CN103640197B - 一种巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装置 - Google Patents

一种巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装置 Download PDF

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CN103640197B
CN103640197B CN201310618542.0A CN201310618542A CN103640197B CN 103640197 B CN103640197 B CN 103640197B CN 201310618542 A CN201310618542 A CN 201310618542A CN 103640197 B CN103640197 B CN 103640197B
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杨卫民
曾越
焦志伟
秦柳
王琳
丁玉梅
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装备，属于橡胶加工与轮胎制造技术领域，主要包括两台橡胶挤出机，一台装有阻尼块的双L型挤出机头，在线监测控制系统，冷却系统和裁断、测厚、卷取装置。其中，两台橡胶挤出机对称分布，挤出机中的螺杆旋向相反，双L型挤出机头由左机头和右机头对顶串联组成，机头内装有阻尼块，阻尼块类似楔形状，具有可调性。双L型挤出机头内设有循环水道，与机头上的PVT在线监测仪和智能温控器一起组成在线监测控制系统。本发明一种巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装备，制备胶坯致密无气泡，表面质量好，可用于巨型子午胎的内衬层、过渡层和胎体，解决了传统超宽幅胶坯容易出现的拼缝、鼓包、厚度不均等质量缺陷。

Description

一种巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装备，属于橡胶加工与轮胎制造技术领域。
背景技术
巨型子午胎内衬层、过渡层及胎体等部位所需要的超宽幅胶坯因使用宽度较宽，尺寸要求严格等因素成为困扰巨胎生产的技术难题。目前国内外巨型子午胎成型用2000mm以上超宽幅胶坯的制造方法有以下两类：
1、窄幅拼接法。将多层窄幅的橡胶片材拼接在一起，经过压延贴合形成宽幅橡胶片材。此种方法的缺点是工艺流程长，控制难度大，设备繁复，投资巨大，生产的胶坯精度低、气密性差。
2、宽幅挤出法。采用两端进料的方式，将胶料通过新型两端进料式宽幅片材挤出机头（专利201067968）可以直接挤出宽幅橡胶片材。此种方法虽然使片材宽度提高了一倍，但是挤出胶片质量不稳定，尺寸精度低，厚度不均。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足而提供一种巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装备，保证超宽幅胶坯的挤出均匀性和气密性，其特点是改进胶坯挤出方式，在线监测控制挤出质量，巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装备主要包括两台橡胶挤出机、一台装有阻尼块的双L型挤出机头、在线监测控制系统、冷却系统、裁断装置、测厚装置和卷取装置。其中，橡胶挤出机为单螺杆挤出机，两台挤出机沿双L型挤出机头中线对称分布，挤出机中的螺杆旋向相反，左挤出机为右旋，右挤出机为左旋，两台挤出机螺杆逆时针方向旋转，使胶料在流动中形成较大的对冲力，并且流动方向一致，从而获得较大的挤出力，在机头中获得对称的流动，使调节容易，机头熔体流速更容易趋于均匀。双L型挤出机头由左机头和右机头对顶串联组成，增加了胶坯的挤出幅宽。左机头和右机头都包括机头上体、机头下体、阻尼块、上口型板、下口型板和测温仪，即左机头包括左机头上体、左机头下体、左阻尼块、左上口型板、左下口型板和测温仪，右机头包括右机头上体、右机头下体、右阻尼块、右上口型板、右下口型板和测温仪。机头上体与机头下体之间形成胶料流道，分为主流道和小流道，主流道为长圆管，沿圆管的一侧开出一条狭缝，就形成了小流道。其中，小流道凹槽内装有阻尼块，阻尼块形状类似楔形状，左端的阻尼块沿中心方向梯形的上底边不断变宽，高度变小，直至与小流道底部平齐，右端阻尼块的变化与上述相同。阻尼块靠近双L型挤出机头中心处高度矮，阻尼块的作用是阻碍靠近入口的物料过早被挤出，强迫物料沿流道向中心流动并充满主流道，从而使物料沿宽度方向均匀分布。阻尼块具有可调性，通过调节阻尼块调节螺栓改变阻尼块竖直方向的高度，可以改变狭缝各处的间隙，从而使全长上熔体溢流速度均匀，得到厚薄均匀的胶坯。双L型挤出机头上体和下体内设有循环水道，上下水道出入口位置相反，循环水道上连接有PVT在线监测仪及智能温控器，PVT在线监测仪及智能温控器组成在线监测控制系统，实现循环水道在线监测流场温度，通过调节循环水流量控制流场温度和调节熔体压力，使流道中的胶料流动达到最佳状态，从而使挤出的胶坯均匀致密无气泡。
本发明一种巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装置，是将胶料通过运输带输送到橡胶挤出机喂料口，胶料经橡胶挤出机塑化后在挤出机的高压下进入双L型挤出机机头内的主流道，熔融的胶料在橡胶挤出机的高压下沿主流道流动，同时越过阻尼块从小流道溢出，通过口型板挤出一定形状和厚度的胶坯。然后通过冷却、裁断、测厚后，对尺寸合格的胶坯进行卷取。
本发明的优点
1）提出了巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯整体挤出成型的方法，弥补了现有技术存在的厚度不均，鼓泡，拼缝，挤出不稳定等问题。
2）两台橡胶挤出机对称分布，且挤出机中的螺杆旋向相反，左挤出机为右旋，右挤出机为左旋，两台挤出机螺杆逆时针方向旋转，使胶料在流动中形成较大的对冲力，流动方向一致，从而为胶料的挤出提供了较大的挤出力，使胶料挤出连续均匀，表面质量提高。
3）双L型机头对顶串联，突破现有技术对胶坯宽幅的限制，实现宽幅胶坯的整体挤出。
4）机头内部楔形状的阻尼块有效地保证了胶坯挤出的均匀性。
5）在线监测控制系统有效地监测和调控胶料流场，使胶料流动达到最佳状态，从而使挤出过程稳定，挤出的胶坯质量均匀，致密无气泡。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装置的示意图。
图2为本发明一种巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装置的双L型挤出机头示意图。
图3为本发明一种巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装置的双L型挤出机头左机头示意图。
图4为本发明一种巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装置的流道结构示意图。
图5为本发明一种巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装置的阻尼块结构示意图。
图6为本发明一种巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装置的循环水道示意图。
图中：1-左挤出机，2-冷却段，3-裁断装置、测厚装置和卷取装置，4-右挤出机，5-双L型挤出机头，6-在线监测控制系统，7-左机头，8-右机头，9-左机头上体，10-左机头下体，11-左机头下体循环水入口，12-阻尼块调节螺栓，13-左机头下体循环水道，14-左下口型板，15-左上口型板，16-左机头上体循环水道，17-PVT在线监测仪，18-左机头上体循环水入口，19-主流道，20-小流道，21-阻尼块位置，22-左机头上体循环水出口。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行具体描述，有必要在此指出的是本实施例只能用于对本发明进行进一步说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限例，本领域的技术熟练人员可以根据本发明的内容作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
如图1所示，巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装备包括两台橡胶挤出机1、4，一台装有阻尼块的双L型挤出机头5，在线监测控制系统6，冷却系统和裁断装置、测厚装置和卷取装置3。其中，左挤出机1、右挤出机4为单螺杆挤出机，两台挤出机沿双L型挤出机头中线对称分布，挤出机中的螺杆旋向相反，左挤出机1为右旋，右挤出机4为左旋，两台挤出机螺杆逆时针方向旋转，使胶料在流动中形成较大的对冲力，并且流动方向一致，从而获得较大的挤出力。如图2所示，双L型挤出机头5由左机头7和右机头8对顶串联组成，增加了胶坯的挤出幅宽。以左机头7为例，如图3所示，左机头7包括左机头上体9、左机头下体10、左上口型板15、左下口型板14和测温仪17。左机头上体9与左机头下体10之间形成胶料流道，分为主流道19和小流道20，如图4所示。主流道19为长圆管，沿圆管的一侧开出一条狭缝，就形成了小流道20。其中，小流道20凹槽内装有阻尼块21，如图5所示，阻尼块21类似楔形状，左端的阻尼块沿中心方向梯形的上底边不断变宽，高度变小，直至与小流道底部平齐，右端阻尼块的变化与上述相同。阻尼块21的作用是阻碍靠近入口的物料过早被挤出，强迫物料沿流道向中心流动并充满主流道，从而使物料沿宽度方向均匀分布。阻尼块21具有可调性，通过调节阻尼块调节螺栓12改变阻尼块21竖直方向的高度，可以改变狭缝各处的间隙，从而达到全长上溢流速度均匀，得到厚薄均匀的胶坯。双L型挤出机机头上体9和下体10内设有左机头下体循环水道13、左机头上体循环水道16，图6所示为左机头上体9的左机头上体循环水道16，水从入口18进入左机头上体循环水道，从出口22排出，左机头下体10内的左机头下体循环水道13的出口和入口方向与之相反，水从出口11排出，这样的布置使温度控制更均匀，从而提高胶坯质量。左机头下体循环水道13、左机头上体循环水道16与机头上的PVT在线监测仪17和智能温控器一起组成在线监测控制系统6，实现在线监测流场温度，通过调节循环水流量控制流场温度和压力，使流道中的胶料流动达到最佳状态，从而使挤出的胶坯均匀致密无气泡。将胶料通过运输带输送到橡胶挤出机喂料口，胶料经左挤出机1、右挤出机4塑化后在挤出机的高压下进入双L型挤出机机头5内的主流道19，熔融的胶料在橡胶挤出机的高压下沿主流道19流动，同时越过阻尼块21从小流道20溢出，通过左下口型板14、左上口型板15挤出一定形状和厚度的胶坯。裁剪好的胶坯牵引至冷却辊进行冷却，并对胶坯进行厚度测量，然后对尺寸合格的胶坯进行裁断卷取。
本发明公开的一种巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装备能成功挤出宽幅最高达2800mm，厚度范围在2～20mm，厚度精度±0.01mm的胶坯。胶坯致密无气泡，表面质量好，可用于巨型子午胎的内衬层，过渡层和胎体等超宽幅异形截面胶片的使用，有效地解决了传统超宽幅胶坯容易出现的拼缝、鼓包、精度低以及表观质量差等质量缺陷。

Claims (2)

1.一种巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装置，其特征在于：主要包括两台橡胶挤出机、一台装有阻尼块的双L型挤出机头、在线监测控制系统、冷却系统、裁断装置、测厚装置和卷取装置，橡胶挤出机为单螺杆挤出机，两台挤出机沿双L型挤出机头中线对称分布，挤出机中的螺杆旋向相反，左挤出机为右旋，右挤出机为左旋，两台挤出机螺杆逆时针方向旋转；双L型挤出机头由左机头和右机头对顶串联组成，左机头和右机头结构对称，左机头和右机头都包括机头上体、机头下体、阻尼块、上口型板、下口型板和测温仪；机头上体与机头下体之间形成胶料流道，分为主流道和小流道，主流道为长圆管，沿长圆管的一侧开出一条狭缝，形成了小流道；小流道凹槽内装有阻尼块；阻尼块具有可调性，通过调节阻尼块调节螺栓改变阻尼块竖直方向的高度，改变狭缝各处的间隙；双L型挤出机头上体和下体内设有循环水道，循环水道上连接有在线监测控制系统；阻尼块形状为楔形形状，左端的阻尼块沿中心方向梯形的上底边不断变宽，高度变小，直至与小流道底部平齐，右端阻尼块的变化与上述的左端阻尼块的变化相同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种巨型子午胎超宽幅胶坯挤出成型装置，其特征在于：双L型挤出机头上体和下体内设有循环水道，上下水道出入口位置相反，循环水道上连接有PVT在线监测仪及智能温控器，PVT在线监测仪及智能温控器组成在线监测控制系统。
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