or only with not spraying the tissue paper storing agent with its contrast, other operating conditions are the same, and when preserving to 20 ~ 25 days, lamella starts browning, and turn to be yellow browning in very fast whole mushroom face, even rotten.And adopting the Pleurotus nebrodensis 35 ~ 40 days under these conditions of tin foil process, it is rotten that lamella and mushroom body just start jaundice.
Experimental example 2
By the preservation of embodiment 2 ~ 7 for coprinus comatus, wherein the edible mushroom of embodiment 2 ~ 4 stores agent one day before use, and even application, on tissue paper, after tissue paper drying, uses every other day.Embodiment 5 ~ 7 is the tin foil manufactured, and it is 180 days that its cryogenic seal deposits the term of validity.
Operating procedure is:
(1) select mushroom shape rounding, bright, mushroom handle hit exactly, and mushroom meat is plump, and crimping is neat, is not stained with mud, without insect pest, intact broken, and keep the high-quality mushroom of nature, the culture matrix that removing is residual in time and pollutant, do not make phage surface protective layer be damaged.Carry out precooling treatment (15 ~ 20h) as early as possible after adopting, thalline is lowered the temperature rapidly, reduce metabolism respiratory activity.
(2) tin foil of embodiment 2 ~ 7 gained is wrapped in coprinus comatus surface, cryopreservation under 0 ~ 3 DEG C of condition, storage period keeps temperature constant and makes regular check on.
(3) pick out same coprinus comatus wrap up without tin foil or only with not spraying the tissue paper storing agent with its contrast, other operating conditions are the same, when preserve 10 ~ 12 days, start to occur that mushroom body turn to be yellow, and top cover is loosening, finally whole rotten.And with the coprinus comatus of tin foil process under these conditions freshness date can reach 20 ~ 25 days, engender that top cover loosens, jaundice afterwards.
Experimental example 3
By the preservation of embodiment 2 ~ 7 for Hericium erinaceus, wherein the edible mushroom of embodiment 2 ~ 4 stores agent one day before use, and even application, on tissue paper, after tissue paper drying, uses every other day.Embodiment 5 ~ 7 is the tin foil manufactured, and it is 180 days that its cryogenic seal deposits the term of validity.
Operating procedure is:
(1) select head even, the gorgeous Huang of color and luster, matter soft textive is thick, is covered with short and small bacterium thorn outward, the high-quality mushroom of pure maintenance nature, and the culture matrix that removing is residual in time and pollutant, do not make phage surface protective layer be damaged.Carry out precooling treatment (15 ~ 20h) as early as possible after adopting, thalline is lowered the temperature rapidly, reduce metabolism respiratory activity.
(2) tin foil of embodiment 2 ~ 7 gained is wrapped in Hericium erinaceus surface, cryopreservation under 0 ~ 5 DEG C of condition, storage period keeps temperature constant and makes regular check on.
(3) pick out same Hericium erinaceus to wrap up without tin foil or only with not spraying the tissue paper storing agent with its contrast, other operating conditions are the same, when preserving 8 ~ 10 days, there is brown plaque in mushroom surface, mushroom bacterium thorn extends, patch color burn, and with peculiar smell and black juice.And with the Hericium erinaceus of tin foil process under these conditions freshness date can reach 18 ~ 22 days, engender foxiness afterwards and rottenly occur peculiar smell etc.
Claims (6)
1. the biology for edible mushroom stores an agent, and it is characterized in that it contains the Extracellular metabolism of bacillus subtilis BSD-2, described bacillus subtilis BSD-2 is CGMCCNo.8440 at the deposit number of China General Microbiological culture presevation administrative center;
The preparation method of the Extracellular metabolism of described bacillus subtilis BSD-2 comprises the steps:
Step one: prepared by zymotic fluid, access the bacillus subtilis bacterium liquid activated after starch beancake powder medium sterilization, being cultured to cell concentration is 2.0 ~ 5.0 × 10
9cfu/mL;
Step 2: metabolite is separated, by the part bacillus subtilis described in the zymotic fluid centrifugal segregation of step one and the solid constituent in nutrient solution, and with 0.22 μm of filtering with microporous membrane, thalline or gemma are all removed, obtain not containing the Extracellular metabolism filtrate of BSD-2 thalline;
Described starch beancake powder culture medium prescription is: peptone 14.0g/L, starch 12.0g/L, beancake powder 6.5g/L, CaCO
32.0g/L, MgSO
41.0g/L, pH7.5.
2. the biology for edible mushroom according to claim 1 stores agent, it is characterized in that the mass percent of described Extracellular metabolism is: 0.5 ~ 3%.
3. the biology for edible mushroom according to claim 2 stores agent, and it is characterized in that it also contains mass ratio is the starch of 1 ~ 3% and the shitosan of 0.5 ~ 1.5%, is supplemented to 100% with water.
4. the biology for edible mushroom according to any one in claim 1 ~ 3 stores a preparation method for agent, it is characterized in that it is prepared by following step:
Step one: hay bacillus metabolite 0.5 ~ 3%, starch 1 ~ 3%, shitosan 0.5 ~ 1.5%, be supplemented to 100% with water;
Step 2: under 60 ~ 80 DEG C of conditions, stirs above mixture 500 ~ 600rpm, obtains edible fungus living being and stores agent.
5. an edible fungus fresh-keeping paper, is characterized in that it stores agent by the biology for edible mushroom according to any one in claim 1 ~ 3 and is sprayed at 22g/m
2tissue paper is made.
6. edible fungus fresh-keeping paper according to claim 5, is characterized in that spraying described edible fungus living being storage agent wets to tissue paper and do not drip.
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| CN105083785B (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-10-27 | 王广升 | A kind of anti-corrosion egg tray and preparation method thereof |
| CN105875820A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2016-08-24 | 鞍山禾瑞生物科技有限公司 | Liquid compound biological preservative and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN106720273A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of biological preservation conditioner |
| CN107201229B (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2019-11-15 | 河北省科学院生物研究所 | A kind of bioremediation agents and its preparation and application with improvement soil and regulating and controlling microbial population structure function |
| CN112266889B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-02-18 | 青岛农业大学 | Pretreatment preparation for picking bacillus subtilis and edible fungi and application thereof |
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| CN102406219A (en) * | 2011-11-17 | 2012-04-11 | 大连春天生物技术有限公司 | Edible mushroom preservation method |
| CN102894070A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-01-30 | 湖北天利达科技有限公司 | Edible mushroom preservation treatment method |
| CN103146613B (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-07-30 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Fermentation culture method for bacillus subtilis PTS-394 |
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