CN103618138B - Miniaturized differential microstrip antenna - Google Patents
Miniaturized differential microstrip antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN103618138B CN103618138B CN201310691750.3A CN201310691750A CN103618138B CN 103618138 B CN103618138 B CN 103618138B CN 201310691750 A CN201310691750 A CN 201310691750A CN 103618138 B CN103618138 B CN 103618138B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a compact and full integration design of a radio-frequency front end in a wireless communication system, in particular relates to a miniaturized differential microstrip antenna, and solves the technical problems of relatively narrow bandwidth and relatively high difficulty of full integration of a radio-frequency front end of an existing microstrip antenna. The miniaturized differential microstrip antenna comprises a rectangular radiation patch, a second substrate and a grounding plate which are stacked in sequence from the top to the bottom, wherein two feed holes are formed in the rectangular radiation patch, are formed in a central line of the rectangular radiation patch and are symmetrical with respect to a central point of the rectangular radiation patch; a pair of U-shaped seam groups symmetrical with respect to the central line in which the feed holes are formed are arranged on the rectangular radiation patch. According to the miniaturized differential microstrip antenna, the distance between a coating metamaterial and the microstrip antenna is adjusted, so that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is improved, the radiation performance of the antenna is enhanced, and the integration level and the miniaturization level of the radio-frequency front end are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to compact, the fully integrated design of radio-frequency front-end in wireless communication system, be specially a kind of miniaturized differential microstrip antenna.
Background technology
The develop rapidly of wireless communication technology, facilitates the design main flow that compact, fully integrated radio frequency front-end product becomes wireless communication system.Because balancing circuitry can crosstalk reduction greatly, radio-frequency front-end adopts differential technique usually.At present, except antenna, most of radio-frequency front-end can be integrated into transponder chip, greatly reduces the number of discrete component, reduces the cost of wireless device.Antenna is as one of the critical component of radio-frequency front-end, most of Antenna Design is one port devices, in order to solve the integrated of single port antenna and radio-frequency front-end, usually adopt Ba Lun (balun) that differential signal is converted to feed-in single port antenna after single-ended signal.But the use of Ba Lun can cause radio-frequency front-end loss, reduce system effectiveness, solution that neither be fully integrated.Differential antennae changes traditional single port method for designing, is designed to dual-port antenna, directly differential signal is fed into two ports of antenna, provides effective solution for designing high integrated radio-frequency front-end.
Microstrip antenna adds conductor sheet formation with the medium substrate of conductor ground plate pastes overleaf, conductor sheet normally has the bin (as rectangle, circle, triangle etc.) of regular shape, and its feeding classification is divided into feed microstrip line, coaxial feed, coplanar wave guide feedback, close to couple feed and aperture-coupled feed five class.Under microstrip antenna alive excitation outside, between paster and ground plate, encourage radio frequency electromagnetic field, and by the gap between paster surrounding and ground plate to external radiation.Compared with ordinary antennas, volume is little, lightweight, section is low, cost is low owing to having for microstrip antenna, easy batch production, easily and the advantage such as microstripline is integrated, obtain applying more and more widely, comprise Radar Technology, space science, biomedical sector and various wireless communication system.
Differential microstrip antenna is the same with single port microstrip antenna, and impedance bandwidth is narrower, usually only has 0.6% ~ 3%, and the bandwidth performance of especially miniaturized differential microstrip antenna is lower, can not meet the demand of radio communication far away.The broadened bandwidth method of existing single port microstrip antenna mainly contains following several: the methods such as additional stray paster, additional impedance matching network, loading lamped element, loading gap and employing electromagnetic bandgap structure (or photonic band gap structure).Due to the symmetry of differential microstrip antenna structure, many broadened bandwidth methods of single port microstrip antenna are very not remarkable to differential microstrip antenna effect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves the technical problem that current microstrip antenna bandwidth is narrower, the fully integrated difficulty of radio-frequency front-end is larger, provides a kind of miniaturized differential microstrip antenna.
The present invention realizes by the following technical solutions: a kind of miniaturized differential microstrip antenna, comprises the rectangular radiation patch, second substrate and the ground plate that stack gradually from top to bottom; Rectangular radiation patch has two power feed hole, on the center line that described two power feed hole are positioned at rectangular radiation patch and two power feed hole about the central point of rectangular radiation patch; Rectangular radiation patch also has the pair of U-shaped gap group about power feed hole place center line symmetry; Described U-shaped gap group comprise an opening just to the outer U-shaped gap of power feed hole line and be positioned at outer U-shaped gap opening and opening equally just to power feed hole line U-shaped gap.
Miniaturized differential microstrip antenna of the present invention adopts coaxial feed, and power feed hole is in distributing point.Rectangular radiation patch loads the miniaturization that U-shaped gap achieves antenna.Usually, the size of rectangular patch antenna is about 1/2 guide wavelength, and in the present invention, the selection of rectangular radiation patch size makes it be operated in higher than required frequency.Rectangular radiation patch has four U-shaped gaps, changes the current path on paster, and encouraged one of paster antenna comparatively low resonant frequency, the size optimizing U-shaped gap by electromagnetic simulation software CST, makes paster antenna be operated in required frequency.Therefore, the operating frequency of miniaturized differential microstrip antenna is determined by the size in four U-shaped gaps and the size of paster.Theoretically, as long as have the frequency that gap can reduce antenna in radiation patch, those skilled in the art, by electromagnetic simulation software CST, easily can determine the gap size under required operating frequency by the l-G simulation test of limited number of time; The present invention selects U-shaped gap and makes four U-shaped gaps about central point, can pass more readily and select gap size and patch size to obtain required frequency.As shown in Figure 2.
Further, the top being positioned at rectangular radiation patch is also comprised and the split ring resonator array, first substrate and the array of metal lines that stack gradually from top to bottom; Described array of metal lines is positioned at the top of rectangular radiation patch; Split ring resonator array comprises 16 split ring resonators, and metallic wire array is classified as four metal wires be parallel to each other and spacing between adjacent wires is identical; Every metal line is all perpendicular with power feed hole place center line; Described split ring resonator array and array of metal lines are etched in upper surface and the lower surface of first substrate respectively; 16 split ring resonators are divided into four row, often row four layout; Each split ring resonator includes an outer shroud and is positioned at an inner ring of outer shroud, and described outer shroud and inner ring are equipped with an opening and two opposing settings of opening; The all corresponding row split ring resonator of described every metal line; The open centre line of the inner and outer ring of described often row four split ring resonators all with its corresponding metal wire is positioned on same perpendicular.
Split ring resonator array, first substrate and array of metal lines form Meta Materials.Meta Materials (metamaterials, MMs) be a kind of novel synthetic material, its macroscopical electromagnetic property determines primarily of dielectric constant and magnetic permeability, different from natural generic media, the dielectric constant of Meta Materials and magnetic permeability are all dispersions, thus the Strange properties shown not available for nature conventional media, as physical phenomenons such as negative refraction, abnormal Doppler effect, perfect lens, engineer applied shows the superperformance that many generic media are difficult to have.With conventional media unlike, the odd number solution of Meta Materials and function depend primarily on the microstructure unit of its inner manual construction, have nothing to do with material composition, when the size of microstructure unit (split ring resonator and metal wire) is much smaller than electromagnetic wavelength, Meta Materials can be equivalent to a kind of uniform artificial dielectric.The research of Meta Materials becomes electromagnetism educational circles noticeable Disciplinary Frontiers, shows application prospect widely in fields such as mobile communication, radar, microelectronics, medical science.
Split ring resonator array is made up of 4 × 4 split ring resonators of periodic arrangement, and 16 split ring resonators are divided into four row, often row four setting; Split ring resonator is etched in the upper surface of first substrate; Array of metal lines is etched in the lower surface of first substrate.The dispersion dielectric constant of Meta Materials and magnetic permeability performance zones are determined by the size of split ring resonator and metal wire, and the size of split ring resonator and the relation of operating frequency are known for those skilled in the art.Described split ring resonator can have various structures for you to choose.
Further, the outer shroud of described split ring resonator comprises and being parallel to each other for a pair and the outer rectangle be oppositely arranged with long limit, and described long limit is parallel to metal wire; The equal opening in middle part on the long limit that two outer rectangles are relative; Be connected by upper level section between the upper end of outer rectangular aperture; The inner ring of described split ring resonator comprises the interior rectangle of pair of parallel setting; Each interior rectangle is all positioned at an outer rectangle inside, and equal opening in the middle part of the long limit that in two, rectangle is relative and this opening are between outer rectangular aperture; The equal level in upper end of two interior rectangular apertures extends to form extension in opposite directions, has interval between two extensions; The bottom of interior rectangle relative edge opening is connected by lower horizontal.As shown in Figure 4.
In order to reduce the volume of radio-frequency front-end, improve integrated level and the degree of miniaturization of radio-frequency front-end, split ring resonator of the present invention is designed to the structure be roughly square, as can be seen from Figure 4, the generation type of the inner and outer ring of described split ring resonator is equivalent to the horizontal branch of the inner and outer ring of square aperture resonant ring that (the upper horizontal branch of outer shroud is through four 90 degree of bendings through repeatedly 90 degree of bendings, lower horizontal branch is through twice 90 degree of bendings, two horizontal branch of inner ring are all through four 90 degree of bendings), and make the bending part of two horizontal branch (the corresponding inner ring opening of upper level section relatively when placing, the corresponding outer ring opening of lower horizontal), define the dumb-bell shape split ring of novel structure.Each bending part size obtains by electromagnetic simulation software CST optimization.Meta Materials is carried in the top of miniaturized differential microstrip antenna (i.e. rectangular radiation patch, second substrate and ground plate) as the coating of antenna, by regulating the distance between Meta Materials and microstrip antenna, the new resonance frequency that Meta Materials has been encouraged, close to the operating frequency of antenna, reaches the object of the broadening beamwidth of antenna.Those skilled in the art regulate the distance between Meta Materials and microstrip antenna by electromagnetic simulation software CST, can easily make Meta Materials encourage required resonance frequency by the l-G simulation test of limited number of time.Spacing between first substrate and second substrate is by being arranged on plastic foam on substrate four angles or screw support realizes.
In sum, the working band of miniaturized differential microstrip antenna of the present invention realizes miniaturized microstrip antenna by adopting gap loading technique and jointly determines as the Meta Materials of antenna coating.
Compared with traditional single port microstrip antenna, miniaturized differential microstrip antenna of the present invention, adopts differential feed mode, improves the integrated level of radio-frequency front-end; Utilize the miniaturization realizing antenna in the method in radiation patch etching U-shaped gap, reduce the volume of radio-frequency front-end; By the impedance bandwidth regulating the distance between coating Meta Materials and microstrip antenna to improve antenna, improve the radiance of antenna simultaneously.The present invention is highly suitable for wireless communication system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of miniaturized differential microstrip antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the plane graph of the rectangular radiation patch of miniaturized differential microstrip antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the plane graph of the split ring resonator array of miniaturized differential microstrip antenna of the present invention.
The plane graph of the split ring resonator of Fig. 4 miniaturized differential microstrip antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the plane graph of the array of metal lines of miniaturized differential microstrip antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the S of miniaturized differential microstrip antenna of the present invention when not loading Meta Materials and load Meta Materials
11curve.
Fig. 7 is the antenna pattern of miniaturized differential microstrip antenna of the present invention when not loading Meta Materials and load Meta Materials.
Fig. 8 is the gain curve of miniaturized differential microstrip antenna of the present invention when not loading Meta Materials and load Meta Materials.
1
-rectangular radiation patch, 2-second substrate, 3-ground plate, 4-power feed hole, the outer U-shaped gap of 5-, U-shaped gap in 6-, 7-first substrate, 8-split ring resonator, 9-metal wire, 10-outer shroud, 11-inner ring, 12-upper level section, 13-extension, 14-lower horizontal.
Embodiment
A kind of miniaturized differential microstrip antenna, comprises the rectangular radiation patch 1, second substrate 2 and the ground plate 3 that stack gradually from top to bottom; Rectangular radiation patch 1 has two power feed hole 4, on the center line that described two power feed hole 4 are positioned at rectangular radiation patch 1 and two power feed hole 4 about the central point of rectangular radiation patch 1; Rectangular radiation patch 1 also has the pair of U-shaped gap group about power feed hole 4 place center line symmetry; Described U-shaped gap group comprise an opening just to the outer U-shaped gap 5 of power feed hole 4 line and be positioned at outer U-shaped gap 5 opening and opening equally just to power feed hole 4 line U-shaped gap 6.
Also comprise the top and the split ring resonator array stacked gradually from top to bottom, first substrate 7 and array of metal lines that are positioned at rectangular radiation patch 1; Described array of metal lines is positioned at the top of rectangular radiation patch 1; Split ring resonator array comprises 16 split ring resonators 8, and metallic wire array is classified as four metal wires be parallel to each other 9 and spacing between adjacent wires 9 is identical; Every metal line 9 is all perpendicular with power feed hole 4 place center line; Described split ring resonator array and array of metal lines are etched in upper surface and the lower surface of first substrate respectively; 16 split ring resonators 8 are divided into four row, often row four layout; Each split ring resonator 8 includes an outer shroud 10 and is positioned at an inner ring 11 of outer shroud 10, and described outer shroud 10 and inner ring 11 are equipped with an opening and two opposing settings of opening; The all corresponding row split ring resonator 8 of described every metal line 9; The open centre line of the inner and outer ring of described often row four split ring resonators 8 all with its corresponding metal wire 9 is positioned on same perpendicular.
The outer shroud 10 of described split ring resonator 8 comprises and being parallel to each other for a pair and the outer rectangle be oppositely arranged with long limit, and the long limit of described outer rectangle is parallel to metal wire 9; The equal opening in middle part on the long limit that two outer rectangles are relative; Be connected by upper level section 12 between the upper end of opening; The inner ring of described split ring resonator 8 comprises the interior rectangle of pair of parallel setting; Each interior rectangle is all positioned at an outer rectangle inside, and equal opening in the middle part of the long limit that in two, rectangle is relative and this opening are between outer rectangular aperture; The equal level in upper end of two interior rectangular apertures extends to form between extension 13,13, two, extension in opposite directions interval; The bottom of interior rectangle relative edge opening is connected by lower horizontal 14.
Distance between described Meta Materials and miniaturized differential microstrip antenna directly affects the new resonance frequency that Meta Materials has encouraged, and then affects the bandwidth performance of antenna.When the operating frequency of miniaturized differential microstrip antenna of the present invention is 3.5GHz, metal line-width as the dumb-bell shape split ring resonator 8 of split ring resonator array element is 0.25mm, opened gap is 0.5mm, outer shroud 10 horizontal branch length is 7.8mm, vertical branch's length is 5.2mm, inner ring 11 horizontal branch length is 6.48mm, and vertical branch's length is 3.86mm, and the spacing between adjacent apertures resonant ring center is 5.84mm; The length of metal wire 9 is 23mm, and width is 0.25mm, and the column pitch of array of metal lines is consistent with the column pitch at the center of split ring resonator array (being all 5.84mm); Long × wide centre being 15mm × 15mm(and being positioned at first substrate of the size of rectangular radiation patch 1), the width in the U-shaped gap on it is 0.9mm, horizontal branch (with the power feed hole place centerline parallel) length in outer U-shaped gap 5 is 8mm, vertical branch's length is 6.8mm, vertical branch's length in interior U-shaped gap 6 is 5.2mm, spacing between inside and outside U-shaped gap is 0.4mm, the diameter of the power feed hole 4 on it is 0.6mm, be positioned in the horizontal symmetry-line (line of power feed hole) in four U-shaped gaps, and distance patch edges 5.8mm place; The size of ground plate 3 is long × wide is 23mm × 23mm; Meta Materials is positioned at 2.5mm place above the miniaturized differential microstrip antenna that is made up of rectangular radiation patch 1, second substrate 2, ground plate 3.
Figure 6 show operating frequency is the miniaturized differential microstrip antenna of 3.5GHz S when not loading Meta Materials and load Meta Materials
11frequency characteristic, wherein abscissa represents frequency variable, and unit is GHz, and ordinate represents amplitude variations, and unit is dB.At S
11when <-10dB, the relative bandwidth not loading antenna during Meta Materials is 2.4%, and when loading Meta Materials, the relative bandwidth of antenna is 8.3%.
Figure 7 show operating frequency is the miniaturized differential microstrip antenna of 3.5GHz antenna pattern when not loading Meta Materials and load Meta Materials.Compared with situation when not loading Meta Materials, when coating loads Meta Materials, the E face of antenna, H face directional diagram are all significantly improved.
Fig. 8 illustrating operating frequency is the miniaturized differential microstrip antenna of 3.5GHz gain curve when not loading Meta Materials and load Meta Materials.The gain ranging not loading antenna during Meta Materials is-0.77 ~-1.02dBi, and the gain ranging loading antenna during Meta Materials is 2.04 ~ 3.31dBi, and maximum gain improves 2.29dBi.
Compared with the miniaturized differential microstrip antenna not loading Meta Materials, the bandwidth performance based on the miniaturized differential microstrip antenna of Meta Materials improves greatly, and its radiance also improves significantly, and can meet the requirement of radio communication.
Claims (5)
1. a miniaturized differential microstrip antenna, comprises the rectangular radiation patch (1), second substrate (2) and the ground plate (3) that stack gradually from top to bottom; It is characterized in that, rectangular radiation patch (1) has two power feed hole (4), on the center line that described two power feed hole (4) are positioned at rectangular radiation patch (1) and two power feed hole (4) about the central point of rectangular radiation patch (1); Rectangular radiation patch (1) also has the pair of U-shaped gap group about power feed hole (4) place center line symmetry; Described U-shaped gap group comprise an opening just to the outer U-shaped gap (5) of power feed hole (4) line and be positioned at outer U-shaped gap (5) opening and opening equally just to the U-shaped gap (6) of power feed hole (4) line; Also comprise the top and the split ring resonator array stacked gradually from top to bottom, first substrate (7) and array of metal lines that are positioned at rectangular radiation patch (1); Described array of metal lines is positioned at the top of rectangular radiation patch (1); Split ring resonator array comprises 16 split ring resonators (8), and metallic wire array is classified as four metal wires be parallel to each other (9) and spacing between adjacent wires (9) is identical, and every metal line is all perpendicular with power feed hole (4) place center line; Described split ring resonator array and array of metal lines are etched in upper surface and the lower surface of first substrate (7) respectively; 16 split ring resonators (8) are divided into four row, often row four layout; Each split ring resonator (8) includes an outer shroud (10) and is positioned at an inner ring (11) of outer shroud (10), and described outer shroud (10) and inner ring (11) are equipped with an opening and two opposing settings of opening; The all corresponding row split ring resonator (8) of described every metal line (9); The open centre line of the inner and outer ring of described often row four split ring resonators (8) all with its corresponding metal wire (9) is positioned on same perpendicular.
2. miniaturized differential microstrip antenna as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the outer shroud (10) of described split ring resonator (8) comprises and being parallel to each other for a pair and the outer rectangle be oppositely arranged with long limit, and the long limit of described outer rectangle is parallel to metal wire (9); The equal opening in middle part on the long limit that two outer rectangles are relative; Be connected by upper level section (12) between the upper end of opening; The inner ring of described split ring resonator (8) comprises the interior rectangle of pair of parallel setting; Each interior rectangle is all positioned at an outer rectangle inside, and equal opening in the middle part of the long limit that in two, rectangle is relative and this opening are between outer rectangular aperture; The equal level in upper end of two interior rectangular apertures extends to form extension (13) in opposite directions, has interval between two extensions (13); The bottom of interior rectangle relative edge opening is connected by lower horizontal (14).
3. miniaturized differential microstrip antenna as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, the spacing between adjacent apertures resonant ring (8) center is 5.84mm; The length of metal wire (9) is 23mm, and width is 0.25mm.
4. miniaturized differential microstrip antenna as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the operating frequency of described miniaturized differential microstrip antenna is 3.5GHz, the length of rectangular radiation patch (1) × wide is 15mm × 15mm, U-shaped slit width on it is 0.9mm, the horizontal branch length of outer U-shaped gap (5) is 8mm, vertical branch's length is 6.8mm, vertical branch's length of interior U-shaped gap (6) is 5.2mm, the spacing in inside and outside U-shaped gap is 0.4mm, the diameter of power feed hole (4) is 0.6mm, and each power feed hole (4) is 5.8mm with the spacing of the most contiguous patch edges.
5. miniaturized differential microstrip antenna as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, first substrate (7) adopts relative dielectric constant to be 2.2, and thickness is Rogers 5880 dielectric-slab of 0.8mm; Second substrate (2) adopts relative dielectric constant to be 4.4, and thickness is the FR4 dielectric-slab of 1.6mm; First substrate (7) is positioned at 2.5mm place, second substrate (2) top.
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| CN201310691750.3A CN103618138B (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2013-12-17 | Miniaturized differential microstrip antenna |
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| CN201310691750.3A CN103618138B (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2013-12-17 | Miniaturized differential microstrip antenna |
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| CN104485514B (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2017-10-17 | 山西大学 | A kind of low dispersion negative refractive index material of wide-band |
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| WO2018021973A2 (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-02-01 | Nanyang Technological University | Metamaterial split ring resonator, metamaterial split ring resonator array and energy harvesting apparatus |
| CN112366458B (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2022-03-01 | 安徽工程大学 | Metamaterial-based low-profile gradient refractive index lens |
| CN113097742B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-06-28 | 宁波大学 | Waveguide array antenna based on rotary radiation groove |
| CN114464998B (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2024-03-12 | 安徽大学 | Millimeter wave double-split-ring slot antenna fed by coplanar waveguide |
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