CN103643134A - Boride-particle-reinforced Fe-B-C alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a boride-particle-reinforced Fe-B-C alloy and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of wear-resistant materials. Fe-B-C alloy melt is smelted by utilization of an electric furnace and comprises following elements by weight: 0.28-0.50% of C, 0.8-1.8% of B, 0.3-0.5% of Al, 0.5-1.0% of Si, 0.6-1.0% of Mn, 1.2-1.5% of Cr, S less than 0.04% and P less than 0.05%, with the balance being Fe. Alloy wires having a diameter [Phi] of 3.5-4.5 mm are added into the alloy melt and the alloy melt is subjected to external microalloying processing accompanied with thermal treatment, thus achieving particle distribution of boride and enhancing performances of the Fe-B-C alloy.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of Fe-B-C Alloy And Preparation Method, particularly a kind of boride particle strengthening Fe-B-C Alloy And Preparation Method, belongs to high-abrasive material technical field.
Background technology
In medium carbon steel, the Fe-B-C alloy obtaining by adding boron, has the features such as hardness height and wear resistance are good.Yet the Fe-B-C alloy of preparing under ordinary casting condition contains a large amount of eutectic structures, and boride is continuous net-shaped distribution, and fragility is large, and safety in utilization is poor.In order to improve Fe-B-C alloy property, Chinese invention patent CN101260501 discloses High-boron low-carbon abrasion resistant cast steel and heat treatment method thereof, the chemical composition of this invention cast steel and content thereof (wt%) are: C0.15～0.30, B1.5～2.5, Si2.6～3.0, Cr1.4～1.8, Mn0.5～0.8, Ce0.05～0.12, V0.03～0.15, Ti0.03～0.15, P < 0.05, S < 0.05, surplus is Fe, 0.10 < V+Ti < 0.25.This invention is by foundry goods in 880～920 ℃, and after insulation 1～3h, isothermal quenching in the isothermal salt bath furnace of 250～300 ℃, is incubated 2～4h, and air cooling, to room temperature, obtains high-boron low-carbon abrasion resistant cast steel subsequently.Compared with prior art, the cast steel of this invention and technique have plasticity and good toughness, the high and low cost and other advantages of wear resistance.Chinese invention patent CN102517504A also discloses a kind ofly take low price boron as main alloy element, can manufacture the high boron wear-resisting casting steel of ball grinding machine lining board, and described in it, the chemical composition of cast steel and mass percent thereof are: C:< 0.4; Si:0.40-0.8; Mn:0.5-1.2; Cr:0.5-1.2; B:1.2-3.0; Re:< 0.2; V:< 0.1; Ti:< 0.1, and described cast steel first carries out the quenching technology of 950-980 ℃ * 2h+ water-cooled, then in 200-250 ℃ * 4h+ air cooling temper, its hardness is greater than 58HRC, and impelling strength is greater than 12J/cm2, and through hardening layer depth is greater than 40mm.Chinese invention patent CN101016603 also discloses a kind of high-boron cast steel and preparation method containing granular boride, and its chemical composition and weight percent are: C:0.15%～0.45%; B:0.75%～2.70%; Ti:0.34%～1.50%; Cr:0.80%～1.20%; Si:0.50%～1.50%; Mn:0.50%～1.50%; Ce:0.04%～0.12%; Al:0.08%～0.20%; Ca:0.03%～0.10%; N:0.01%～0.06; P < 0.05%, S < 0.05%, surplus is Fe; Wherein, B/C=5.0～6.0, B/Ti=1.8～2.2.Preparation adopts electrosmelting, first by ordinary scrap steel, the pig iron and the fusing of ferrochrome Hybrid Heating, then add ferrosilicon and ferromanganese, before coming out of the stove, add ferro-boron and ferrotianium, the qualified rear intensification of stokehold adjusting component, add the pre-deoxidation of silicon-calcium alloy, then use aluminium final deoxygenation and microalloying, with cerium and nitrogen, carry out the outer composite inoculating of stove and process.Oil quenchinng after insulation, low-temperaturetempering.Chinese invention patent CN1804091 also discloses a kind of toughening method of casting high-boron wear-resistant alloy, it makes alterant with 2.5～3.3wt%FeTi30 alloy, rotten treatment process is to complete and insert after aluminium final deoxygenation in molten steel melting, add ferro-titanium FeTi30, after change is skimmed clearly, pour into a mould; Malleableize thermal treatment temp is 1020～1050 ℃ of insulations 2～3 hours, then quench tempering or normalizing.The eutectic boride of the sand mold casting high-boron wear-resistant alloy after patent is isolated shape and is distributed in matrix.The absorption merit Ak of 10mm * 10mm * 55mm standard impact specimen is up to 12.5J, and impelling strength obviously strengthens.Chinese invention patent CN1624180 also discloses high boron foundry iron base anti-wear alloy and heat treating method thereof, and its chemical composition is (% by weight): 0.15～0.70C, 0.3～1.9B, 0.3～0.8Cr, 0.4～0.8Si, 0.6～1.3Mn, 0.05～0.20Ce, 0.02～0.10La, 0.005～0.018Ca, 0.04～0.18K, 0.08～0.25Al, S < 0.04, P < 0.04, all the other are Fe; Its heat treating method is: perlite pre-treatment, quenching and tempering, 760～820 ℃ of perlite pre-treatment Heating temperatures, the cold or air cooling of stove after stove is chilled to and is less than 500 ℃; Quenching temperature is 960～1050 ℃, is not less than 5 ℃/min subsequently cooling fast with speed of cooling, and tempering Heating temperature is 180～400 ℃, subsequently cold the or air cooling of stove; The advantage of this invention is to have increased substantially Wear Resistance, significantly reduced that Chrome metal powder add-on, production cost significantly reduce, production technique is simple, equipment interoperability is strong, its over-all properties is better than conventional high mangaenese steel, rich chromium cast iron and low alloy steel, has the high ratio of performance to price.Chinese invention patent CN102284806A also discloses a kind of high boron iron-based wear-resistant flux-cored welding wire, welding wire is by soft steel foreskin and core powder constituent, it is characterized in that ferro element and core powder in soft steel foreskin, element in core powder comprises boron, carbon, manganese, element silicon, boron in core powder, carbon, manganese, the shared welding wire weight percent of element silicon are: boron 6～12%, carbon 0.1～3%, manganese 0.6～2%, silicon 0.3～1.5%, surplus is iron.Also can comprise Ti0.3～3.5%, Mn0.6～2%, Si0.3～1.5%, molybdenum 0～1%, K/Na alterant 0～1%, aluminum magnesium alloy 0～1.5%.This is invented high boron iron-based wear-resistant flux-cored welding wire and mainly relies on the alloying elements such as boron, titanium, carbon, the boride forming, a small amount of carbide are realized the abrasion resistance properties of hardfacing alloy, and by adding rare earth, nickel, aluminum magnesium alloy etc., improve the over-all properties of hardfacing alloy.Chinese invention patent CN103266284A also discloses the stainless formula of high boron wear-resisting and heat treating method, its chemical composition and weight percent formula are C:0.03-0.10, B:1.0-3.0, Cr:19-25, Ni:5.0-7.0, Ti:1.0-2.5, N:0.08-0.20, Y:0.04-0.15, Mg:0.03-0.1, Ca:0.02-0.08, Si < 2.0, Mn < 2.0, S < 0.04, P < 0.04, surplus is Fe.Heat treating method is solid solution, quenching, tempering.This invented technology is simple, and precious alloy add-on is few, low production cost.Matrix is mainly austenite, also contains 8%～15% high rigidity boron compound, has good solidity to corrosion, wear resistance.In tolerance for wire rod, for the production of sinking roller and axle sleeve, improve 80-100% than 1Cr18Ni9Ti parts of stainless steel its work-ing life.
But, in above-mentioned Fe-B-C alloy, there is the boride of a large amount of net distribution, cause the fragility of Fe-B-C alloy to increase, toughness drop, has limited the industrial application of wear-resisting Fe-B-C alloy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above that existing Fe-B-C alloy exists, by Fe-B-C alloy is carried out to microalloy treatment, realize the suspension of boride and isolate, thus the boride particle strengthening Fe-B-C alloy of acquisition excellent performance.
The object of invention can realize by following measures:
The preparation method of a kind of boride particle strengthening of the present invention Fe-B-C alloy, adopts electrosmelting, comprises the steps:
Elder generation's melting Fe-B-C alloy in electric furnace, chemical constitution and the massfraction thereof of Fe-B-C alloy molten solution are: 0.28～0.50%C, 0.8～1.8%B, 0.3～0.5%Al, 0.5～1.0%Si, 0.6～1.0%Mn, 1.2～1.5%Cr, S<0.04%, P<0.05%, surplus Fe.When the temperature of Fe-B-C alloy molten solution reaches 1600～1620 ℃, by the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution ladle of coming out of the stove, and adopt wire feeder that the B alloy wire of diameter phi 3.5～4.5mm is sent in the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution in ladle, B alloy wire add-on accounts for 3.5～4.5% of the interior Fe-B-C alloy molten solution massfraction of ladle, chemical constitution and the massfraction thereof of B alloy wire are: 3～5%Ce, 3～5%La, 2～3%Mg, 1.5～2.0%Zr, 2.2～2.8%Zn, 12～15%Al, 14～18%Si, 12～15%Ti, 1.5～2.0%Nb, S<0.04%, P<0.05%, surplus is Fe and other inevitable impurity, B alloy wire was sent in the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution in ladle after 2～3 minutes, Fe-B-C alloy molten solution in ladle is stirred and skimmed, when the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution temperature in ladle is down to 1450～1480 ℃, poured into casting mold, obtain Fe-B-C alloy-steel casting, foundry goods is after sand removal and grinding process, with stove, be heated to 980～1020 ℃, be incubated 3～5 hours, carry out oil quenchinng, Fe-B-C alloy-steel casting after oil quenchinng continues to be heated to 200～260 ℃ and carries out temper, be incubated after 8～12 hours air cooling to room temperature, can obtain boride particle strengthening Fe-B-C alloy product.
The performance of alloy material is by its organization decided, and tissue depends on composition and thermal treatment process thereof.Boride particle strengthening Fe-B-C alloy of the present invention adopts conventional cast method to be shaped, and simple process, is convenient to realize batch production.In order to obtain the Fe-B-C alloy of boride particle strengthening, need first melting Fe-B-C alloy in electric furnace, chemical constitution and the massfraction thereof of Fe-B-C alloy molten solution are: 0.28～0.50%C, 0.8～1.8%B, 0.3～0.5%Al, 0.5～1.0%Si, 0.6～1.0%Mn, 1.2～1.5%Cr, S<0.04%, P<0.05%, surplus Fe.Wherein adding 0.8～1.8%B, is in order to obtain the high rigidity Fe of some amount
2b boride, promotes the raising of Fe-B-C Wear Resistance.Adding 0.28～0.50%C is in order to ensure the martensitic matrix that obtains high rigidity after quenching.Adding on this basis 0.3～0.5%Al, is in order to promote Fe
2the suspension at high temperature of B boride and isolated distribution.On this basis, also add 0.5～1.0%Si, 0.6～1.0%Mn and 1.2～1.5%Cr, be mainly the solid solution strengthening effect that improves matrix, and chromium is also improved the anti-temper softening ability of matrix.For solving the large difficult problem of common Fe-B-C alloy fragility, the present invention has adopted in the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution in ladle, adopt wire feeder to carry out micro-alloying technology to it, B alloy wire diameter phi 3.5～4.5mm, B alloy wire add-on accounts for 3.5～4.5% of the interior Fe-B-C alloy molten solution massfraction of ladle.Chemical constitution and the massfraction thereof of B alloy wire are: 3～5%Ce, 3～5%La, 2～3%Mg, 1.5～2.0%Zr, 2.2～2.8%Zn, 12～15%Al, 14～18%Si, 12～15%Ti, 1.5～2.0%Nb, S<0.04%, P<0.05%, surplus is Fe and other inevitable impurity.Fe-B-C alloy is after above-mentioned B alloy wire microalloy treatment, and boride size is tiny, and suspension distribution trend is obvious, continue to be heated to 980～1020 ℃, be incubated 3～5 hours, carry out oil quenchinng, can impel the isolated distribution of boride, to improving Fe-B-C alloy property successful.On this basis, the Fe-B-C alloy-steel casting after oil quenchinng continues to be heated to 200～260 ℃ and carries out temper, is incubated air cooling after 8～12 hours and, to room temperature, can eliminates quenching stress, stabilizing tissue.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following features:
1) boride of Fe-B-C alloy of the present invention has been realized size distribution (see figure 1), is conducive to the reduction of Fe-B-C alloy fragility and the raising of toughness;
2) the outer microalloy treatment simple process of Fe-B-C alloying furnace of the present invention, microalloy element recovery rate is high, surpasses 95%;
3) boride particle strengthening Fe-B-C alloy has excellent mechanical property, and hardness is greater than 60HRC, and tensile strength surpasses 730MPa, and impelling strength surpasses 15J/cm
2.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 boride particle strengthening Fe-B-C microstructure of the alloy microstructure picture.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.
Embodiment 1:
Adopt 500 kilograms of medium-frequency induction furnace melting materials of the present invention, its concrete preparation technology is:
1. first melting Fe-B-C alloy in 500 kilograms of medium-frequency induction furnaces, chemical constitution and the massfraction thereof of Fe-B-C alloy molten solution are: 0.29%C, 1.77%B, 0.48%Al, 0.52%Si, 0.95%Mn, 1.20%Cr, 0.036%S, 0.040%P, surplus Fe.When the temperature of Fe-B-C alloy molten solution reaches 1603 ℃, by the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution ladle of coming out of the stove, and adopting wire feeder that the B alloy wire of diameter phi 3.5mm is sent in the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution in ladle, B alloy wire add-on accounts for 3.5% of the interior Fe-B-C alloy molten solution massfraction of ladle.Chemical constitution and the massfraction thereof of B alloy wire are: 3.28%Ce, and 4.90%La, 2.54%Mg, 1.51%Zr, 2.78%Zn, 12.04%Al, 17.69%Si, 12.37%Ti, 1.99%Nb, 0.031%S, 0.039%P, surplus is Fe and other inevitable impurity.
2. B alloy wire was sent in the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution in ladle after 2 minutes, and the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution in ladle is stirred and skimmed, and when the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution temperature in ladle is down to 1455 ℃, was poured into casting mold, obtained Fe-B-C alloy-steel casting.
3. foundry goods, after sand removal and grinding process, is heated to 980 ℃ with stove, is incubated 5 hours, carries out oil quenchinng.Fe-B-C alloy-steel casting after oil quenchinng continues to be heated to 260 ℃ and carries out temper, is incubated air cooling after 8 hours and, to room temperature, can obtains boride particle strengthening Fe-B-C alloy product, and its mechanical property is in Table 1.
Embodiment 2:
Adopt 500 kilograms of medium-frequency induction furnace melting materials of the present invention, its concrete preparation technology is:
1. first melting Fe-B-C alloy in 500 kilograms of medium-frequency induction furnaces, chemical constitution and the massfraction thereof of Fe-B-C alloy molten solution are: 0.49%C, 0.84%B, 0.33%Al, 0.97%Si, 0.61%Mn, 1.48%Cr, 0.029%S, 0.044%P, surplus Fe.When the temperature of Fe-B-C alloy molten solution reaches 1620 ℃, by the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution ladle of coming out of the stove, and adopting wire feeder that the B alloy wire of diameter phi 4.5mm is sent in the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution in ladle, B alloy wire add-on accounts for 4.5% of the interior Fe-B-C alloy molten solution massfraction of ladle.The chemical constitution of B alloy wire and massfraction thereof are 4.99%Ce, 3.03%La, and 2.87%Mg, 1.96%Zr, 2.20%Zn, 14.82%Al, 14.09%Si, 14.90%Ti, 1.56%Nb, 0.035%S, 0.041%P, surplus is Fe and other inevitable impurity.
2. B alloy wire was sent in the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution in ladle after 3 minutes, and the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution in ladle is stirred and skimmed, and when the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution temperature in ladle is down to 1479 ℃, was poured into casting mold, obtained Fe-B-C alloy-steel casting.
3. foundry goods, after sand removal and grinding process, is heated to 1020 ℃ with stove, is incubated 3 hours, carries out oil quenchinng.Fe-B-C alloy-steel casting after oil quenchinng continues to be heated to 200 ℃ and carries out temper, is incubated air cooling after 12 hours and, to room temperature, can obtains boride particle strengthening Fe-B-C alloy product, and its mechanical property is in Table 1.
Embodiment 3:
Adopt 500 kilograms of medium-frequency induction furnace melting materials of the present invention, its concrete preparation technology is:
1. first melting Fe-B-C alloy in 500 kilograms of medium-frequency induction furnaces, chemical constitution and the massfraction thereof of Fe-B-C alloy molten solution are: 0.32%C, 1.29%B, 0.42%Al, 0.73%Si, 0.80%Mn, 1.41%Cr, 0.031%S, 0.036%P, surplus Fe.When the temperature of Fe-B-C alloy molten solution reaches 1614 ℃, by the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution ladle of coming out of the stove, and adopting wire feeder that the B alloy wire of diameter phi 4.0mm is sent in the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution in ladle, B alloy wire add-on accounts for 4.0% of the interior Fe-B-C alloy molten solution massfraction of ladle.Chemical constitution and the massfraction thereof of B alloy wire are: 3.95%Ce, and 4.10%La, 2.17%Mg, 1.85%Zr, 2.58%Zn, 13.51%Al, 16.24%Si, 13.04%Ti, 1.71%Nb, 0.030%S, 0.036%P, surplus is Fe and other inevitable impurity.
2. B alloy wire was sent in the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution in ladle after 3 minutes, and the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution in ladle is stirred and skimmed, and when the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution temperature in ladle is down to 1468 ℃, was poured into casting mold, obtained Fe-B-C alloy-steel casting.
3. foundry goods, after sand removal and grinding process, is heated to 1000 ℃ with stove, is incubated 4 hours, carries out oil quenchinng.Fe-B-C alloy-steel casting after oil quenchinng continues to be heated to 230 ℃ and carries out temper, is incubated air cooling after 10 hours and, to room temperature, can obtains boride particle strengthening Fe-B-C alloy product, and its mechanical property is in Table 1.
Table 1 boride particle strengthening Fe-B-C alloy mechanical property
| Mechanical property | Hardness/HRC | Tensile strength/MPa | Impelling strength, J/cm 2 |
| Embodiment 1 | 60.9 | 755 | 16.7 |
| Embodiment 2 | 61.7 | 735 | 15.3 |
| Embodiment 3 | 61.2 | 750 | 16.9 |
Boride particle strengthening Fe-B-C alloy of the present invention has excellent mechanical property, and wherein hardness is greater than 60HRC, and tensile strength surpasses 730MPa, and impelling strength surpasses 15J/cm
2.The present invention has realized size distribution because of boride in Fe-B-C alloy, has overcome the large deficiency of common net distribution boride Fe-B-C alloy fragility, in high-abrasive material field, has popularizing application prospect widely.
Claims (2)
1. a preparation method for boride particle strengthening Fe-B-C alloy, is characterized in that, adopts electrosmelting, comprises the steps:
Elder generation's melting Fe-B-C alloy in electric furnace, chemical constitution and the massfraction thereof of Fe-B-C alloy molten solution are: 0.28～0.50%C, 0.8～1.8%B, 0.3～0.5%Al, 0.5～1.0%Si, 0.6～1.0%Mn, 1.2～1.5%Cr, S<0.04%, P<0.05%, surplus Fe, when the temperature of Fe-B-C alloy molten solution reaches 1600～1620 ℃, by the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution ladle of coming out of the stove, and adopt wire feeder that the B alloy wire of diameter phi 3.5～4.5mm is sent in the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution in ladle, B alloy wire add-on accounts for 3.5～4.5% of the interior Fe-B-C alloy molten solution massfraction of ladle, chemical constitution and the massfraction thereof of B alloy wire are: 3～5%Ce, 3～5%La, 2～3%Mg, 1.5～2.0%Zr, 2.2～2.8%Zn, 12～15%Al, 14～18%Si, 12～15%Ti, 1.5～2.0%Nb, S<0.04%, P<0.05%, surplus is Fe and other inevitable impurity, B alloy wire was sent in the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution in ladle after 2～3 minutes, Fe-B-C alloy molten solution in ladle is stirred and skimmed, when the Fe-B-C alloy molten solution temperature in ladle is down to 1450～1480 ℃, poured into casting mold, obtain Fe-B-C alloy-steel casting, foundry goods is after sand removal and grinding process, with stove, be heated to 980～1020 ℃, be incubated 3～5 hours, carry out oil quenchinng, Fe-B-C alloy-steel casting after oil quenchinng continues to be heated to 200～260 ℃ and carries out temper, be incubated after 8～12 hours air cooling to room temperature, obtain boride particle strengthening Fe-B-C alloy product.
2. a kind of boride particle strengthening Fe-B-C alloy that the method for employing claim 1 prepares.
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