CN103645508A - Method for detecting directions and azimuth angles of formation fractures - Google Patents
Method for detecting directions and azimuth angles of formation fractures Download PDFInfo
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- CN103645508A CN103645508A CN201310553945.1A CN201310553945A CN103645508A CN 103645508 A CN103645508 A CN 103645508A CN 201310553945 A CN201310553945 A CN 201310553945A CN 103645508 A CN103645508 A CN 103645508A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting the directions and the azimuth angles of formation fractures. The method is that a phenomenon of shear-wave splitting occurs when shear waves spread in fracture development formation, the shear-wave splitting phenomenon results in that shear-wave preliminary wave energy received by a three-component geophone changes according to the observation azimuth angles, and the directions and the azimuth angles of the formation fractures can be quantitatively detected through analyzing how the shear-wave preliminary wave energy changes according to the observation azimuth angles on the horizontal component, thereby providing reference data for reducing risks in exploration and development and improving the extraction efficiency of oil and gas reservoir.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic exploration technique field, a kind of by the energy variation rule of the seismic wave field of two horizontal component records of down-hole three-component seismometer in three-dimensional three-component VSP is analyzed, thus analytical approach and the flow process of the orientation angles of fracture strike in stratum being carried out to quantitatively detection.The present invention is mainly used in field of seismic exploration, is the orientation angles information that slit formation reservoir exploration and exploitation provide formation fracture to move towards, and is the risk that reduces exploratory development, and improving hydrocarbon-bearing pool production efficiency provides reference data.
Background technology
In three-dimensional three-component VSP seismic exploration data, when shear wave vibrator excites on well side, the shear wave that focus produces is propagated in stratum, earth penetrating arrives the three-component seismometer position in well, and causing particle vibration at this point, the three-component seismometer that the vibration of this point is placed in well is recorded.If fracture development in stratum, can there is shear wave splitting phenomenon in the shear wave that vibroseis excites when earth penetrating is propagated, and shear wave can be split into the slow shear wave that moves towards polarization along fast transverse wave and the vertically oriented fracture of fracture strike polarization.The shear wave primary wave energy variation rule of the horizontal component of down-hole three-component seismometer in the three-dimensional three-component VSP geological data excite by analyzing vibroseis, three-component seismometer receiving in well, can quantitatively detect the orientation angles of fracture strike in stratum.
Prior art means are to be appeared and observed or the rock core sample extracting in drilling well is observed or well-log information analysis is obtained the relevant information of Reservoir Fracture in laboratory by the geology on stratum.Due to the limitation of said method data collection, be merely able to obtain the local message of formation fracture.
The azimuthal anisotropy attribute that prior art means also can be propagated by wide-azimuth longitudinal wave earthquake exploration acquisition longitudinal wave earthquake detects the angle of strike degree information of formation fracture, but because primary seismic wave is responsive not to the developmental state of formation fracture, the sxemiquantitative that therefore by longitudinal wave earthquake azimuthal anisotropy attributive analysis, the development characteristics of Reservoir Fracture is merely able to accomplish qualitatively or error is larger is described.
In a word, existing technological means, owing to being subject to the restriction of technical method itself, can not meet the need of production in oil field to the detectability of the orientation angles of formation fracture trend.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of analytical approach of orientation angles of quantitative detection formation fracture trend by the energy variation rule of the shear wave first arrival of down-hole three-component seismometer horizontal component in analyzing three-dimensional three-component VSP seismic prospecting.
In stratum, grow while having crack, when shear wave is propagated in stratum, shear wave splitting phenomenon will occur, the energy of shear wave primary wave that shear wave splitting causes down-hole three-component seismometer horizontal component to receive is relevant with the angle of strike degree in crack.By analyzing the Changing Pattern of shear wave primary wave energy in the seismic wave field that the horizontal component of down-hole three-component seismometer records, can quantitatively detect the orientation angles of fracture strike in stratum.
When shear wave, there is the principle schematic of shear wave splitting when being the vertically oriented fracture medium being arranged in parallel in Fig. 1.When the incident shear wave S being excited by shear wave vibrator passes the stratum of fracture development, there is shear wave splitting, incident shear wave S is decomposed into fast transverse wave S
1with slow shear wave S
2, fast transverse wave S wherein
1polarization direction be parallel to fracture strike, slow shear wave S
2polarization direction perpendicular to fracture strike.
For the ease of analyzing shear wave splitting phenomenon, the seismic wave field that we are designated as R (t), tangential component record by the seismic wave field of the radial direction record of three-component seismometer is designated as T (t), and two horizontal components of three-component seismometer have been recorded fast transverse wave S simultaneously
1and slow shear wave S (t)
2(t) particle vibration causing in observation station, two horizontal component R (t) of three-component seismometer and T (t) can be write as following form:
In above formula, N
rand N (t)
t(t) represent respectively the radial component of three-component seismometer and the neighbourhood noise of cross stream component record; θ is the angle of the orientation angles α that points to of the radial component of fracture strike orientation angles β and three-component seismometer in stratum, sees shown in Fig. 2.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A method that detects formation fracture angle of strike degree, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) according to the site contour at well place of wish observation, according to following requirement, design three-dimensional three-component VSP observation program: the observed bearing angle value α ∈ { α of ordering from well head position O point sensing vibroseis position S
j, j=1,2 ..., M, α
j∈ [0,360), the M of a α value is divided into M equal portions by even circumferential, according to the requirement to accuracy of observation, M value from set 6,8,10,12,16,18, choose a suitable numerical value 36}; The position G that down-hole three-component seismometer is placed and the distance of pithead position O are z
0rice, z
0value guarantee the normal work of down-hole three-component seismometer and approach the stratum that will observe as far as possible; Distance between vibroseis position S and pithead position O is x
0rice, x
0value meet when exciting vibroseis, in well, three-component seismometer can receive the useful signal compared with high s/n ratio; Set discrete sampling interval dt and the discrete sampling points N of down-hole three-component seismometer, the value assurance of dt and N is recorded to the particle vibration at the G place, position of complete vibroseis initiation;
(2) for α ∈ { α
j, j=1,2 ..., Meach value α
j, it is x that vibroseis is placed on well head O distance
0rice orientation angles is α
jplace; It is z that down-hole three-component seismometer is positioned over the distance of pithead position O
0the down-hole of rice, and orientation angles and α that the R component of down-hole three-component seismometer is pointed to
jbe consistent; Excite vibroseis to produce along α
jthe shear wave of orientation angles polarization, and with down-hole three-component seismometer, record the particle vibration at the G place, three-component seismometer position, down-hole that vibroseis causes simultaneously, when α value is α=α
jtime down-hole three-component seismometer two horizontal component R, T particle vibration of being recorded to be designated as R
j(t
k), T
j(t
k), k=1,2 ..., N;
(3) data recording { R to all observed bearings that obtain in step (2)
j(t
k), T
j(t
k), j=1,2 ..., M, k=1,2 ..., N, { P time of arrival of direct wave first arrival is calculated in programming
j, j=1,2 ..., M,
The specific algorithm of programming is:
For α=α
jthe data recording R of two horizontal components of the down-hole three-component seismometer that obtains of each value
j(t
k), T
j(t
k), k=1,2 ..., N, { r is calculated in scanning
k=F
k/ E
k, k=L+1, L+2 ..., the value of the corresponding k of maximal value in N-L}, obtains P
j=kdt; At formula { r
k=F
k/ E
k, k=L+1, L+2 ..., in N-L},
T0 perdurability of the seismic wavelet that the value of L is excited by vibroseis determines, L=t0/dt, L < N;
(4) according to { P
jbe worth, ask for the energy of the shear wave direct wave on the R component gathering the 1st to M/2 observed bearing angle
The value of L is the same;
(5) relatively
in the size of each value, export the wherein corresponding orientation angles α of maximal value
j, observe the orientation angles of the fracture strike in stratum be detected quantitatively: β=α
j;
(6) flow process finishes.
Technique effect of the present invention is: shear wave splitting phenomenon occurs while utilizing shear wave to propagate in fracture development stratum in the present invention, cause the shear wave primary wave energy that down-hole three-component seismometer receives to change along with the variation of observed bearing angle, Changing Pattern by the shear wave primary wave energy on analysis level component along with observed bearing angle, can quantitatively detect the angle of strike degree of formation fracture.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that shear wave passes the schematic diagram that shear wave splitting occurs while being the vertically oriented fracture medium being arranged in parallel.
Fig. 2 is orientation angles α, the fracture strike β of three-component seismometer radial component sensing and the graph of a relation of θ.
Fig. 3 is three-dimensional three-component VSP seismological observation method schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is α value (M=16) and points to position relation schematic diagram with well seismometer horizontal component.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are respectively horizontal component R and the T figure of theoretical synthetic three-dimensional three-component VSP observation data.The fracture azimuth of modelling is NE60 °, formation velocity 100m/s, x=500m, z=500m.The value of observed bearing angle α is: NE10 °, and NE20 ° ..., NE360 °.The direction of down-hole three-component seismometer adopts right-handed coordinate system, and radial component and observed bearing angle α are consistent, and tangential component is perpendicular to observed bearing angle α, is positioned at the turn clockwise orientation of 90 ° of radial component.What generated data seismic wavelet adopted is the zero phase Ricker wavelet of 40Hz.
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 carry out to the theogram horizontal component in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 the result figure that shear wave first break time is picked up.
Fig. 9 be in Fig. 7 before shear wave first arrival energy size line chart on the R component recording of half observed bearing, the fracture strike orientation angles that the observed bearing that in figure, energy maximum point is corresponding is stratum.
Embodiment
A method that detects formation fracture angle of strike degree, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) according to the site contour at well place of wish observation, according to following requirement, design three-dimensional three-component VSP observation program: shown in figure 2, from well head position O point, point to the observed bearing angle value α ∈ { α that vibroseis (shot point) position S is ordered
j, j=1,2 ..., M, α
j∈ [0,360), the M of a α value is divided into M equal portions by even circumferential, according to the requirement to accuracy of observation, M value can from set 6,8,10,12,16,18, choose a suitable numerical value 36}; The position G that down-hole three-component seismometer is placed and the distance of pithead position O are z
0rice, z
0value should be able to guarantee the normal work of down-hole three-component seismometer and approach the stratum that will observe as far as possible; Distance between vibroseis position S and pithead position O is x
0rice, x
0value should meet when exciting vibroseis, in well, three-component seismometer can receive the useful signal compared with high s/n ratio; Set discrete sampling interval dt and the discrete sampling points N of down-hole three-component seismometer, the value of dt and N should be able to guarantee to be recorded to the particle vibration at the G point place of complete vibroseis initiation.
(2) for α ∈ { α
j, j=1,2 ..., Meach value α
j, it is x that vibroseis is placed on well head O distance
0rice orientation angles is α
jplace; It is z that down-hole three-component seismometer is positioned over the distance of pithead position O
0the down-hole of rice, and orientation angles and α that the R component of down-hole three-component seismometer is pointed to
j(shown in figure 3) is consistent; Excite vibroseis to produce along α
jthe shear wave of orientation angles polarization, and with down-hole three-component seismometer, record the particle vibration at the G place, three-component seismometer position, down-hole that vibroseis causes simultaneously.When α value is α=α
jtime down-hole three-component seismometer two horizontal component R, T particle vibration of being recorded to be designated as R
j(t
k), T
j(t
k), k=1,2 ..., N.
(3) data recording { R to all observed bearings that obtain in (2)
j(t
k), T
j(t
k), j=1,2 ..., M, k=1,2 ..., N, { P time of arrival of direct wave first arrival is calculated in programming
j, j=1,2 ..., M.
The specific algorithm of programming is:
For α=α
jthe data recording R of two horizontal components of the down-hole three-component seismometer that obtains of each value
j(t
k), T
j(t
k), k=1,2 ..., N, { r is calculated in scanning
k=F
k/ E
k, k=L+1, L+2 ..., the value of the corresponding k of maximal value in N-L}, obtains P
j=kdt; At formula { r
k=F
k/ E
k, k=L+1, L+2 ..., in N-L},
T0 perdurability of the seismic wavelet that the value of L is excited by vibroseis determines, L=t0/dt, L < N;
(4) according to { P
jbe worth, ask for the energy of the shear wave direct wave on the R component gathering the 1st to M/2 observed bearing angle
The value of L is the same;
(5) relatively
in the size of each value, export the wherein corresponding orientation angles α of maximal value
j, observe the orientation angles of the fracture strike in stratum detect quantitatively: β=α
j;
(6) flow process finishes.
Claims (1)
1. a method that detects formation fracture angle of strike degree, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) according to the site contour at well place of wish observation, according to following requirement, design three-dimensional three-component VSP observation program: the observed bearing angle value α ∈ { α of ordering from well head position O point sensing vibroseis position S
j, j=1,2 ..., M, α
j∈ [0,360), the M of a α value is divided into M equal portions by even circumferential, according to the requirement to accuracy of observation, M value from set 6,8,10,12,16,18, choose a suitable numerical value 36}; The position G that down-hole three-component seismometer is placed and the distance of pithead position O are z
0rice, z
0value guarantee the normal work of down-hole three-component seismometer and approach the stratum that will observe as far as possible; Distance between vibroseis position S and pithead position O is x
0rice, x
0value meet when exciting vibroseis, in well, three-component seismometer can receive the useful signal compared with high s/n ratio; Set discrete sampling interval dt and the discrete sampling points N of down-hole three-component seismometer, the value assurance of dt and N is recorded to the particle vibration at the G place, position of complete vibroseis initiation;
(2) for α ∈ { α
j, j=1,2 ..., Meach value α
j, it is x that vibroseis is placed on well head O distance
0rice orientation angles is α
jplace; It is z that down-hole three-component seismometer is positioned over the distance of pithead position O
0the down-hole of rice, and orientation angles and α that the R component in two horizontal components of down-hole three-component seismometer is pointed to
jbe consistent; Excite vibroseis to produce along α
jthe shear wave of orientation angles polarization, and with down-hole three-component seismometer, record the particle vibration at the G place, three-component seismometer position, down-hole that vibroseis causes simultaneously, when α value is α=α
jtime down-hole three-component seismometer two horizontal component R, T particle vibration of being recorded to be designated as R
j(t
k), T
j(t
k), k=1,2 ..., N;
(3) data recording { R to all observed bearings that obtain in step (2)
j(t
k), T
j(t
k), j=1,2 ..., M, k=1,2 ..., N, { P time of arrival of direct wave first arrival is calculated in programming
j, j=1,2 ..., M,
The specific algorithm of programming is:
For α=α
jthe data recording R of two horizontal components of the down-hole three-component seismometer that obtains of each value
j(t
k), T
j(t
k), k=1,2 ..., N, { r is calculated in scanning
k=F
k/ E
k, k=L+1, L+2 ..., the value of the corresponding k of maximal value in N-L}, obtains P
j=kdt; At formula { r
k=F
k/ E
k, k=L+1, L+2 ..., in N-L},
T0 perdurability of the seismic wavelet that the value of L is excited by vibroseis determines, L=t0/dt, L < N;
(4) according to { P
jbe worth, ask for the energy of the shear wave direct wave on the T component gathering the 1st to M/2 observed bearing angle
The value of L is the same;
(5) relatively
in the size of each value, export the wherein corresponding orientation angles α of maximal value
j, observe the orientation angles of the fracture strike in stratum be detected quantitatively: β=α
j;
(6) flow process finishes.
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| CN201310553945.1A CN103645508B (en) | 2013-11-08 | 2013-11-08 | A kind of method detecting formation fracture angle of strike degree |
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| CN103645508A true CN103645508A (en) | 2014-03-19 |
| CN103645508B CN103645508B (en) | 2015-09-02 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110174696A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-27 | 长安大学 | A kind of seismic wave acquisition method of medium symmetry axis and the exchange of observation coordinate axis |
| CN112444842A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-03-05 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method, device and system for determining transverse wave excitation angle of transverse wave vibroseis |
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| CN102053266A (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2011-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for forecasting underground crack |
| CN102096097A (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-15 | 武侯区巅峰机电科技研发中心 | Method for testing fracture azimuth of fast and slow transverse wave splitting |
| CN102879800A (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2013-01-16 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for detecting shear-wave splitting fracture |
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2013
- 2013-11-08 CN CN201310553945.1A patent/CN103645508B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102053266A (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2011-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for forecasting underground crack |
| CN102096097A (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-15 | 武侯区巅峰机电科技研发中心 | Method for testing fracture azimuth of fast and slow transverse wave splitting |
| CN102879800A (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2013-01-16 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for detecting shear-wave splitting fracture |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 张学映: "多层裂缝介质转换波分裂技术及其应用", 《新疆石油地质》, vol. 30, no. 3, 30 June 2009 (2009-06-30) * |
| 徐天吉: "横波分裂裂缝检测方法在川西深层气藏中的应用", 《地球物理学进展》, vol. 26, no. 4, 31 August 2011 (2011-08-31) * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110174696A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-27 | 长安大学 | A kind of seismic wave acquisition method of medium symmetry axis and the exchange of observation coordinate axis |
| CN110174696B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2021-04-30 | 长安大学 | Seismic wave acquisition method with interchange of medium symmetry axis and observation coordinate axis |
| CN112444842A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-03-05 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method, device and system for determining transverse wave excitation angle of transverse wave vibroseis |
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