CN103614525A - Preheating-based controllable grinding reinforcing method - Google Patents
Preheating-based controllable grinding reinforcing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103614525A CN103614525A CN201310594582.6A CN201310594582A CN103614525A CN 103614525 A CN103614525 A CN 103614525A CN 201310594582 A CN201310594582 A CN 201310594582A CN 103614525 A CN103614525 A CN 103614525A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preheating-based controllable grinding reinforcing method. The method comprises the steps of acquiring the temperature distribution condition along the workpiece depth direction in the grinding machining process by grinding temperature simulation calculation; secondly, preheating a workpiece by adopting a preheating device to enable a temperature field (the heating temperature is controlled to be within the range of 150-250 DEG C) opposite to the grinding temperature gradient to be formed along the depth direction of the workpiece; meanwhile, grinding the preheated workpiece, enabling the heating temperature of the ground workpiece at a certain depth to be higher than the conversion temperature Ac of material austenite by overlapping grinding heat and preheating, and maintaining the heating temperature to be stable to realize the reinforced ground structure with a controllable depth and a stable structure. The preheating-based controllable grinding reinforcing method has the effects that a technology integrating grinding machining, surface strengthening and low-temperature tempering can be realized; the parameters of the preheating grinding reinforcing technology are controlled, so that the stability, the uniformity and grinding reinforcing depth of the reinforced ground structure are improved, and the industrial application level can be reached; the grinding reinforcing method has the advantages of being energy-saving, environment-friendly, high in efficiency, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to can quenched steel integrated grinding and strengthening process, belongs to Grinding Technology field.
Background technology
Grinding and strengthening technology is to utilize the heat producing in grinding process to make the workpiece surface generation austenitizing that is rapidly heated, and the cooling martensitic transformation of realizing fast, under power and hot coupling, has realized surface strengthening.Grinding skin intensifying technology has carried out two kinds of techniques to grinding process and thermal treatment integrated, has simplified production process, has shortened the process-cycle, has improved the production integrated horizontal of product.Yet the current main deficiency of grinding and strengthening technology is grinding and strengthening layer depth and structure stability is difficult to reach industrial application degree.Generally bear the part of distortion, pressure load and consider that under the requirement of wear resistance and comprehensive mechanical performance, its penetration of hardness is generally between 3～5mm.Pertinent literature shows that general grinding Depth of hardening layer is all less than 1.8mm.Realize the thicker grinding and strengthening degree of depth and must increase grinding depth to realize higher grinding temperature, can cause abrasion of grinding wheel serious on the one hand, grinding surface quality variation increases as residual tension on the other hand, and surfaceness reduces, and has increased the time of subsequent fine manufacturing procedure; Due in Grinding Process, grinding heat is from surface to the quick transmission of inside simultaneously, and workpiece, by showing, to inner larger thermograde and the ununiformity of having, to cause grinding and strengthening layer tissue poor stability, affects the use properties of part; These have all seriously restricted the industrial application of grinding and strengthening technology.Therefore, only have the research of further carrying out grinding and strengthening technology, develop new processing method, obtain efficient working process parameter and could promote grinding and strengthening technology in the practical quick application of China.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of hardenable base steel in the grinding and strengthening method of preheating, realize the grinding and strengthening technique that ground finish, quenching technology and low-temperaturetempering combine.The method can improve grinding and strengthening tissue depth on the one hand, can obtain on the other hand more stable uniform grinding and strengthening tissue, and can eliminate quenching fragility by low-temperaturetempering, realizes the industrial application of grinding and strengthening technology.
The object of the invention is to realize as follows hardenable base steel in the grinding and strengthening method of preheating:
Step 1 obtains the temperature distribution situation in the grinding work piece degree of depth by grinding temperature simulation calculation;
Step 2 is determined workpiece preheating temperature according to Simulation of Grinding temperature distribution and the needed degree of depth of strengthening and workpiece heat transfer property;
Step 3 preheating apparatus preheats and makes workpiece surface form temperature contrary to grinding temperature gradient workpiece district to be ground, and workpiece pre-heating temperature is controlled at 150～250 ℃;
Step 4 is at pre-warmed one-way trip ground finish, thermal source and the workpiece synchronizing moving of carrying out simultaneously.Its grinding and strengthening key process parameter is:
Speed of grinding wheel is: 20m/s～50m/s;
Feed-speed: 1m/min～9m/min;
Grinding depth: 0.1～0.3mm;
Accurate grinding after step 5 cancellation preheating, realizes the technical requirementss such as workpiece size precision and surface quality.
The present invention has following effect: 1, realize ground finish and surface strengthening and low-temperaturetempering integral process, have energy-conserving and environment-protective, the high and low cost and other advantages of efficiency; 2, by preheating grinding and strengthening process parameter control, can improve grinding and strengthening structure stability homogeneity and the grinding and strengthening degree of depth, improve the durability of emery wheel, thereby reach industrial application level.3, the grinding and strengthening New Technologies that improves and developed hardenable steel, further promotes grinding and strengthening practical implementation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the hardenable steel preheating of the present invention grinding and strengthening, the center of circle that in figure, O is emery wheel, and a is grinding depth, v
sthe rotating speed of emery wheel, v
wfor workpiece feeding depth, Q is thermal source.
The principle schematic of the hardenable steel preheating of Fig. 2 grinding and strengthening technology, the heat flow density that enters workpiece when q is ground finish in figure, Ac is material austenite invert point, T workpiece temperature, h is workpiece height, grinding and strengthening degree of depth when h1 is normal temperature grinding, h2 is the grinding and strengthening degree of depth after preheating grinding; Emery wheel contacts camber line on the workpiece of below with workpiece be the distribution level line of workpiece grinding temperature.
Fig. 3 adopts the concrete embodiment of grinding and strengthening technique of conduction heating method, the center of circle that in figure, O is emery wheel, and A is shifting brush and workpiece contact position.
Embodiment
Cardinal principle of the present invention is: utilize emulation to obtain (not have under heating condition) in grinding process on grinding depth temperature distribution situation as curve in Fig. 21, its top temperature is Tmax, thermograde is larger, surpasses material austenite invert point Ac, and now the grinding and strengthening degree of depth is h1.Adopt preheating apparatus (if low-voltage, high-current is to formation loop, workpiece two ends, the warm generating by heating resistor) to preheat workpiece, the temperature distribution of workpiece depth direction is shown in curve 2.Under this condition, workpiece is carried out to ground finish simultaneously, it is that both stack is above as shown in curve 3 that the actual temperature of grinding process distributes, now can see that the highest grinding temperature of grinding skin increases little, and the degree of depth that surpasses material austenite invert point Ac is increased to h2, temperature in degree of depth h2 section keeps a more stable scope as Ac+30～50 ℃ substantially simultaneously, thereby realizes the raising of the degree of depth of grinding and strengthening layer and the stability of tissue.Workpiece, in heat expansion pre-stressed state in grinding process, can make surface obtain residual compressive stress simultaneously; Workpiece waste heat makes the rear process that forms a low-temperaturetempering of workpiece strengthening, eliminates workpiece quenching fragility, improves grinding and strengthening quality.Finally by fine grinding, can remove the surface damage layer that surface high-temp partly causes, realize the technical requirementss such as workpiece size precision and surface quality.
Below by concrete embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 3, what take the hardenable steel of 40Cr preheats grinding and strengthening as example, and 40Cr is one of industrial conventional workpiece material, has higher yield strength and fatigue strength after modified, and good toughness.Its after quenching and tempering for the manufacture of the part that bears high loading, impact and moderate speed's work, as gear, main shaft, slide block, the collar etc.The current main deficiency of grinding and strengthening technology is that grinding and strengthening layer depth and structure stability are difficult to reach industrial application degree.Problem for the existence of the existing grinding and strengthening of 40Cr, adopts grinding and strengthening method of the present invention to carry out ground finish at this.The workpiece size of processing is 100 * 20 * 40 millimeters, follows these steps to successively carry out:
1,, by the grinding force data of existing grinding 40Cr processing, according to emulation, can obtain the temperature distribution of workpiece depth direction.
2, the 40Cr material of required processing is placed on preheating apparatus, by low-voltage, high-current heating means, workpiece is heated, according to workpiece surface temperature and the electrode place temperature of the setting of power parameter and temperature sensor survey, electrode place workpiece is controlled 240 ℃ in temperature.
3, main technical details during ground finish is, speed of grinding wheel 30m/s, and table feed speed is 9m/min, grinding depth is 0.1mm; Emery wheel is corundum sand wheel (diameter 300mm), and granularity is No. 46; The type of cooling: dry grinding, down grinding.
4, fine grinding, realizes the technical requirementss such as workpiece size precision and surface quality.
Claims (4)
1. the preheating grinding and strengthening method to hardenable steel, first can obtain the temperature distribution situation in the grinding work piece degree of depth by grinding temperature simulation calculation, secondly preheating apparatus preheats and makes formation temperature field contrary to grinding temperature gradient on workpiece depth direction workpiece, workpiece on preheating apparatus is placed in and on grinding machine, carries out ground finish simultaneously, utilize grinding heat and preheat stack and realize the degree of depth that temperature on grinding work piece depth direction is greater than materials A c and increase, and on certain depth, temperature keeps stable, thereby realizes controlled grinding and strengthening.
2. the preheating grinding and strengthening method of hardenable steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: by preheating apparatus, workpiece district to be ground preheated, and thermal source and workpiece synchronizing moving.
3. the preheating grinding and strengthening method of hardenable steel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: preheating temperature will determine that temperature distribution and the strengthening needed degree of depth and workpiece heat transfer property determine workpiece preheating temperature according to Simulation of Grinding, and heating and temperature control is between 150～250 ℃.
4. the preheating grinding and strengthening method of hardenable steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: preheating grinding and strengthening key process parameter is:
Adopt one-way trip grinding;
Speed of grinding wheel: 20m/s～50m/s;
Feed-speed: 1m/min～9m/min;
Grinding depth: 0.1～0.3mm;
Emery wheel: corundum or CBN emery wheel, granularity: 46～80#;
The type of cooling: cut-in type dry grinding.
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| CN201310594582.6A CN103614525B (en) | 2013-11-22 | 2013-11-22 | Preheating-based controllable grinding reinforcing method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107617930A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2018-01-23 | 湖南大学 | A kind of grinding and strengthening layer uniformity improves processing method |
| CN109457093A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-03-12 | 河钢股份有限公司 | A kind of technique improving Cr12MoV steel surface intensity |
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| CN101343681A (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2009-01-14 | 江苏力星钢球有限公司 | Steel sphere surface peening technique |
| CN101396807A (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2009-04-01 | 上海大学 | Cam grinding control system and method based on PC and infrared thermal imaging system |
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2013
- 2013-11-22 CN CN201310594582.6A patent/CN103614525B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101343681A (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2009-01-14 | 江苏力星钢球有限公司 | Steel sphere surface peening technique |
| CN101396807A (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2009-04-01 | 上海大学 | Cam grinding control system and method based on PC and infrared thermal imaging system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 黄向明等: "塑性变形在淬硬钢磨削白层形成中的作用机理", 《湖南大学学报（自然科学版）》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107617930A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2018-01-23 | 湖南大学 | A kind of grinding and strengthening layer uniformity improves processing method |
| CN109457093A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-03-12 | 河钢股份有限公司 | A kind of technique improving Cr12MoV steel surface intensity |
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| CN103614525B (en) | 2015-02-25 |
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