CN103619628B - 用于混合动力车辆的驱动单元 - Google Patents

用于混合动力车辆的驱动单元 Download PDF

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CN103619628B
CN103619628B CN201280020710.XA CN201280020710A CN103619628B CN 103619628 B CN103619628 B CN 103619628B CN 201280020710 A CN201280020710 A CN 201280020710A CN 103619628 B CN103619628 B CN 103619628B
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front wheel
wheel spindle
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driver element
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CN103619628A (zh
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菲利普·埃布纳
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Ltd Of Magna Dynamical System LP
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/354—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having separate mechanical assemblies for transmitting drive to the front or to the rear wheels or set of wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/001—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units one motor mounted on a propulsion axle for rotating right and left wheels of this axle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于具有前轮轴和后轮轴的混合动力车辆的驱动单元，该驱动单元具有：内燃发动机，其用于至少驱动后轮轴并且布置在前轮轴的区域中；电机，其用于驱动前轮轴；以及前轮轴差速器，其具有用于接收来自电机的驱动功率的输入元件和用于联接至前轮轴的相应车轮的两个输出元件。电机和前轮轴差速器沿着前轮轴布置在内燃发动机的相对侧，其中电机经由连接轴以传动关系联接至前轮轴差速器的输入元件，连接轴被引导通过内燃发动机的贮油槽。

Description

用于混合动力车辆的驱动单元
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于具有前轮轴和后轮轴的混合动力车辆的驱动单元，该驱动单元具有内燃发动机和电机，内燃发动机用于至少驱动后轮轴且布置在前轮轴区域中，电机用于驱动前轮轴。
背景技术
既使用内燃发动机又使用电机作为驱动源的用于机动车辆的混合动力传动系的特征在于高效率程度和节省燃料的可能性。通过由电机驱动前轮轴，能够对具有内燃发动机和后轮轴传动装置的车辆的传动系进行扩展而产生全轮驱动的混合动力传动系。原理上这能够经由前轮轴差速器而发生，其中该前轮轴差速器具有用于接收来自电机的驱动功率输出的输入构件和用于联接至前轮轴的相应车轮的两个输出构件。根据应用，该类型的前轮轴差速器能够构造为锥齿轮差速器或构造为行星齿轮差速器。特别地，如果内燃发动机构造为前置纵向发动机，也就是说，内燃发动机的曲轴定向为平行于车辆纵向轴线，则实际上用于前轮轴差速器和电机的容置选择仅存在于如在车辆纵向轴线的方向上观察的侧向地紧挨着内燃发动机。由于有限的安装空间，仅能够使用具有相应地低功率输出的小尺寸电机。这限制了混合动力车辆的驱动性能和燃料效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在混合动力车辆中使通过电机有效驱动前轮轴成为可能，其中该混合动力车辆具有布置在前轮轴的区域中的内燃发动机。
通过用于具有前轮轴和后轮轴的混合动力车辆的驱动单元实现该目的，该驱动单元具有：内燃发动机，其用于至少驱动后轮轴并且布置在前轮轴的区域中；电机，其用于驱动前轮轴；以及前轮轴差速器，其具有输入构件和两个输出构件，输入构件用于接收来自电机的驱动功率输出，输出构件用于联接至前轮轴的相应车轮，电机和前轮轴差速器沿着前轮轴布置在内燃发动机的相对侧，并且电机经由连接轴以传动关系联接至前轮轴差速器的输入构件，其中该连接轴被引导通过内燃发动机的贮油槽。
根据本发明，电机和前轮轴差速器沿前轮轴布置在内燃发动机的相对侧，并且电机经由连接轴以传动关系联接至前轮轴差速器的输入构件，其中该连接轴被引导通过内燃发动机的贮油槽。由于电机和前轮轴差速器布置在内燃发动机的不同侧的事实，总体上可获得更多空间用于容置电机，因此能够使用具有相应较高功率输出的电机。因此，用于对前轮轴进行机电驱动所需的部件被分置到在内燃发动机的两侧均可获得的容置空间，这产生提高的总体空间利用率。由于借助被引导通过贮油槽的连接轴联接电机和前轮轴差速器，因此无需对内燃发动机进行复杂的重新定位或重新构造。因此，总体而言，本发明使机电前轮轴传动装置能够简单地集成到具有前置纵向内燃发动机和后轮轴传动装置的现有机动车辆中。
在从属权利要求、说明书和附图中具体说明了本发明的变型。
优选地，连接轴被引导通过设置在贮油槽中的通道。这样，避免了复杂的密封和不期望的飞溅影响。根据应用，通道能够是穿过贮油槽的沟槽状导通件或另外地能够是朝向贮油槽的一侧、例如下侧开放的切除部。
连接轴能够构造为中空轴，横向轴被引导通过中空轴并且从前轮轴差速器的输出构件中的一个延伸至前轮轴的相关联的车轮。因此，连接轴能够关于前轮轴差速器同轴地布置，这产生特别节省空间的总体布置。
此外，驱动单元能够包括用于选择性地使电机与前轮轴差速器的输入构件脱离的离合器，以便在需要时——例如在超过预定车速时——使电机和/或相关联的减速传动机构的一部分与其余传动装置脱离。其结果是，例如，能够避免电机的阻力损失和过高转速。优选地，该类型的分离离合器布置在电机和连接轴之间或者布置在连接轴和前轮轴差速器之间。作为该方案的替代性方案，分离离合器能够设置在前轮轴差速器的两个输出构件中的一个与相关联的前车轮之间，特别地设置在从相关输出构件延伸至前轮轴的相关联的车轮的横向轴上，其结果是，同样能够使电机与其余传动装置分开。根据应用，离合器能够以摩擦或正向锁定的方式启用。
根据本发明的一个实施方式，电机的传动轴关于连接轴同轴地布置并且特别地构造为中空轴。这使驱动单元的特别节省空间的构造成为可能，能够使横向轴中的一个引导通过传动轴。传动轴也能够与连接轴构造成一体件。
此外，驱动单元能够特别地包括两级式减速传动机构，该两级式减速传动机构构造用于使前轮轴差速器的输入构件的相对于电机的转子的旋转减速。这使得能够使用具有比较高的转速的电机，对于预定功率输出，该电机能够具有相对较小的尺寸。
减速传动机构能够包括至少一个行星齿轮机构，该至少一个行星齿轮机构特别地关于连接轴同轴并且包括用于联接至电机的第一构件、用于联接至前轮轴差速器的输入构件的第二构件、以及第三、固定构件。关于安装空间，行星齿轮机构使相对较高的传动比和比较高的扭矩的传输成为可能。还有利的是，在行星齿轮机构中输入部和输出部相对于彼此同轴。根据本发明的一个改进，行星齿轮机构包括行星架、太阳齿轮、以及固定内齿轮例如压入壳体中的内齿轮，行星架带有可移动地安装在其上的行星齿轮，传动优选地经由太阳齿轮进行并且输出优选地经由行星架进行。
优选地，行星齿轮机构布置在内燃发动机的设置有前轮轴差速器的一侧。因此，在内燃发动机的相对侧保留有用于容置电机的更多空间。
行星齿轮机构的第二构件能够与前轮轴差速器的输入构件构造成一体件。例如，行星齿轮机构的行星架能够集成在前轮轴差速器的差速器保持架中。通过行星齿轮机构的第二构件与前轮轴差速器的输入构件的该类型的单件式构造，能够进一步减小所需的安装空间。
根据本发明的一个改进，行星齿轮机构包括太阳齿轮、内齿轮和行星架，行星架带有多个可旋转地安装的行星齿轮，行星齿轮具有与太阳齿轮啮合的第一齿接段和与内齿轮啮合的第二齿接段，第一齿接段具有比第二齿接段大的直径。该类型的行星齿轮机构还被称为“多阶式行星齿轮机构”。原理上，代替较大的直径，第一齿接段具有的齿的数量还能够比第二齿接段的多。在该类型的改进中，连接轴能够经由太阳齿轮驱动较大的行星齿轮，而较小的行星齿轮被支撑在固定内齿轮上。因此，这产生两个减速级，这两个减速级布置成一个在另一个的后面，因此与单个行星齿轮机构的情况相比能够获得总体上更大的减速比，并且能够使用相应更快速地旋转的电机。
根据本发明的另外的实施方式，减速传动机构包括两个单级行星齿轮机构，两个单级行星齿轮机构布置在内燃发动机的相对侧并且形成一个在另一个后面地连接的各自的减速传动机构。在该改进中，减速传动机构沿着前轮轴被分置到内燃发动机的两侧，这在某些应用情况下在空间利用率方面是有利的。
根据本发明的另外的实施方式，电机的传动轴相对于连接轴平行地偏置，偏置传动装置形成用于将传动轴联接至连接轴的减速传动机构。使用偏置传动装置或偏置齿轮机构的结果是能够将电机定位在前发动机舱中的有利位置处。
特别地，偏置传动装置能够包括正齿轮组，正齿轮组具有联接或能够联接至电机的至少一个输入正齿轮以及联接或能够联接至连接轴的输出正齿轮。此处，该类型的减速传动机构的传动比由输入正齿轮相对于输出正齿轮的直径或齿数的差异而产生。特别地，偏置传动装置能够形成第一减速级，在第一减速级之后是呈行星齿轮机构形式的第二减速级。
优选地，偏置传动装置的输入正齿轮和输出正齿轮与至少一个居间正齿轮啮合，以便使横向轴与电机的传动轴之间的足够大的间隔成为可能。特别地，还能够通过链传动装置或带传动装置桥接该间距。
此外，驱动单元能够包括可变换离合器，以便将偏置传动装置的输出正齿轮选择性地联接至连接轴。例如，能够例如通过滑动套筒将偏置传动装置的输出正齿轮选择性地联接至连接轴，其中连接轴被引导通过贮油槽到达前轮轴差速器。作为该方案的替代性方案，可切换离合器能够设置在电机的传动轴与偏置传动装置的输入正齿轮之间或者设置在连接轴与前轮轴差速器的输入构件之间。能够根据需要通过可变换离合器使电机与前轮轴分开。
根据本发明的另外的实施方式，电机的传动轴相对于连接轴以不同于180°的角度定向，角度传动机构形成用于将传动轴联接至连接轴的减速传动机构。例如，电机的传动轴能够相对于连接轴以直角定向。角度传动机构能够特别地构造为准双曲面传动装置。例如，这使得能够在与构造为前置纵向发动机的内燃发动机相平行的纵向方向上布置电机或者能够关于竖直定向轴线布置电机，这在某些应用情况下是有利的。
附图说明
在下文中将参照附图通过示例对本发明进行描述。在附图中：
图1是根据本发明第一实施方式的驱动单元的截面图，
图2是根据本发明第二实施方式的驱动单元的截面图，
图3是根据本发明第三实施方式的驱动单元的截面图，以及
图4是根据本发明第四实施方式的驱动单元的截面图。
具体实施方式
图1所示的用于混合动力车辆的驱动单元包括构造为前置纵向发动机的内燃发动机11，前置纵向发动机布置在车辆的前轮轴12的区域中并且经由传动系（未图示）驱动车辆的后轮轴。在内燃发动机11的下侧设置有贮油槽13。
此外，驱动单元包括具有定子17和转子19的电机15，转子19能够相对于定子17旋转并且固定地座置在电机15的传动轴20上以与传动轴20一起旋转。
前轮轴差速器23具有差速器保持架25，在差速器保持架25上可旋转地安装有锥齿轮27，锥齿轮27与锥齿轮29啮合，锥齿轮29以传动关系联接至左手横向轴30和右手横向轴31。左手横向轴30和右手横向轴31联接至前轮轴12的相应车轮（未图示），结果是能够将引入到差速器保持架25中的驱动功率输出以转速均衡的方式传输至两个前车轮。电机15的传动轴20经由减速传动机构21A和连接轴33联接至前轮轴差速器23的差速器保持架25，因此将电驱动功率输出传输至前轮轴12的车轮。
如从图1明显地看出，电机15和前轮轴差速器23如沿前轮轴12观察地布置在内燃发动机11的相对侧，连接轴33被引导通过设置于贮油槽13中的通道35。如同传动轴20，连接轴33同样构造为中空轴，右手横向轴31被引导通过中空的连接轴33和中空的传动轴20。因此，在图1所示的实施方式中，前轮轴差速器23、连接轴33和电机15同轴地布置。
减速传动机构21A能够使前轮轴差速器23的差速器保持架25的相对于电机15的转子19的旋转减速。根据图1，减速传动机构21A具有两级并且被分成两个单级行星齿轮机构40、41，这两个单级行星齿轮机构40、41沿着前轮轴12布置在内燃发动机11的相对侧。第一、电机侧行星齿轮机构40直接凸缘连接至电机15的端部侧，输入经由直接形成在电机15的传动轴20上的太阳齿轮45而进行。可旋转地安装在行星架47上的行星齿轮49与太阳齿轮45啮合并且与固定内齿轮50啮合，行星架47固定地联接至连接轴33以与连接轴33一起旋转，输出经由行星架47进行。在前轮轴差速器23的区域中，第二、差速器侧行星齿轮机构41的太阳齿轮60直接形成在连接轴33的一端处并且与行星齿轮61啮合，行星齿轮61可旋转地安装在行星架65上并且在固定内齿轮63上滚动。行星架65与前轮轴差速器23的差速器保持架25构造成一体件并且作为第二行星齿轮机构41的输出部。结果，通过位于两个减速级中的一个在另一个后面地连接的两个行星齿轮机构40、41，使差速器保持架25的相对于电机15的转子19的旋转运动减速。
图2至图4示出根据本发明的驱动单元的替代性实施方式，相同的部件配有与根据图1的驱动单元中相同的标记。在根据图3和图4的图示中，为了简化而省去了内燃发动机和贮油槽。
在根据图2的改进中，代替两个单级行星齿轮机构，减速传动机构21B包括单个多阶式行星齿轮机构71。多阶式行星齿轮机构71具有直接形成在连接轴33上的太阳齿轮73、固定内齿轮78、和行星架75，行星架75带有多个可旋转地安装的行星齿轮77，行星齿轮77具有与太阳齿轮73啮合的第一齿接段80和与内齿轮78啮合的第二齿接段81。第一齿接段80具有比第二齿接段81大的直径，结果是，在经由太阳齿轮73输入和通过行星架75输出的情况下，多阶式行星齿轮机构71提供两级式减速传输。因此，理论上能够省去位于电机15侧的一个行星齿轮机构。在该实施方式中，如图所示，电机15的传动轴20能够与连接轴33一体构造。
在根据本发明的驱动单元的图3所示的实施方式中，电机15的传动轴20相对于连接轴33平行地偏置，呈正齿轮组形式的偏置传动装置90设置用于将传动轴20联接至连接轴33。偏置传动装置90包括形成在传动轴20上的输入正齿轮91、与输入正齿轮91啮合的居间正齿轮92、以及与居间正齿轮92啮合并且以传动关系联接至连接轴33的输出正齿轮93。因此，偏置传动装置90形成减速传动机构21C的减速级，单级差速器侧行星齿轮机构41形成第二减速级。可变换离合器95使得能够选择性地将偏置传动装置90的输出正齿轮93联接至连接轴33。结果，根据需要能够使电机15与前轮轴差速器23脱离。
原理上，诸如可变换离合器95之类的分离离合器也能够设置在描述的其余实施方式中。
在根据本发明的驱动单元的图4所示的实施方式中，电机15的传动轴20相对于连接轴33成直角地定向，准双曲面传动装置97设置用于将传动轴20联接至连接轴33。如根据图3的实施方式的偏置传动装置90，准双曲面传动装置97形成减速传动机构21D的减速级，而通过差速器侧单级行星齿轮机构41提供第二减速级。
在描述的所有实施方式中，减速传动机构21A、21B、21C、21D属于两级式构造并因此使相对较高传动比成为可能，结果是电机15能够以比较高的转速运行并因此在预定功率输出的情况下能够具有相应的小尺寸。
附图标记列表
11内燃发动机
12前轮轴
13贮油槽
15电机
17定子
19转子
20传动轴
21A，21B，21C，21D减速传动机构
23前轮轴差速器
25差速器保持架
27锥齿轮
29锥齿轮
30左手横向轴
31右手横向轴
33连接轴
35通道
40第一电机侧行星齿轮机构
41第二差速器侧行星齿轮机构
45第一行星齿轮机构的太阳齿轮
47第一行星齿轮机构的行星架
49第一行星齿轮机构的行星齿轮
50第一行星齿轮机构的内齿轮
60第二行星齿轮机构的太阳齿轮
61第二行星齿轮机构的行星齿轮
63第二行星齿轮机构的内齿轮
65第二行星齿轮机构的行星架
71多阶式行星齿轮机构
73多阶式行星齿轮机构的太阳齿轮
75多阶式行星齿轮机构的行星架
77多阶式行星齿轮机构的行星齿轮
78多阶式行星齿轮机构的内齿轮
80第一齿接段
81第二齿接段
90偏置传动装置
91输入正齿轮
92居间正齿轮
93输出正齿轮
95可变换离合器
97准双曲面传动装置

Claims (16)

1.一种用于具有前轮轴(12)和后轮轴的混合动力车辆的驱动单元，所述驱动单元具有：内燃发动机(11)，所述内燃发动机(11)用于至少驱动所述后轮轴并且布置在所述前轮轴(12)的区域中；电机(15)，所述电机(15)用于驱动所述前轮轴(12)；以及前轮轴差速器(23)，所述前轮轴差速器(23)具有输入构件(25)和两个输出构件(29)，所述输入构件(25)用于接收来自所述电机(15)的驱动功率输出，所述输出构件(29)用于联接至所述前轮轴(12)的相应车轮，所述电机(15)和所述前轮轴差速器(23)沿着所述前轮轴(12)布置在所述内燃发动机(11)的相对侧，并且所述电机(15)经由连接轴(33)以传动关系联接至所述前轮轴差速器(23)的所述输入构件(25)，所述连接轴被引导通过所述内燃发动机(11)的贮油槽(13)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其中，所述连接轴(33)被引导通过设置在所述贮油槽(13)中的通道(35)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其中，所述连接轴(33)构造为中空轴，横向轴(31)被引导通过所述中空轴并且从所述前轮轴差速器(23)的所述输出构件(29)中的一个通向所述前轮轴(12)的相关联的车轮。
4.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其中，所述驱动单元包括离合器(95)，所述离合器用于选择性地使所述电机(15)与所述前轮轴差速器(23)的所述输入构件(25)脱离。
5.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其中，所述电机(15)的传动轴(20)关于所述连接轴(33)同轴地布置并且构造为中空轴。
6.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其中，所述驱动单元包括两级式减速传动机构(21A、21B、21C、21D)，所述两级式减速传动机构(21A、21B、21C、21D)构造用于使所述前轮轴差速器(23)的所述输入构件(25)的相对于所述电机(15)的转子(19)的旋转减速。
7.根据权利要求6所述的驱动单元，其中，所述减速传动机构(21A、21B、21C、21D)包括至少一个行星齿轮机构(40，41，71)，所述至少一个行星齿轮机构(40，41，71)关于所述连接轴(33)同轴并且包括第一构件(45、60、73)、第二构件(47、65、75)以及第三、固定构件(50、63、78)，所述第一构件(45、60、73)用于联接至所述电机(15)，所述第二构件(47、65、75)用于联接至所述前轮轴差速器(23)的所述输入构件(25)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的驱动单元，其中，所述行星齿轮机构(41、71)布置在所述内燃发动机(11)的布置有所述前轮轴差速器(23)的一侧。
9.根据权利要求8所述的驱动单元，其中，所述行星齿轮机构(41、71)的所述第二构件(65、75)与所述前轮轴差速器(23)的所述输入构件(25)构造成一体件。
10.根据权利要求7所述的驱动单元，其中，所述行星齿轮机构(71)包括太阳齿轮(73)、内齿轮(78)和行星架(75)，所述行星架(75)带有多个可旋转地安装的行星齿轮(77)，所述行星齿轮(77)具有与所述太阳齿轮(73)啮合的第一齿接段(80)和与所述内齿轮(78)啮合的第二齿接段(81)，所述第一齿接段(80)具有比所述第二齿接段(81)大的直径。
11.根据权利要求7所述的驱动单元，其中，所述减速传动机构(21A)包括两个单级行星齿轮机构(40、41)，所述两个单级行星齿轮机构(40、41)布置在所述内燃发动机(11)的相对侧并且形成一个在另一个后面地连接的减速传动机构。
12.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其中，所述电机(15)的传动轴(20)相对于所述连接轴(33)平行地偏置，并且偏置传动装置(90)形成用于将所述传动轴(20)联接至所述连接轴(33)的减速传动机构。
13.根据权利要求12所述的驱动单元，其中，所述偏置传动装置(90)包括正齿轮组，所述正齿轮组具有联接或能够联接至所述电机(15)的至少一个输入正齿轮(91)以及联接或能够联接至所述连接轴(33)的输出正齿轮(93)。
14.根据权利要求13所述的驱动单元，其中，所述偏置传动装置(90)的所述输入正齿轮(91)和所述输出正齿轮(93)与至少一个居间正齿轮(92)啮合。
15.根据权利要求13所述的驱动单元，其中，所述驱动单元包括可变换离合器(95)，以便将所述偏置传动装置(90)的所述输出正齿轮(93)选择性地联接至所述连接轴(33)。
16.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其中，所述电机(15)的传动轴(20)相对于所述连接轴(33)以不同于180°的角度定向，并且角度传动机构(97)形成用于将所述传动轴(20)联接至所述连接轴(33)的减速传动机构。
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