CN103624642A - Machining method for grinding main journal of crankshaft in floating mode - Google Patents
Machining method for grinding main journal of crankshaft in floating mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN103624642A CN103624642A CN201210505807.1A CN201210505807A CN103624642A CN 103624642 A CN103624642 A CN 103624642A CN 201210505807 A CN201210505807 A CN 201210505807A CN 103624642 A CN103624642 A CN 103624642A
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- grinding
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- crankshaft
- trunnion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
- B24B5/42—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding crankshafts or crankpins
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- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a machining method for grinding a main journal of a crankshaft in a floating mode. The method sequentially comprises the following steps: S1, clamping; S2, adjusting a bracket support; S3, rough grinding, wherein first rough grinding is conducted on an IV gear main journal through a grinding wheel 3, a bracket at the position corresponding to the IV gear main journal is adjusted while the IV gear main journal is ground, and during adjustment, it is ensured that the bracket is consistent in height, feeding scales of a grinding wheel frame handle are consistent, the practical size of the journal is consistent, and an error of a processing reference supporting gear is within +/-0.005mm; then, rough grinding is conducted on an IIV gear main journal and an I gear main journal, the more three reference supporting gears are ground in a reciprocating mode, the higher the grinding precision of the crankshaft is, and the coaxiality is better; S4, fine grinding, the step of rough grinding is repeated, fine grinding is conducted four to five times, after fine grinding, the main journal D=210mm, and tolerance ranges from 0mm to 0.029mm; S5, the remaining main journal is machined. Floating grinding is adopted in the machining method for grinding the main journal of the crankshaft in the floating mode, namely grinding is conducted on the crankshaft in the natural state, and influence of prestress, heat deformation and precision of a machine tool spindle is eliminated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crankshaft of diesel engine manufacture field, relate in particular to a kind of processing method of unsteady grinding main bearing journal.
Background technology
Bent axle is the major part of diesel engine, and its crudy directly connects the performance of normal operation, service life and the power of whole diesel engine of impact.Because this weight of bent axle is large, poor rigidity, yielding in processing, belong to large-scale unmanageable part.In process, the precision of bent axle is subject to the impact of external force (cutting force, top pressure, gravity centrifugal force) at any time, is also subject to the impact of grinding heat when grinding, and machining accuracy is difficult for guaranteeing.And the required precision of bent axle is high, especially the axiality of each grade of trunnion, circularity are the keys that guarantees bent axle quality.The requirement such as beat of the depth of parallelism of other eccentric throw such as connecting rod neck, the relative trunnion center line of connecting rod neck center line, two ends flange face and step, these precision are finally to guarantee by grinding.But the bent axle quality that different method for grinding grinds has obvious difference.
Conventional grinding main bearing journal all adopts the conventional method of two top grindings.Because two top grindings easily produce the axiality of pressure and influence of thermal deformation main bearing journal, if in the top grinding of crankshaft grinding machine two, because crankshaft grinding machine is top, be with main shaft gyration, machine tool chief axis precision directly affects the circularity of main bearing journal.
The precision analysis of two top grindings:
Because this weight of bent axle is large, two top grinding bent axles could really carry bent axle for accurate positioning will have certain pressure (axial force), and the grinding heat simultaneously producing in grinding process makes the bent axle axial elongation that is heated, because top effect makes crankshaft deformation, cause crankshaft center line crooked.
After traditional processing method is two tops location, utilize center rest levelling trunnion to make difference crank spread value between crank throw (be commonly called as turn shelves poor) reach regulation requirement.But this method is to utilize external force levelling bent axle, once bent axle is dismantled from lathe, under free state, because Stress Release can produce distortion again, precision is destroyed, in the grinding practice in this past, confirm.Because producing stress deformation, two top grindings make the axiality of bent axle overproof, other precision is also overproof with its distortion, when such bent axle is used in reality installation, although every grade of trunnion has lining tile supporting, but often there is turning grade poor overproof reaching more than 0.03 millimeter, in diesel engine work, each trunnion disalignment of bent axle will cause bent axle additional dynamic load, can cause the quick-wearing (being commonly called as eccentric wear) excessively of bearing guard, coaxiality error is larger, journal wear is more serious, can cause rod journal wearing and tearing aggravation simultaneously, has a strong impact on the service life of diesel engine.
In addition, if direct grinding spindle neck on crankshaft grinding machine, two top grindings are top due to bent axle turns round with the spindle synchronous of frame end to end of crankshaft grinding machine, machine tool chief axis is hydrostatic bearing, in work, due to base bearing precision and pressure oscillation, affect spindle operation precision and cause the deviation from circular from of processed maneton, generally, all in 0.025 millimeter, do not reach drawing requirement.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind ofly by the float method of grinding of universal coupling Flexible Transmission, fundamentally improve the machining accuracy of bent axle, greatly improve the processing method of unsteady grinding main bearing journal of the axiality of trunnion.
The processing method of unsteady grinding main bearing journal of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
S1: clamping
After two top grindings, universal coupling is flexibly connected to bent axle, machine tool chief axis drives crankshaft rotating through universal coupling;
S2: adjust bracket support
Take six throw crankshaft as example, trunnion 1 I, IV, VII shelves are benchmark supporting gear, be that above-mentioned third gear is benchmark at same center, III, V shelves are aiding support shelves, during for the good Crankshaft Machining of rigidity can, after having adjusted, tailstock unclamps and does not push up, bent axle is under nature, is not subject to the impact of axial force;
S3: corase grind
First, with emery wheel, roughly grind IV shelves trunnion, limit edging is adjusted the bracket of its correspondence position, during adjustment, guarantee: bracket height is consistent, grinding carriage handle feed scale is consistent, axle journal actual size is consistent, guarantees that the error of machining benchmark supporting gear is in ± 0.005 millimeter;
Afterwards, with said method, roughly grind I shelves trunnion and VII shelves trunnion, the number of times of the reciprocal grinding of three benchmark supporting gears is more, and the precision of crankshaft grinding is higher, and axiality is also thereupon better;
Roughly grind 2 back and forth, by centimeter check trunnion, beat, until while not beating, and make three benchmark supporting gear trunnion sizes to leaving 0.1 millimeter of surplus between finished product axle;
S4: fine grinding
Repeat the step of corase grind, 4-5 of fine grinding is reciprocal;
S5: processing residue trunnion
Remain II shelves, III shelves, V shelves, four trunnions of VI shelves, directly processing, tolerance 0-0.029mm.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention adopts unsteady grinding, and bent axle is in grinding under nature, eliminates pressure and thermal deformation and machine tool chief axis Accuracy.
The present invention sets about from reducing axial pressure, repeated multiple timesly inquire into and put into practice, allow bent axle work in-process be under nature, eliminate pressure, thermal deformation and the impact of lathe transmission main shaft precision on bent axle precision, fundamentally improve the machining accuracy of bent axle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the unsteady grinding bent axle schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the profile of B-B line in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is detection of platform bent axle schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Below the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail; Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the processing method of unsteady grinding main bearing journal of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
S1: clamping
After two top grindings, trunnion D=210.5mm, flexibly connects bent axle by universal coupling 2, and machine tool chief axis drives crankshaft rotating through universal coupling;
S2: adjust bracket support
Take six throw crankshaft as example, trunnion 1 I, IV, VII shelves are benchmark supporting gear, be that above-mentioned third gear is benchmark at same center, III, V shelves are aiding support shelves, during for the good Crankshaft Machining of rigidity can, after having adjusted, tailstock unclamps and does not push up, bent axle is under nature, is not subject to the impact of axial force;
S3: corase grind
First, with emery wheel 3 corase grind IV shelves trunnions, limit edging is adjusted the bracket 4 of its correspondence position, during adjustment, guarantee: bracket height is consistent, grinding carriage handle feed scale is consistent, axle journal actual size is consistent, guarantees that the error of machining benchmark supporting gear is in ± 0.005 millimeter;
Afterwards, with said method, roughly grind I shelves trunnion and VII shelves trunnion, the number of times of the reciprocal grinding of three benchmark supporting gears is more, and the precision of crankshaft grinding is higher, and axiality is also thereupon better;
Roughly grind 2 back and forth, by centimeter check trunnion, beat, until while not beating, and make three benchmark supporting gear trunnion sizes to leaving 0.1 millimeter of surplus between finished product axle;
After corase grind, trunnion D=210.1mm;
S4: fine grinding
Repeat the step of corase grind, 4-5 of fine grinding is reciprocal, after fine grinding, and trunnion D=210mm, tolerance 0-0.029mm;
S5: processing residue trunnion
Remain II shelves, III shelves, V shelves, four trunnions of VI shelves, directly from D=210.5mm, be worked into D=210mm, tolerance 0-0.029mm.
The step of concrete grinding is: IV shelves, I shelves, VII shelves, I shelves, IV shelves, VII shelves ... by that analogy, align bracket in good time.
In order to reach the grinding accuracy of the true bent axle with grinding of " bracket height is unanimously, grinding carriage handle feed scale is consistent, axle journal actual size is consistent ", must possess following condition:
1, make regular check on the installation accuracy of lathe, particularly the linearity of the large guide rail of lathe is guaranteed 0.02 millimeter of <.
2, every group switching centre bracket (at least five brackets) is contour, and its difference is in ± 0.005 millimeter, and bearing bracket block of material is selected the molybdenum bisuphide nylon that contains 8%-10%, reduces the friction of bracket and bent axle periphery.
3, before the grinding of floating, should first with two top clamping bent axles, roughly grind some mill amounts, and the particularly I carrying in preceding working procedure Vehicle Processing, VII shelves trunnion prismatic roundness are removed, could adopt the universal coupling grinding of floating.
As shown in Figure 3, the contrast of the quality of two kinds of grinding method for grinding: on one-level platform, trunnion I, adjustable float supporting 5 for fixed bearing 4, the IV shelves for VII shelves, then centering, makes bent axle contour, 0.01 millimeter of difference <.With dial gauge, measuring in the horizontal direction main bearing journal beats and is as the criterion.
The data that bent axle detects that two kinds of method for grinding grind see the following form one.
Two top grindings and unsteady grinding bent axle precision table of comparisons unit: millimeter
From table, numerical value can be found out, the bent axle precision of the grinding of floating is far away higher than the bent axle precision of two top grindings.Be apparent that most that the tailing axle conical surface beats, the bent axle of two top grindings is loaded onto beating of tailing axle and is substantially exceeded drawing requirement, reach 0.16 millimeter of >, in order to reach instructions for use, can only lean on the manual chipping end face of pincers worker (singly joining) to reduce and beat.The bent axle of grinding of floating is completely different, does not need artificial chipping, can directly install and use, and the conical surface is beated and generally can be guaranteed within the requirement of layout design 0.03 millimeter of <, and interchangeability is good.
Unsteady grinding has solved the stress deformation problem that two top grindings exist, but in the grinding process that floats, the slightly careless prismatic roundness problem that accidentally there will be sometimes, and the axle journal cylindrical grinding becomes regular prismatic (mill six-cylinder crankshaft).
Prismatic roundness is the most out in the cold in grinding process, and prismatic roundness micrometer can not be measured out, and the diameter in each cross section is identical, in the time of can only beating with dial gauge measurement, could find prismatic.Through the analysis of causes and on-the-spot repeatedly practice demonstration, the reason having problems is:
1, the connecting rod neck of six-cylinder crankshaft is respectively 120 ° of directions, six-cylinder crankshaft has three directions, three high points of prismatic roundness, low spot and crank-shaft link neck (three directions) have the distribution of corresponding rule, and during grinding, the rotating speed of workpiece is higher, 14 revs/min of >, prismatic roundness more easily produces.
The deviation from circular from that 2 ,Qian road manufacturing procedures carry on trunnion.
3, center rest lower support point angle < is 5 °.
Solution:
1, reduce workpiece rotational frequency, 14 revs/min of corase grind <, during fine grinding, < is 10 revs/min.
2, improve grinding forward spindle neck form accuracy.
3, center rest lower support point angle is aligned to 10 ° of >.
4, eliminate the rerun a movie factor of error of trunnion.
So, when grinding, to often measure beating of I, VII supporting gear trunnion, to accomplish to pinpoint the problems in time and will process in time, the characteristic of the grinding of floating is the ability of not correcting prismatic roundness.If while finding that bent axle has ground prismatic roundness, need again with two top method for grinding reconditionings to fall prismatic roundness I, VII supporting gear trunnion in time, and then continue to refine to size with unsteady method for grinding.
In sum, the bent axle quality of unsteady grinding ratio two top grindings is high, through production practical application, demonstration for many years, this technological method for processing is practicable, the quality of unsteady grinding bent axle can reach layout design and meet installation instructions for use, this method for grinding can also be for major axis grinding simultaneously, and effect is remarkable.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and modification, these improve and modification also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a processing method for unsteady grinding main bearing journal, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps successively:
S1: clamping
After two top grindings, universal coupling is flexibly connected to bent axle, machine tool chief axis drives crankshaft rotating through universal coupling;
S2: adjust bracket support
Take six throw crankshaft as example, trunnion 1 I, IV, VII shelves are benchmark supporting gear, be that above-mentioned third gear is benchmark at same center, III, V shelves are aiding support shelves, during for the good Crankshaft Machining of rigidity can, after having adjusted, tailstock unclamps and does not push up, bent axle is under nature, is not subject to the impact of axial force;
S3: corase grind
First, with emery wheel, roughly grind IV shelves trunnion, limit edging is adjusted the bracket of its correspondence position, during adjustment, guarantee: bracket height is consistent, grinding carriage handle feed scale is consistent, axle journal actual size is consistent, guarantees that the error of machining benchmark supporting gear is in ± 0.005 millimeter;
Afterwards, with said method, roughly grind I shelves trunnion and VII shelves trunnion, the number of times of the reciprocal grinding of three benchmark supporting gears is more, and the precision of crankshaft grinding is higher, and axiality is also thereupon better;
Roughly grind 2 back and forth, by centimeter check trunnion, beat, until while not beating, and make three benchmark supporting gear trunnion sizes to leaving 0.1 millimeter of surplus between finished product axle;
S4: fine grinding
Repeat the step of corase grind, 4-5 of fine grinding is reciprocal;
S5: processing residue trunnion
Remain II shelves, III shelves, V shelves, four trunnions of VI shelves, directly processing, tolerance 0-0.029mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210505807.1A CN103624642A (en) | 2012-12-03 | 2012-12-03 | Machining method for grinding main journal of crankshaft in floating mode |
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| CN201210505807.1A CN103624642A (en) | 2012-12-03 | 2012-12-03 | Machining method for grinding main journal of crankshaft in floating mode |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104209811A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2014-12-17 | 南车戚墅堰机车有限公司 | Automatic allocation method for axial machining allowances of crankshaft |
| CN107214576A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2017-09-29 | 淄博柴油机总公司 | The method that stress is offset in a kind of grinding of crankshaft of diesel engine |
| CN107617931A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-23 | 卢丽 | The method for grinding of main bearing journal |
| CN108044509A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-05-18 | 辽宁五八内燃机配件有限公司 | A kind of grinding wheel dressing method for ensureing crank spindle radius quality |
| CN110814889A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-21 | 中车戚墅堰机车有限公司 | Method for grinding main journal of multi-throw crankshaft through fixed support |
| CN112872728A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-01 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | Processing technology of quenched crankshaft |
| CN114473662A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-13 | 库卡机器人(广东)有限公司 | Crankshaft machining mechanism and crankshaft machining equipment |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104209811A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2014-12-17 | 南车戚墅堰机车有限公司 | Automatic allocation method for axial machining allowances of crankshaft |
| CN107214576A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2017-09-29 | 淄博柴油机总公司 | The method that stress is offset in a kind of grinding of crankshaft of diesel engine |
| CN107617931A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-23 | 卢丽 | The method for grinding of main bearing journal |
| CN108044509A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-05-18 | 辽宁五八内燃机配件有限公司 | A kind of grinding wheel dressing method for ensureing crank spindle radius quality |
| CN110814889A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-21 | 中车戚墅堰机车有限公司 | Method for grinding main journal of multi-throw crankshaft through fixed support |
| CN110814889B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-02-09 | 中车戚墅堰机车有限公司 | Method for grinding main journal of multi-throw crankshaft through fixed support |
| CN112872728A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-01 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | Processing technology of quenched crankshaft |
| CN114473662A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-13 | 库卡机器人(广东)有限公司 | Crankshaft machining mechanism and crankshaft machining equipment |
| CN114473662B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-08-08 | 库卡机器人(广东)有限公司 | Crankshaft machining mechanism and crankshaft machining equipment |
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Application publication date: 20140312 |