CN103642110B - 一种光热协同可控降解地膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种光热协同可控降解地膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103642110B
CN103642110B CN201310575270.0A CN201310575270A CN103642110B CN 103642110 B CN103642110 B CN 103642110B CN 201310575270 A CN201310575270 A CN 201310575270A CN 103642110 B CN103642110 B CN 103642110B
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罗学刚
张思钊
林晓艳
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Southwest University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种光热协同可控降解地膜及其制备方法，它的各组分重量份配比为：聚乙烯85～95份、光热敏剂1～5份、增塑剂5～10份、增容剂0.5～3份和抗氧剂0.5～2份；它是将金属氧化物混合磨细至60目，在马弗炉高温下处理2小时，再与RuO2调制，研磨至80目得到光热敏剂；再将聚乙烯、光热敏剂、增塑剂、增容剂和抗氧剂按重量比配料，高速混合后再经吹塑而成的。具有普通塑料地膜的力学性能和使用范围，可控环境降解、满足使用要求。

Description

一种光热协同可控降解地膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种地膜，特别涉及光热协同可控降解地膜及其制备方法，属于农用地膜生产及应用领域。
背景技术
塑料地膜覆盖技术推广应用以来，使全世界的农作物适种地区在北、南半球分别向北、南推移了2°～4°（地理纬度），向高山地区推移了500～1000m海拔高度，农作物增产增收的经济效益十分显著。以我国为例，累计地膜年覆盖面积已超过2亿亩，增产粮食和经济作物年收益已超过500亿元。40多年以来，地膜覆盖技术使中国累计增产粮食及经济作物的产值已超过10000亿元，已经成为保持我国农业平稳发展、保障我国粮食安全的重大工程之一。
虽然农用膜覆盖技术被称之为继化肥、种子之后农业的第三次“白色革命”。但是，随着地膜的大量使用，残余在耕地中的膜碎片积累越来越多，在土壤中形成阻隔层、降低透气性，阻碍种子发芽、出苗、根系发育和对水分、养分的吸收，而且随风飞扬污染环境，形成的“白色污染”或“白色灾害”一直是世界各国农业要解决的主要难题。40多年来世界各国降解地膜的研发和应用目前要解决的关键问题仍然是：①原料、辅料及加工低成本和普通地膜相当；②满足地膜使用的强度要求，特别是集约及机械化农业的要求；③环境综合降解，即光、温、水、气及生物综合作用下地表和土壤覆盖部分（如埋在土壤中的边缘部分）都能降解无残留；④原料、辅料等成分降解后对土壤、作物、环境的影响如何，特别是合成高聚物降解程度与环境容纳的程度；⑤低碳经济和低碳社会的发展对不同材料、不同降解特性地膜的选择等。根据我国的国情，我国降解塑料的主攻方向仍是农膜和地膜，结合国情开展多种原料、多种技术路线、不同地膜产品的研发，是农用膜生产行业的共性关键技术。充分利用我国天然金属氧化物资源，开发光热协同可控降解地膜的应用推广，有利于实现农业生态效益、社会效益和经济效益三者的统一，对经济与社会可持续发展有重要的应用前景和意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对已有技术方案的不足，提供一种光热协同可控降解地膜，为地膜的光热协同可控降解研究和大规模市场推广扩大应用领域。
本发明的技术方案是：一种光热协同可控降解地膜，它的各组分的重量配比为：聚乙烯85～95份、光热催化剂1～5份、增塑剂5～10份、增容剂0.5～3份和抗氧剂0.5～2份。
所述的光热催化剂是将金属氧化物按重量百分比Mn3O425%、CuO15%、NiO10%、Co3O450%混合磨细至60目，在马弗炉1350oC高温下处理2小时，再加入金属氧化物总重量4%的RuO2混合调制，研磨至80目得到的；所述的增塑剂是邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、甘油、乙二醇中的一种或两种以上的任意组合；所述的增容剂是马来酸酐、乙烯乙烯醇共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、甲基丙烯酸酯中的一种或两种以上的任意组合；所述的抗氧剂是防老剂AP、防老剂AH、硫代酚300和硫代酚2246-S中的一种或两种以上的任意组合。
前述光热协同可控降解地膜的制备方法，其步骤依次是：
A、光热催化剂制备：将金属氧化物Mn3O4、CuO、NiO、Co3O4按重量百分比混合磨细至60目，在马弗炉1350oC高温下处理2小时，再与RuO2调制，研磨至80目得到光热催化剂；
B、配料预混：按重量配比取聚乙烯85～95份、光热催化剂1～5份、增塑剂5～10份、增容剂0.5～3份和抗氧剂0.5～2份，在高速混合机中高速混合15～25min；
C、吹塑成膜：在挤出温度150～180oC，口模温度150～170oC，螺杆转速为20～30转/分钟的条件吹塑成膜。
地膜在给农业生产带来巨大经济利益的同时也产生了很大的潜在隐患。在光降解、生物降解、光/生物降解和热氧降解高分子技术存在诸多问题的背景下，如何研发出低成本、满足使用要求、废弃物降解过程污染最小化甚至零危害成为人们日益关心的话题。本发明利用热、光催化效应，即在热、光等因素的作用下，光热敏剂能有效的催化生成用于合成高分子降解的自由基，“切断”地膜聚乙烯高分子链实现光热协调可控降解。其特点是光热催化剂用量少、成本低和易加工，其制品在贮运、使用期间应用性能均能保持地膜的应用特性，满足使用要求，使用后的地膜碎片较容易在热、光、氧环境中降解，即使在无光照条件下，在设定的时间范围内能较快的实现降解，可以调控降解诱导期，满足不同地区、不同作物生产的要求。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进—步详细说明。
光热催化剂制备：将金属氧化物按重量百分比Mn3O425%、CuO15%、NiO10%、Co3O450%混合磨细至60目，在马弗炉1350oC高温下处理2小时，再加入金属氧化物总重量4%的RuO2混合调制，研磨至80目得到光热催化剂。
实施例1：按重量份配比取聚乙烯85份，光热催化剂1份，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯5份，马来酸酐0.5份和防老剂AP0.5份，在高速混合机中高速混合15min。在挤出温度150oC，口模温度150oC，螺杆转速为20转/分钟的条件吹塑成膜即得到光热协同可控降解地膜。
实施例2：按重量份配比取聚乙烯95份，光热催化剂5份，乙二醇10份，乙烯乙烯醇共聚物3份和防老剂AH2份，在高速混合机中高速混合25min。在挤出温度180oC，口模温度170oC，螺杆转速为30转/分钟的条件吹塑成膜即得到光热协同可控降解地膜。
实施例3：按重量份配比取聚乙烯90份，光热催化剂4份，甘油7份，乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物2份和硫代酚3001份，在高速混合机中高速混合20min。在挤出温度170oC，口模温度160oC，螺杆转速为25转/分钟的条件吹塑成膜即得到光热协同可控降解地膜。
实施例4：按重量份配比取聚乙烯88份，光热催化剂3.5份，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯1份、甘油5.5份，甲基丙烯酸酯2.5份和硫代酚2246-S1.5份，在高速混合机中高速混合18min。在挤出温度165oC，口模温度155oC，螺杆转速为28转/分钟的条件吹塑成膜即得到光热协同可控降解地膜。
实施例5：按重量份配比取聚乙烯90份，光热催化剂3.5份，甘油3份、乙二醇4份，乙烯乙烯醇共聚物1份、甲基丙烯酸酯1.5份，防老剂AP1份和硫代酚2246-S1份，在高速混合机中高速混合20min。在挤出温度170oC，口模温度160oC，螺杆转速为26转/分钟的条件吹塑成膜即得到光热协同可控降解地膜。
实施例6：按重量份配比取聚乙烯85份，光热催化剂4份，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯6份，马来酸酐0.5份、乙烯乙烯醇共聚物1.0份，防老剂AH1份和硫代酚3000.5份，在高速混合机中高速混合25min。在挤出温度180oC，口模温度170oC，螺杆转速为20转/分钟的条件吹塑成膜即得到光热协同可控降解地膜。
实施例7：按重量份配比取聚乙烯95份，光热催化剂4.5份，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯4.5份，马来酸酐2份、乙烯乙烯醇共聚物1份和防老剂AP2份，在高速混合机中高速混合25min。在挤出温度180oC，口模温度170oC，螺杆转速为30转/分钟的条件吹塑成膜即得到光热协同可控降解地膜。
实施例8：按重量份配比取聚乙烯90份，光热催化剂4份，甘油5份、乙二醇10份，乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物2份、甲基丙烯酸酯0.5份和硫代酚3002份，在高速混合机中高速混合22min。在挤出温度150oC，口模温度150oC，螺杆转速为20转/分钟的条件吹塑成膜即得到光热协同可控降解地膜。

Claims (2)

1.一种光热协同可控降解地膜，其特征在于，它的组分及各组分的重量配比为：聚乙烯85～95份、光热催化剂1～5份、增塑剂5～10份、增容剂0.5～3份、抗氧剂0.5～2份；所述的光热催化剂是将金属氧化物按重量百分比Mn3O425%、CuO15%、NiO10%、Co3O450%混合磨细至60目，在马弗炉1350℃高温下处理2小时，再加入金属氧化物总重量4%的RuO2混合调制，研磨至80目得的；所述的增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、甘油、乙二醇中的一种或两种以上的任意组合；所述的增容剂为马来酸酐、乙烯乙烯醇共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、甲基丙烯酸酯中的一种或两种以上的任意组合；所述的抗氧剂为防老剂AP、防老剂AH、硫代酚300和硫代酚2246-S中的一种或两种以上的任意组合。
2.一种权利要求1所述的光热协同可控降解地膜的制备方法，其步骤依次是：
A、光热催化剂制备：将金属氧化物Mn3O4、CuO、NiO、Co3O4按重量百分比混合磨细至60目，在马弗炉1350℃高温下处理2小时，再与RuO2调制，研磨至80目得到光热催化剂；
B、配料预混：按重量份配比取聚乙烯85～95份、光热催化剂1～5份、增塑剂5～10份、增容剂0.5～3份和抗氧剂0.5～2份，在高速混合机中高速混合15～25min；
C、吹塑成膜：在挤出温度150～180℃，口模温度150～170℃，螺杆转速为20～30转/分钟的条件吹塑成膜。
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