CN103618138A - Miniaturized differential microstrip antenna - Google Patents
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- CN103618138A CN103618138A CN201310691750.3A CN201310691750A CN103618138A CN 103618138 A CN103618138 A CN 103618138A CN 201310691750 A CN201310691750 A CN 201310691750A CN 103618138 A CN103618138 A CN 103618138A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a compact and full integration design of a radio-frequency front end in a wireless communication system, in particular relates to a miniaturized differential microstrip antenna, and solves the technical problems of relatively narrow bandwidth and relatively high difficulty of full integration of a radio-frequency front end of an existing microstrip antenna. The miniaturized differential microstrip antenna comprises a rectangular radiation patch, a second substrate and a grounding plate which are stacked in sequence from the top to the bottom, wherein two feed holes are formed in the rectangular radiation patch, are formed in a central line of the rectangular radiation patch and are symmetrical with respect to a central point of the rectangular radiation patch; a pair of U-shaped seam groups symmetrical with respect to the central line in which the feed holes are formed are arranged on the rectangular radiation patch. According to the miniaturized differential microstrip antenna, the distance between a coating metamaterial and the microstrip antenna is adjusted, so that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is improved, the radiation performance of the antenna is enhanced, and the integration level and the miniaturization level of the radio-frequency front end are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the compactness of radio-frequency front-end in wireless communication system, fully integrated design, be specially a kind of miniaturization differential microstrip antenna.
Background technology
The develop rapidly of wireless communication technology, has promoted the design main flow compact, fully integrated radio frequency front-end product becomes wireless communication system.Due to balancing circuitry crosstalk reduction greatly, radio-frequency front-end adopts differential technique conventionally.At present, except antenna, most of radio-frequency front-ends can be integrated into transponder chip, have greatly reduced the number of discrete component, have reduced the cost of wireless device.Antenna is as one of critical component of radio-frequency front-end, most of Antenna Designs are single port device, in order to solve the integrated of single port antenna and radio-frequency front-end, conventionally adopt Ba Lun (balun) that differential signal is converted to feed-in single port antenna after single-ended signal.But the use of Ba Lun can cause radio-frequency front-end loss, reduce system effectiveness, solution that neither be fully integrated.Differential antennae has changed traditional single port method for designing, is designed to dual-port antenna, directly differential signal is fed into two ports of antenna, for designing high integrated radio-frequency front-end, provides effective solution.
Microstrip antenna is with pasting on the medium substrate of conductor ground plate, to add conductor sheet formation overleaf, conductor sheet normally has the bin (as rectangle, circle, triangle etc.) of regular shape, and its feeding classification is divided into feed microstrip line, coaxial feed, coplanar wave guide feedback, approaches coupling feed and aperture-coupled feed five classes.Under microstrip antenna alive excitation outside, between paster and ground plate, encouraged radio frequency electromagnetic field, and by the gap between paster surrounding and ground plate to external radiation.Compare with common antenna, volume is little, lightweight, section is low, cost is low owing to having for microstrip antenna, easy batch production, easily and the advantage such as microstripline is integrated, obtain applying more and more widely, comprise Radar Technology, space science, biomedical sector and various wireless communication system.
Differential microstrip antenna is the same with single port microstrip antenna, and impedance bandwidth is narrower, conventionally only has 0.6%～3%, and especially the bandwidth performance of miniaturization differential microstrip antenna is lower, can not meet the demand of radio communication far away.The broadened bandwidth method of existing single port microstrip antenna mainly contains following several: the methods such as additional parasitic patch, additional impedance matching network, loading lamped element, loading gap and employing electromagnetic bandgap structure (or photonic band gap structure).Due to the symmetry of differential microstrip antenna structure, many broadened bandwidth methods of single port microstrip antenna are very not remarkable to differential microstrip antenna effect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, for solving the technical problem that current microstrip antenna bandwidth is narrower, the fully integrated difficulty of radio-frequency front-end is larger, provides a kind of miniaturization differential microstrip antenna.
The present invention realizes by the following technical solutions: a kind of miniaturization differential microstrip antenna, comprises the rectangular radiation patch, second substrate and the ground plate that stack gradually from top to bottom; In rectangular radiation patch, have two power feed hole, described two power feed hole be positioned on a center line of rectangular radiation patch and two power feed hole about the central point of rectangular radiation patch; In rectangular radiation patch, also have the pair of U-shaped gap group about power feed hole place center line symmetry; Described U-shaped gap group comprise an opening over against the outer U-shaped gap of power feed hole line and be positioned at outer U-shaped gap opening and opening equally over against the U-shaped gap of power feed hole line.
Miniaturization differential microstrip antenna of the present invention adopts coaxial feed, and power feed hole is in distributing point.Rectangular radiation patch loads the miniaturization that antenna has been realized in U-shaped gap.Conventionally, the size of rectangular patch antenna is about 1/2 guide wavelength, and in the present invention, the selection of rectangular radiation patch size is operated in higher than needed frequency it.Rectangular radiation patch has four U-shaped gaps, has changed the current path on paster, has encouraged one of paster antenna compared with low resonant frequency, and the size of optimizing U-shaped gap by Electromagnetic Simulation software CST, makes paster antenna be operated in required frequency.Therefore, the operating frequency of miniaturization differential microstrip antenna is determined by the size in four U-shaped gaps and the size of paster.Theoretically, as long as have the frequency that gap can reduce antenna in radiation patch, those skilled in the art, by Electromagnetic Simulation software CST, can easily determine the gap size under required operating frequency by the l-G simulation test of limited number of time; The present invention selects U-shaped gap and makes four U-shaped gaps about central point, can be more easily by selecting gap size and patch size to obtain required frequency.As shown in Figure 2.
Further, also comprise split ring resonator array, first substrate and the array of metal lines that is positioned at the top of rectangular radiation patch and stacks gradually from top to bottom; Described array of metal lines is positioned at the top of rectangular radiation patch; Split ring resonator array comprises 16 split ring resonators, metallic wire array classify four metal wires that are parallel to each other as and the spacing between adjacent wires identical; Every metal line is all perpendicular with power feed hole place center line; Described split ring resonator array and array of metal lines are etched in respectively upper surface and the lower surface of first substrate; 16 split ring resonators are divided into four row, four layouts of every row; The ring that each split ring resonator includes an outer shroud and is positioned at outer shroud, described outer shroud and interior ring are equipped with an opening and two opposing settings of opening; Described every metal line is a corresponding row split ring resonator all; The open centre line of the inner and outer ring of four split ring resonators of described every row all with its corresponding metal wire is positioned on same perpendicular.
Split ring resonator array, first substrate and array of metal lines form super material.Super material (metamaterials, MMs) be a kind of novel synthetic material, its macroscopical electromagnetic property is mainly determined by dielectric constant and magnetic permeability, different from natural generic media, the dielectric constant of super material and magnetic permeability are all dispersions, thereby show the not available Strange properties of nature conventional media, as physical phenomenons such as negative refraction, abnormal Doppler effect, perfect lens, in engineering application, show the superperformance that many generic media are difficult to have.Different from conventional media is, the microstructure unit that the peculiar character of super material and function depend primarily on its inner manual construction, irrelevant with material composition, when the size of microstructure unit (split ring resonator and metal wire) is during much smaller than electromagnetic wavelength, super material can be equivalent to a kind of uniform artificial dielectric.The research of super material becomes noticeable Disciplinary Frontiers of electromagnetism educational circles, in fields such as mobile communication, radar, microelectronics, medical science, shows application prospect widely.
Split ring resonator array is comprised of 4 * 4 split ring resonators of periodic arrangement, and 16 split ring resonators are divided into four row, four settings of every row; Split ring resonator is etched in the upper surface of first substrate; Array of metal lines is etched in the lower surface of first substrate.The dispersion dielectric constant of super material and magnetic permeability performance zones determine by the size of split ring resonator and metal wire, and the size of split ring resonator and the relation of operating frequency are known for those skilled in the art.Described split ring resonator can have various structures for you to choose.
Further, the outer shroud of described split ring resonator comprises a pair of outer rectangle that is parallel to each other and is oppositely arranged to grow limit, and described long limit is parallel to metal wire; The equal opening in middle part on the long limit that two outer rectangles are relative; Between the upper end of outer rectangular aperture, by upper level section, be connected; The interior ring of described split ring resonator comprises the interior rectangle that pair of parallel arranges; It is inner that in each, rectangle is all positioned at an outer rectangle, and the equal opening in middle part, long limit that two interior rectangles are relative and this opening are between outer rectangular aperture; The equal level in upper end of two interior rectangular apertures extends to form between ，Liang Ge extension, extension in opposite directions interval; The bottom of interior rectangle relative edge opening is connected by lower horizontal.As shown in Figure 4.
In order to reduce the volume of radio-frequency front-end, improve integrated level and the degree of miniaturization of radio-frequency front-end, the structure that split ring resonator of the present invention is designed to roughly be square, as can be seen from Figure 4, the generation type of the inner and outer ring of described split ring resonator is equivalent to that (the upper horizontal branch of outer shroud is through four times 90 degree bendings through repeatedly 90 degree bendings by the horizontal branch of the inner and outer ring of square aperture resonant ring, lower horizontal branch is through twice 90 degree bendings, two horizontal branch of interior ring are all through four times 90 degree bendings), and while placing, make the bending part of two horizontal branch relatively (in upper level section correspondence, encircle opening, the corresponding outer ring opening of lower horizontal), formed the dumb-bell shape split ring of novel structure.Each bending part size can be optimized and be obtained by Electromagnetic Simulation software CST.Super material is carried in the top of miniaturization differential microstrip antenna (being rectangular radiation patch, second substrate and ground plate) as the coating of antenna, by regulating the distance between super material and microstrip antenna, make new resonance frequency that super material has encouraged approach the operating frequency of antenna, reach the object of the broadening beamwidth of antenna.Those skilled in the art regulate the distance between super material and microstrip antenna by Electromagnetic Simulation software CST, and the l-G simulation test by limited number of time can easily make super material encourage required resonance frequency.Spacing between first substrate and second substrate supports to realize by plastic foam or the screw being arranged on four angles of substrate.
In sum, the working band of miniaturization differential microstrip antenna of the present invention is by adopting gap loading technique realize the microstrip antenna of miniaturization and jointly determine as the super material of antenna coating.
Compare with traditional single port microstrip antenna, miniaturization differential microstrip antenna of the present invention, adopts differential feed mode, has improved the integrated level of radio-frequency front-end; The method of utilization in radiation patch etching U-shaped gap realizes the miniaturization of antenna, reduced the volume of radio-frequency front-end; By the distance between the adjusting super material of coating and microstrip antenna, improve the impedance bandwidth of antenna, improve the radiance of antenna simultaneously.The present invention is highly suitable for wireless communication system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of miniaturization differential microstrip antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the plane graph of the rectangular radiation patch of miniaturization differential microstrip antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the plane graph of the split ring resonator array of miniaturization differential microstrip antenna of the present invention.
The plane graph of the split ring resonator of Fig. 4 miniaturization differential microstrip antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the plane graph of the array of metal lines of miniaturization differential microstrip antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the S of miniaturization differential microstrip antenna of the present invention when not loading super material and loading super material
11curve.
Fig. 7 is the antenna pattern of miniaturization differential microstrip antenna of the present invention when not loading super material and loading super material.
Fig. 8 is the gain curve of miniaturization differential microstrip antenna of the present invention when not loading super material and loading super material.
1
-rectangular radiation patch, 2-second substrate, 3-ground plate, 4-power feed hole, the outer U-shaped of 5-gap, U-shaped gap in 6-, 7-first substrate, 8-split ring resonator, 9-metal wire, 10-outer shroud, ring in 11-, 12-upper level section, 13-extension, 14-lower horizontal.
Embodiment
A miniaturization differential microstrip antenna, comprises the rectangular radiation patch 1, second substrate 2 and the ground plate 3 that stack gradually from top to bottom; In rectangular radiation patch 1, have two power feed hole 4, described two power feed hole 4 be positioned on a center line of rectangular radiation patch 1 and two power feed hole 4 about the central point of rectangular radiation patch 1; In rectangular radiation patch 1, also have the pair of U-shaped gap group about power feed hole 4 place center line symmetries; Described U-shaped gap group comprise an opening over against the outer U-shaped gap 5 of power feed hole 4 lines and be positioned at outer U-shaped gap 5 openings and opening equally over against the U-shaped gap 6 of power feed hole 4 lines.
Also comprise the split ring resonator array, first substrate 7 and the array of metal lines that are positioned at the top of rectangular radiation patch 1 and stack gradually from top to bottom; Described array of metal lines is positioned at the top of rectangular radiation patch 1; Split ring resonator array comprises 16 split ring resonators 8, and the spacing that metallic wire array is classified as between four metal wires that are parallel to each other 9 and adjacent wires 9 is identical; Every metal line 9 is all perpendicular with power feed hole 4 place center lines; Described split ring resonator array and array of metal lines are etched in respectively upper surface and the lower surface of first substrate; 16 split ring resonators 8 are divided into four row, four layouts of every row; Each split ring resonator 8 includes an outer shroud 10 and is positioned at of outer shroud 10 and encircles 11, and described outer shroud 10 and interior ring 11 are equipped with an opening and two opposing settings of opening; Described every metal line 9 is a corresponding row split ring resonator 8 all; The open centre line of the inner and outer ring of four split ring resonators 8 of described every row all with its corresponding metal wire 9 is positioned on same perpendicular.
The outer shroud 10 of described split ring resonator 8 comprises a pair of outer rectangle that is parallel to each other and is oppositely arranged to grow limit, and the long limit of described outer rectangle is parallel to metal wire 9; The equal opening in middle part on the long limit that two outer rectangles are relative; Between the upper end of opening, by upper level section 12, be connected; The interior ring of described split ring resonator 8 comprises the interior rectangle that pair of parallel arranges; It is inner that in each, rectangle is all positioned at an outer rectangle, and the equal opening in middle part, long limit that two interior rectangles are relative and this opening are between outer rectangular aperture; The equal level in upper end of two interior rectangular apertures extends to form between extension 13,13, two of extensions in opposite directions interval; The bottom of interior rectangle relative edge opening is connected by lower horizontal 14.
Described super material and the distance between miniaturization differential microstrip antenna directly affect the new resonance frequency that super material has encouraged, and then affect the bandwidth performance of antenna.When the operating frequency of miniaturization differential microstrip antenna of the present invention is 3.5GHz, metal line-width as the dumb-bell shape split ring resonator 8 of split ring resonator array element is 0.25mm, opened gap is 0.5mm, outer shroud 10 horizontal branch length are 7.8mm, vertical branch's length is 5.2mm, interior ring 11 horizontal branch length are 6.48mm, and vertical branch's length is 3.86mm, and the spacing between adjacent apertures resonant ring center is 5.84mm; The length of metal wire 9 is 23mm, and width is 0.25mm, the column pitch of array of metal lines consistent with the column pitch at the center of split ring resonator array (being all 5.84mm); Grow * wide 15mm * the 15mm(of being of the size of rectangular radiation patch 1 is positioned at the centre of first substrate), the width in the U-shaped gap on it is 0.9mm, the horizontal branch in outer U-shaped gap 5 (parallel with power feed hole place center line) length is 8mm, vertical branch's length is 6.8mm, vertical branch's length in interior U-shaped gap 6 is 5.2mm, spacing between inside and outside U-shaped gap is 0.4mm, the diameter of the power feed hole 4 on it is 0.6mm, the horizontal symmetry-line (line of power feed hole) that is positioned at four U-shaped gaps is upper, and apart from patch edges 5.8mm place; The size of ground plate 3 is long * wide is 23mm * 23mm; Super material is positioned at the 2.5mm place, miniaturization differential microstrip antenna top being comprised of rectangular radiation patch 1, second substrate 2, ground plate 3.
It is the miniaturization differential microstrip antenna of 3.5GHz S when not loading super material and loading super material that accompanying drawing 6 shows operating frequency
11frequency characteristic, wherein abscissa represents frequency variable, unit is GHz, ordinate represents amplitude variable, unit is dB.At S
11in the situation of <-10dB, while not loading super material, the relative bandwidth of antenna is 2.4%, and the relative bandwidth of antenna is 8.3% while loading super material.
It is the miniaturization differential microstrip antenna of the 3.5GHz antenna pattern when not loading super material and loading super material that accompanying drawing 7 shows operating frequency.Situation when not loading super material is compared, and when coating loads super material, E face, the H face directional diagram of antenna are all significantly improved.
It is the miniaturization differential microstrip antenna of the 3.5GHz gain curve when not loading super material and loading super material that accompanying drawing 8 shows operating frequency.While not loading super material, the gain ranging of antenna is-0.77～-1.02dBi, and while loading super material, the gain ranging of antenna is 2.04～3.31dBi, and maximum gain has improved 2.29dBi.
Compare with the miniaturization differential microstrip antenna that does not load super material, the bandwidth performance of the miniaturization differential microstrip antenna based on super material improves greatly, and its radiance also improves significantly, and can meet the requirement of radio communication.
Claims (6)
1. a miniaturization differential microstrip antenna, comprises the rectangular radiation patch (1), second substrate (2) and the ground plate (3) that stack gradually from top to bottom; It is characterized in that, in rectangular radiation patch (1), have two power feed hole (4), described two power feed hole (4) be positioned on a center line of rectangular radiation patch (1) and two power feed hole (4) about the central point of rectangular radiation patch (1); In rectangular radiation patch (1), also have the pair of U-shaped gap group about power feed hole (4) place center line symmetry; Described U-shaped gap group comprise an opening over against the outer U-shaped gap (5) of power feed hole (4) line and be positioned at outer U-shaped gap (5) opening and opening equally over against the U-shaped gap (6) of power feed hole (4) line.
2. miniaturization differential microstrip antenna as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises and is positioned at the top of rectangular radiation patch (1) and the split ring resonator array stacking gradually from top to bottom, first substrate (7) and array of metal lines; Described array of metal lines is positioned at the top of rectangular radiation patch (1); Split ring resonator array comprises 16 split ring resonators (8), and the spacing that metallic wire array is classified as between four metal wires that are parallel to each other (9) and adjacent wires (9) is identical, and every metal line is all perpendicular with power feed hole (4) place center line; Described split ring resonator array and array of metal lines are etched in respectively upper surface and the lower surface of first substrate (7); 16 split ring resonators (8) are divided into four row, four layouts of every row; The ring (11) that each split ring resonator (8) includes an outer shroud (10) and is positioned at outer shroud (10), described outer shroud (10) and interior ring (11) are equipped with an opening and two opposing settings of opening; Described every metal line (9) is a corresponding row split ring resonator (8) all; The open centre line of the inner and outer ring of four split ring resonators of described every row (8) all with its corresponding metal wire (9) is positioned on same perpendicular.
3. miniaturization differential microstrip antenna as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the outer shroud (10) of described split ring resonator (8) comprises a pair of outer rectangle that is parallel to each other and is oppositely arranged to grow limit, and the long limit of described outer rectangle is parallel to metal wire (9); The equal opening in middle part on the long limit that two outer rectangles are relative; Between the upper end of opening, by upper level section (12), be connected; The interior ring of described split ring resonator (8) comprises the interior rectangle that pair of parallel arranges; It is inner that in each, rectangle is all positioned at an outer rectangle, and the equal opening in middle part, long limit that two interior rectangles are relative and this opening are between outer rectangular aperture; The equal level in upper end of two interior rectangular apertures extends to form extension (13) in opposite directions, between two extensions (13), has interval; The bottom of interior rectangle relative edge opening is connected by lower horizontal (14).
4. miniaturization differential microstrip antenna as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, is characterized in that, the spacing between adjacent apertures resonant ring (8) center is 5.84mm; The length of metal wire (9) is 23mm, and width is 0.25mm.
5. miniaturization differential microstrip antenna as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the operating frequency of described miniaturization differential microstrip antenna is 3.5GHz, the length of rectangular radiation patch (1) * wide is 15mm * 15mm, U-shaped slit width on it is 0.9mm, the horizontal branch length in outer U-shaped gap (5) is 8mm, vertical branch's length is 6.8mm, vertical branch's length in interior U-shaped gap (6) is 5.2mm, the spacing in inside and outside U-shaped gap is 0.4mm, the diameter of power feed hole (4) is 0.6mm, each power feed hole (4) is 5.8mm with the spacing of the most contiguous patch edges.
6. miniaturization differential microstrip antenna as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, is characterized in that, it is 2.2 that first substrate (7) adopts relative dielectric constant, Rogers 5880 dielectric-slabs that thickness is 0.8mm; It is 4.4 that second substrate (2) adopts relative dielectric constant, the FR4 dielectric-slab that thickness is 1.6mm; First substrate (7) is positioned at 2.5mm place, second substrate (2) top.
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| CN104485514A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-04-01 | 山西大学 | Wide-frequency-band low-dispersion and negative-refraction material |
| WO2015170951A1 (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2015-11-12 | Universite Mohammed V De Rabat | New design for ultra wideband microwave metamaterials based on split ring resonators for the band 6.5-16.5 ghz |
| CN105789843A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-07-20 | 北京工业大学 | Micro directional antenna based on left-handed materials |
| CN105870619A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-08-17 | 华南理工大学 | Differential filtering microstrip array antenna having high common-mode rejection |
| WO2018021973A3 (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-12-20 | Nanyang Technological University | Metamaterial split ring resonator, metamaterial split ring resonator array and energy harvesting apparatus |
| CN112366458A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-02-12 | 安徽工程大学 | Metamaterial-based low-profile gradient refractive index lens |
| CN113097742A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-07-09 | 宁波大学 | Waveguide array antenna based on rotary radiation groove |
| CN114464998A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-05-10 | 安徽大学 | Millimeter wave double-split ring slot antenna with coplanar waveguide feed |
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| CN104485514A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-04-01 | 山西大学 | Wide-frequency-band low-dispersion and negative-refraction material |
| CN105789843B (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2019-03-22 | 北京工业大学 | Minimized oriented antenna based on left-handed material |
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| CN112366458A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-02-12 | 安徽工程大学 | Metamaterial-based low-profile gradient refractive index lens |
| CN112366458B (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2022-03-01 | 安徽工程大学 | Metamaterial-based low-profile gradient refractive index lens |
| CN113097742A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-07-09 | 宁波大学 | Waveguide array antenna based on rotary radiation groove |
| CN113097742B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-06-28 | 宁波大学 | Waveguide array antenna based on rotary radiation groove |
| CN114464998A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-05-10 | 安徽大学 | Millimeter wave double-split ring slot antenna with coplanar waveguide feed |
| CN114464998B (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2024-03-12 | 安徽大学 | Millimeter wave double-split-ring slot antenna fed by coplanar waveguide |
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