CN103647612A - Attenuation measurement device for waveguide system - Google Patents
Attenuation measurement device for waveguide system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103647612A CN103647612A CN201310713357.XA CN201310713357A CN103647612A CN 103647612 A CN103647612 A CN 103647612A CN 201310713357 A CN201310713357 A CN 201310713357A CN 103647612 A CN103647612 A CN 103647612A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an attenuation measurement device for a waveguide system. The attenuation measurement device comprises a radio-frequency signal output end, an attenuation signal input end, a radio-frequency signal source, a local oscillator signal source, a frequency divider, a frequency mixer, a semi-automatic inductive voltage divider and a phase-locked amplifier, the radio-frequency signal source generates a radio-frequency signal and a time-based signal, the radio-frequency signal is coupled to a radio-frequency signal input end, the local oscillator signal source takes the time-based radio-frequency signal as a reference signal and outputs a local oscillator signal, the radio-frequency signal and the local oscillator signal share a time base, the frequency divider is used for dividing the frequency for the time-based signal, the frequency mixer is used for mixing the frequency of the local oscillator signal and the frequency of the inputted attenuation signal, the semi-automatic inductive voltage divider is used for dividing the voltage of a frequency mixing signal outputted by the frequency mixer, and the phase-locked amplifier takes a frequency dividing signal outputted by the frequency divider as a reference signal and detects an output signal of the semi-automatic inductive voltage divider. The attenuation measurement device can measure a 50GHz-110GHz waveguide attenuation standard device, and has small signal receiving capability and fine stability and repeatability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of attenuation measurement device, particularly a kind of 50GHz～110GHz attenuation measurement device for Wave guide system.
Background technology
Microwave wireless electric attenuation is an extremely important and universal parameter in radio field, all pays much attention to attenuation parameter establishment of standard both at home and abroad.The decay benchmark that for example country's metering institute sets up, frequency range 30MHz～40GHz.The highest measurement standard of national defence decay is based upon respectively in 1MHz～50GHz and two frequency ranges of 26.5GHz～40GHz at present, and wherein 26.5GHz～40GHz decay highest standard is 8mm Wave guide system.And for 50GHz～110GHz attenuation standard of Wave guide system, there is no this standard, and standard to cover frequency range also incomplete, and correlative study is not carried out in corresponding frequency conversion system and test coupling aspect yet.Development along with the science and techniques of defence, contradiction between the relatively lagging behind of a large amount of popularization and applications of millimeter-wave systems and millimeter wave Metrology Support development is more and more outstanding, at millimeter-wave guidance, in the engineering projects such as satellite-borne microwave radiometer calibration, there are a large amount of millimeter wave parameters that need calibration at present.Along with the development of weapon model to higher frequency, even 1.5mm frequency range of 3mm has been arrived in the application of weapon model, as the operating frequency of the microwave sounding equipment carrying on No. three meteorological satellites of wind and cloud, No. two, ocean satellite has approached 200GHz, the working frequency range of the microwave load in the military pre-research projects such as No. four meteorological satellites of wind and cloud that will carry out, accurate earth observation reaches 425GHz.And prior art only arrives 50GHz to the research of attenuation parameter, also not by a long sight from the metering demand of weapon model.Owing to cannot carrying out tracing to the source of value for 50GHz with the attenuation parameter of super band, and existing frequency cannot cover the applying frequency scope of existing microwave remote sensing equipment completely.In addition, some Other Instruments, such as the S21 parameter of network analyzer, when setting up 50GHz～110GHz standard, its problem of tracing to the source also cannot solve.If set up a set of waveguide 50GHz～110GHz attenuation standard device, existing attenuation standard before adding, above-mentioned difficulties can be resolved.Therefore be badly in need of setting up this frequency range attenuation standard, the active demand passing to meet current attenuation parameter amount.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of attenuation measurement device for Wave guide system, to solve the Measurement accuracy problem of 5mm, the decay of 3mm frequency range, has met the transmission of quantity value demand to this frequency range attenuation parameter.
For addressing the above problem, the invention provides a kind of attenuation measurement device for Wave guide system, comprise
For connecting radiofrequency signal output and the deamplification input of attenuator to be measured;
The radio-frequency signal source that produces radiofrequency signal, described radiofrequency signal is coupled to described radiofrequency signal output;
The local oscillation signal source being connected with the synchronic base of described radio-frequency signal source, for generation of the local oscillation signal with the synchronic base of described radiofrequency signal;
Be used for the frequency mixer of the deamplification mixing of described local oscillation signal and input;
The known attenuating device being connected in series with described output and input;
Be used for the frequency divider of the time-base signal frequency division from radio-frequency signal source and local oscillation signal source, the signal of its output has identical frequency jitter with the output signal of frequency mixer;
The fractional frequency signal that the described frequency divider of usining is exported, as with reference to signal, carries out the lock-in amplifier of amplitude detection to the deamplification from described known adjustable damping device.
Preferably, this measurement mechanism also comprise be connected to the first millimeter wave frequency multiplier between described local oscillation signal source and described frequency mixer and be coupling in described radio-frequency signal source and described radiofrequency signal output between the first millimeter wave frequency multiplier.
Preferably, this measurement mechanism also comprises that being coupling in first between described the first millimeter wave times frequency module and described radiofrequency signal output isolates attenuator and be coupling in the isolation of second between described deamplification input and described frequency mixer attenuator.
Preferably, this measurement mechanism also comprises the amplification filtering module being connected between frequency mixer and known attenuating device.
Preferably, described known attenuating device is semi-automatic inductive voltage divider.
Preferably, the operating frequency of described semi-automatic inductive voltage divider is 2.44kHz, and the frequency measurement scope of this attenuation measurement device is 50GHz～110GHz.
Preferably, the mixing mode of described frequency mixer is fundamental wave mixing.
Preferably, described lock-in amplifier comprises phase-sensitive detector and and low pass filter.
Preferably, described lock-in amplifier adopt quadrature detection mode with the reference signal from frequency divider to the signal from described known attenuating device with carry out quadrature detection.
Preferably, described radio-frequency signal source and described local oscillation signal source are respectively scan synthesis signal source.
Attenuation measurement device of the present invention is domestic first cover 50GHz～110GHz waveguide attenuation standard set-up, its measuring frequency has reached 110GHz, based on technology such as fundamental wave mixing, Broadband Matching, system optimizations, make the measuring frequency of attenuation measurement device reach 110GHz, there is small-signal receiving ability simultaneously, there is good stability and repeatability, met the domestic transmission of quantity value demand to this frequency range attenuation parameter.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is shown a kind of schematic diagram of the attenuation measurement device for Wave guide system.
The output terminals A 1 of radiofrequency signal; The input A2 of deamplification;
1, local oscillation signal source, 2, first times of frequency module, 3, radio-frequency signal source, the 4, second frequency multiplier, 5, the first isolation attenuator, 6, tested attenuator, the 7, second isolation attenuator, 8, frequency mixer, 9, frequency divider, 10, amplification filtering module, 11, semi-automatic inductive voltage divider, 12 lock-in amplifiers.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is described further below.The attenuation measurement device that the frequency measurement scope of take is below 50GHz～110GHz is example, illustrates according to structure and the operation principle of the attenuation measurement device of Wave guide system of the present invention.
Fig. 1 illustrates a kind of attenuation measurement device for Wave guide system, and this attenuation measurement device comprises the output terminals A 1 of radiofrequency signal, the input A2 of deamplification, local oscillation signal source, the first millimeter wave times frequency module, radio-frequency signal source, the second millimeter wave times frequency module, the first isolation attenuator, tested attenuator, the second isolation attenuator, frequency mixer, frequency divider, amplification filtering module, known attenuating device for example semi-automatic inductive voltage divider and lock-in amplifier.The instant base signal output part of the first output of radio-frequency signal source 3 is connected with the reference input in local oscillation signal source 1, so that the synchronic base of radiofrequency signal of the local oscillation signal of local oscillation signal source output and radio-frequency signal source output.The output in local oscillation signal source 1 is connected with the first input end of frequency mixer by the first frequency multiplier.The time-base signal of radio-frequency signal source 3 outputs inputs to frequency divider 9, and the output of frequency divider 9 is connected with the first input end of lock-in amplifier 12, for lock-in amplifier provides reference signal.Between the radiofrequency signal output of radio-frequency signal source 3 and radiofrequency signal output terminals A 1, be connected with successively the second frequency multiplier 4 and the first isolation attenuator 5.Deamplification input A2 is connected with the second input of frequency mixer 8 by the second isolation attenuator 7, between the output of frequency mixer 8 and the second input of lock-in amplifier 12, is connected with amplification filtering module 10 and semi-automatic inductive voltage divider 11 in turn.
The radiofrequency signal that radio-frequency signal source produces is coupled to radio-frequency (RF) signal input end A2 and is used to attenuator to be measured that radiofrequency signal is provided.Preferably, measurement mechanism comprise be coupling in the first frequency multiplier 2 between local oscillation signal source 1 and frequency mixer 8 and be coupling in radio-frequency signal source 3 and described radiofrequency signal output terminals A 1 between second times of frequency module 4, the frequency frequency multiplication to local oscillation signal and radiofrequency signal respectively.Preferably, measurement mechanism further comprise be coupling in first between second times of frequency module 4 and radiofrequency signal output terminals A 1 isolation attenuator 5 and be coupling in deamplification input A2 with frequency mixer 8 between second isolate attenuator 7.Isolation attenuator is on the one hand for isolating the various noises of deamplification, on the other hand for improving the mismatch ratio of signal, to improve the quality of signal and the accuracy of test.Preferably, the operating frequency of the semi-automatic induction frequency divider in measurement mechanism is 2.44kHz, so that measurement mechanism accurately measures the attenuation that operating frequency is attenuator within the scope of 50GHz～110GHz.Preferably, measurement mechanism comprises the amplification filtering module 10 being connected between frequency mixer and semi-automatic inductive voltage divider, preferably adopts AD743 type operational amplifier in amplification filtering module 10.
Attenuation measurement device according to the present invention has adopted the attenuation of the tested attenuator of measurement of series connection Low Medium Frequency method of substitution.Radio-frequency signal source 3 and local oscillation signal source 1 adopt synthesized source to realize the synchronic base of radiofrequency signal and local oscillation signal.Synthesized source has very high frequency stability and accuracy and up to the frequency resolution of 0.001Hz, this has just guaranteed frequency stability and the accuracy of the 2.44kHz intermediate-freuqncy signal after mixing.The isolation attenuator with better standing-wave ratio characteristic (general standing-wave ratio be less than 1.1) is used as the first and second isolation attenuators, can resolution system measuring process in the problem of mismatch
adopt the mixing of fundamental wave mixing mode, make measuring system there is larger dynamic range and good signal to noise ratio.Measuring system is transformed to 2.44kHz intermediate-freuqncy signal by frequency translation mode linearly by radiofrequency signal and microwave signal, in system, as the inductive voltage divider of Main Regulator, adopt series systems to be connected with tested attenuator 6, twice balance of the lock-in amplifier by system is that twice zeroing completed alternative process.The major advantage of the method is to have avoided using high target wide band radio-frequency and the microwave standard attenuator that is difficult to realization.Adopt the semi-automatic inductive voltage divider 11 of precision that operating frequency is 2.44kHz as benchmark, thereby utilize the change amount of inductive voltage divider under voltage ratio accurately to substitute radio frequency to be checked and the attenuation of microwave attenuator reaches the object of measuring accurately and effectively attenuation.Because the attenuation measurement device phase specific energy that has adopted said structure that this attenuation measurement device and other principle are formed reaches higher accuracy of measurement.
The operating frequency range that this attenuation measurement is put is 50GHz～110GHz, has adopted the working method of fundamental wave mixing.Radio-frequency signal source 3 and local oscillation signal source 1 all adopt scan synthesis signal source, and two signal sources adopt the mode of synchronic base to connect.By the requirement of tested attenuator 6, signal source in this attenuation measurement device and the operating frequency (CW) of times frequency module are set, radiofrequency signal is exported to tested attenuator 6 after inner fixed ampllitude, then the deamplification of tested attenuator 6 outputs is delivered to frequency mixer 8.2.44kHz intermediate-freuqncy signal after radiofrequency signal and local oscillation signal difference frequency is delivered to amplification filtering module through the medium frequency output end of frequency mixer 8, and frequency mixer 8 will keep linearly the amplitude characteristic of radiofrequency signal constant in frequency conversion process.Utilization substitutes the attenuation of tested attenuator 6 as change amount corresponding to the voltage ratio of the inductive voltage divider of intermediate frequency standard attenuator.Because tested attenuator 6 and semi-automatic inductive voltage divider 11 are to be connected in system, so the working method of this system is also referred to as series connection substitution metering system.
The effect of amplification filtering module 10 in system is the intermediate-freuqncy signal after mixing to be carried out to low noise amplify in advance and filtering, and when measuring maximum dynamically 80dB attenuation, the minimum signal level of amplification filtering module 10 inputs will reach μ V level.This signal level is very weak, and the amplification filtering module 10 of the first order as the part of receiving intermediate frequency signal is below proposed to higher technical requirement, have higher sensitivity and extremely low noise factor.For the cascade of N level amplifier, preferably, N is the natural number that is selected from 1-10, and whole noise factor can be determined by following formula:
In formula: F
ithe noise factor of-i level amplifier, i is selected from 1-N;
G
aithe gain of-i level amplifier.
The noise factor that can find out whole system by the above-mentioned formula mainly amplifier in the amplification filtering module 10 of first order receiving intermediate frequency signal part determines, so the noise factor of the selected amplifier of this module is most critical.Amplifier of the present invention adopts the bipolar field effect transistor operational amplifier of AD743 ultra-low noise of ANALOG DEVICES company, its noise factor can reach 2.9nV/ √ Hz at 10kHz, and there is good AC characteristic as the total harmonic distortion of the gain bandwidth product of 4.5MHz and 0.0003% (in 1kHz frequency), when 1kHz left and right, the nearly 95dB of common-mode rejection ratio, Power Supply Rejection Ratio has 75dB.The Low Medium Frequency signal of low noise amplifier after to mixing amplifies, and improves signal to noise ratio, to improve, measures dynamic range and accuracy of measurement.
The lock-in amplifier 12 application Orthogonal correlation detection methods of measurement mechanism, can suppress noise effect to greatest extent, improve system resolution, thereby improve the sensitivity of detection signal.From the operation principle of lock-in amplifier 12, can find out, make it adopt Orthogonal correlation to detect the method receiving, realize the detectability to small-signal, be necessary for lock-in amplifier 12 reference signal is provided.The measured signal of this reference signal and frequency mixer output has identical frequency jitter, and this relevant detection to small-signal is extremely important.Because the frequency information that lock-in amplifier 12 provides according to reference signal, can detect and the same small-signal frequently of Measurement accuracy, so in measurement mechanism of the present invention by the frequency in local oscillation signal source for input that for example time-base signal of 10MHz exports frequency divider 9 to is this time-base signal frequency is carried out to frequency division, the reference signal using the signal of frequency divider output as lock-in amplifier 12 is used.
The process that this measurement mechanism is measured tested attenuator 6 comprises the steps.According to the parameter request of tested attenuator 6, the signal frequency of radio-frequency signal source 3 and local oscillation signal source 1 output and the output of first times of frequency module 2 and second times of frequency module 4 are set to required frequency.For example be set to+10dBm of the level of the output in local oscillation signal source 1, the level of radio-frequency signal source 3 is set to for example 0dBm.Tested attenuator 6 is placed in to initial decay amount A
0for example the position of zero graduation, is placed in predeterminated position D by inductive voltage divider voltage ratio
0.Now according to the attenuation of tested attenuator, regulate the signal level of lock-in amplifier 12 gains and radio-frequency signal source 3 to make lock-in amplifier 12 obtain balance indication, for example equilibrium level is designated as a certain magnitude of voltage, i.e. magnitude of voltage when system reaches stable state.Then tested attenuator 6 is placed in to attenuation A to be measured
1position, now in series system due to the variation of attenuation, make test macro disequilibrium.By regulate inductive voltage divider voltage ratio make test macro again balance be the described a certain magnitude of voltage before equilibrium level indication is still got back to, and read now voltage ratio D
1.The attenuation incrementation A of tested attenuator 6
xfor:
For as the attenuator to be measured 6 of stepping type or changeable type, after change decay scale, repeat the decrement measurement value that above-mentioned measuring process just can obtain variant decay gear.The data of the inductive voltage divider in above-described semi-automatic sensor transformer 11 read with data processing and all adopt the mode of software and hardware combining to carry out, without carrying out artificial reading and calculating again.
The present invention adopts Low Medium Frequency series connection substitution, obtain a kind of 50GHz～110GHz waveguide attenuation measurement mechanism, based on technology such as fundamental wave mixing, Broadband Matching, system optimizations, make the measuring frequency of waveguide attenuation measurement mechanism reach 110GHz, make dynamic range, the uncertainty of measurement index of attenuation factor meet the transmission of quantity value demand to this frequency range attenuation parameter.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation is made for the present invention explanation to be described in further detail, and can not assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these explanations.For the those of ordinary skill of technical field of the present invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. for an attenuation measurement device for Wave guide system, it is characterized in that: comprise
For connecting radiofrequency signal output and the deamplification input of attenuator to be measured;
The radio-frequency signal source that produces radiofrequency signal, described radiofrequency signal is coupled to described radiofrequency signal output;
The local oscillation signal source being connected with the synchronic base of described radio-frequency signal source, for generation of the local oscillation signal with the synchronic base of described radiofrequency signal;
Be used for the frequency mixer of the deamplification mixing of described local oscillation signal and input;
The known attenuating device being connected in series with described output and input;
Be used for the frequency divider of the time-base signal frequency division from radio-frequency signal source and local oscillation signal source, the signal of its output has identical frequency jitter with the output signal of frequency mixer;
The fractional frequency signal that the described frequency divider of usining is exported, as with reference to signal, carries out the lock-in amplifier of amplitude detection to the deamplification from described known adjustable damping device.
2. the attenuation measurement device for Wave guide system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this measurement mechanism also comprise be connected to the first millimeter wave frequency multiplier between described local oscillation signal source and described frequency mixer and be coupling in described radio-frequency signal source and described radiofrequency signal output between the first millimeter wave frequency multiplier.
3. the attenuation measurement device for Wave guide system according to claim 2, is characterized in that: this measurement mechanism also comprises being coupling in the isolation attenuator of first between described the first millimeter wave times frequency module and described radiofrequency signal output and being coupling in second between described deamplification input and described frequency mixer isolates attenuator.
4. the attenuation measurement device for Wave guide system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this measurement mechanism also comprises the amplification filtering module being connected between frequency mixer and known attenuating device.
5. the attenuation measurement device for Wave guide system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described known attenuating device is semi-automatic inductive voltage divider.
6. the attenuation measurement device for Wave guide system according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the operating frequency of described semi-automatic inductive voltage divider is 2.44kHz, and the frequency measurement scope of this attenuation measurement device is 50GHz～110GHz.
7. the attenuation measurement device for Wave guide system according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the mixing mode of described frequency mixer is fundamental wave mixing.
8. the attenuation measurement device for Wave guide system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described lock-in amplifier comprises phase-sensitive detector and and low pass filter.
9. the attenuation measurement device for Wave guide system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described lock-in amplifier adopt quadrature detection mode with the reference signal from frequency divider to the signal from described known attenuating device with carry out quadrature detection.
10. the attenuation measurement device for Wave guide system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described radio-frequency signal source and described local oscillation signal source are respectively scan synthesis signal source.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN104734792A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-06-24 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Hybrid two-channel millimeter wave attenuation measuring method and system |
| CN105092985A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-11-25 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Phase-locked amplifier based attenuation parameter measurement device |
| CN106771752A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 镇江奥菲特光电科技有限公司 | A kind of Auto-Test System suitable for return loss Hermaphrodite optical stationary attenuator high |
| CN106841824A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-06-13 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | A kind of signal source comprehensive parameters field measurement apparatus |
| CN109379317A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-02-22 | 成都天贸科技有限公司 | Beacon ball is spread under a kind of S frequency range |
| CN109617633A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-12 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | A kind of Attenuation measuring system and method |
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| CN104734792A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-06-24 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Hybrid two-channel millimeter wave attenuation measuring method and system |
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| CN109379317A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-02-22 | 成都天贸科技有限公司 | Beacon ball is spread under a kind of S frequency range |
| CN109617633A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-12 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | A kind of Attenuation measuring system and method |
| CN109617633B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2021-05-07 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Millimeter wave attenuation measurement system and method |
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