CN103614167A - High-temperature dust-removing and coke-removing integrated purifying process of biomass crude gas - Google Patents
High-temperature dust-removing and coke-removing integrated purifying process of biomass crude gas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature dust-removing and coke-removing integrated purifying process of biomass crude gas and provides a new process for high-efficiency purification of biomass high-temperature gas at low cost. The process comprises a high-temperature gas heat exchanger (A), a high-temperature gas purifier (B), a Venturi pulse back-blowing system (C), a gas preheater (D) and an electric-heating insulation system (E), wherein the five sets of equipment operate cooperatively to form a set of complete high-temperature gas purifying integrated device; a filtering medium in the high-temperature gas purifier is a modified ceramic membrane dust-removing pipe. When filtering cakes on the outer surface of the modified dust-removing pipe are deposited to certain thickness, deposited ash can be back-blown into an ash discharging hopper box for collection by the Venturi pulse back-blowing system. The high-temperature dust-removing and coke-removing integrated purifying process disclosed by the invention has the advantages that high-efficiency separation and integrated treatment of ash and coke components in biomass gas are realized; the dust-removing temperature is low so as to be beneficial to reducing the manufacturing cost of the equipment and prolonging the service life; biomass ash side products with commercial value are produced while the high-efficiency purification of the biomass crude gas is realized; the process flow is simple and flexible, the operation is simple, the purification cost is low and the suitability for industrial production is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high-temperature purification of gas technical field, be specifically related to a kind of biomass rough gas high-temperature dust removal decoking integrated purifying technique.
Technical background
Along with the rise of low-carbon economy, become the study hotspot of new energy field by fossil energies such as biomass Substitute coal, Sweet natural gas and oil in recent years, and had important strategic importance, countries in the world all give enough attention.In numerous biomass utilization new technologies, biomass gasification technology is instantly to develop comparatively fast and one of comparatively ripe engineering.Gasifying biomass is one of important channel primary energy source being converted into clean secondary energy, and the main inflammable gas of its product can be also synthetic gas and the contour quality gas of hydrogen through advanced treatment.Biomass gasification technology has a wide range of applications at aspects such as heat supply, electric power and synthetic liquid fuels.But current ubiquitous problem is that gasification always produces a certain amount of tar and carries more thin ash particle, causes gas-purification difficulty, stops up and corrosion pipeline, and can have a strong impact on the steady running of relative combustion equipment.
The methods such as the dedusting of biomass rough gas purification techniques flagship report cyclonic separation, water washing cleaning, material filling type filtration, thermo-cracking and the catalytic pyrolysis reported in document.Cyclonic separation dedusting technology is the simplest, but because the fluctuation of gas production rate in biomass gasifying furnace operational process is larger, thereby is difficult to the dust removing effects that reaches desirable.The most frequently used method is to adopt the combustion gas of simple washing treatment and purification at present, yet due to the existence of tar in a large number in biological fuel gas, in the sewage of washing discharge, contains the objectionable impuritiess such as more phenols and benzene class, can bring comparatively serious pollution problem to environment.Take catalytic pyrolysis or high temperature pyrolysis technology to reduce the tar content in combustion gas abroad more, though catalytic pyrolysis can be removed more than 90% tar, but because the tar in biomass rough gas is mainly the very complicated fused ring compound of composition, catalytic pyrolysis process easily causes nickel-base catalyst coking deactivation, and the application of catalyzer can make biological fuel gas production cost significantly increase.Therefore, above-mentioned technological method all cannot thoroughly be removed ash content and the tar in biomass high-temperature combustion gas, and easily because tar and ash content form secondary pollution.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in order to solve the major defect of existing purification techniques, a kind of novel process of efficient, low-cost bio matter high-temperature fuel gas high-efficient purification is provided.
The ceramic membrane dust removing tube of process using modification of the present invention is realized the high efficiency separation of ash content and tar in combustion gas, and utilizes the rhodium based molecular sieve catalyzer of ceramic membrane outside surface load to realize the efficient catalytic cracking of tar component.Specifically comprise successively following step:
1, assembling high-temperature purification of gas system, comprises (A) high-temperature fuel gas interchanger, (B) high-temperature purification of gas device, (C) Venturi meter pulse cleaning system, (D) gas preheater and (E) electrical heat tracing system; The operation that cooperatively interacts of five complete equipments, forms high-temperature fuel gas integrated purifying device;
Filtration medium in described high-temperature purification of gas device is modified ceramic film dust removing tube.Because the flying dust size in biomass rough gas is very little, its size distribution is 0.1~50.0 μ m, and median size is only 5.0~8.0 μ m; Thereby in actual use, the ceramic membrane dust removing tube of directly buying is easy to be stopped up by the flying dust in thick combustion gas, work-ing life is shorter, is difficult to long-time steady operation.For this reason, the present invention adopt sol-gel method in the surface-coated of ceramic membrane dust removing tube one deck silicon zirconium compound film obtain modified ceramic film dust removing tube.This layer of modified film is smooth and fine and close, can effectively stop the thin ash particle in thick combustion gas, has good filter effect.Its concrete modified technique is as follows: this dust removing tube can adopt the modification of one of following technique:
A, as the coal-tar middle oil content <0.50g/Nm of thick combustion gas
3and while not requiring purifying rear gas tar oil content, preparation GIEC-I type ceramic membrane dust removing tube: take zirconium nitrate and acidic silicasol as raw material, according to SiO
2mass content be 9.0~15.0% ratio is mixed silicon sol and zirconium nitrate, obtain complex sol; Adopt sol-gel method, on the ceramic membrane dust removing tube of purchasing, lift coating thin film, then drying, finally uses program control retort furnace, at 600 ℃, calcines 10h, can form at the outside surface of ceramic membrane dust removing tube one deck densification and stable silicon zirconium compound film;
B or, as the coal-tar middle oil content >0.50g/Nm of thick combustion gas
3and while having relatively high expectations to purifying rear gas tar oil content, preparation GIEC-II type ceramic membrane dust removing tube: in order to increase the catalytic cracking of tar function of ceramic membrane, in the silicon zirconium complex sol that can prepare at employing method A, adding mass content is 10~15% nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve particle, the particle diameter of nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve used is 500nm, silica alumina ratio is 100~200, and on sieve particle load the mass content metal rhodium active ingredient that is 1.0~2.0%; After zirconium complex sol and nano molecular sieve particle are uniformly mixed, then adopt same sol-gel method, can prepare the ceramic membrane dust removing tube of the silicon zirconium compound film modification that contains rhodium based molecular sieve catalyzer;
2, enabling before high-temperature purification of gas device carries out high temperature gas cleaning, as shown in Figure 1, first by gas-preheating system and electrical heat tracing system, the temperature of pipeline and high temperature purification device is controlled at more than 350 ℃, to avoid the condensation of the tar component in combustion gas; By high-temperature fuel gas interchanger, the thick fuel gas temperature of high-temperature purification of gas device import is controlled to 400~600 ℃, and recycles unnecessary heat simultaneously; While carrying out gas sweetening, thick combustion gas is passed into by high-temperature purification of gas device bottom, from the outside surface of modification dust removing tube radially passes through, clean gas upwards flows out from the center of modification dust removing tube, most of dust is deposited on modification dust removing tube outside surface by various capture mechanisms, form gradually filter cake, small portion dust is deposited on modification dust removing tube bottom under the effect of gravity; Tar component in thick combustion gas when the form with gaseous state is by modification dust removing tube, the efficient cracking of the catalyzer of load on the dust removing tube that is modified; Thereby the efficient catalytic of realizing flying dust and tar component in thick combustion gas purifies.
In above-mentioned high temperature purification technique, high-temperature fuel gas, filters through the high-level efficiency of modified ceramic mould material by the outside surface of dust removing tube with the lower flow velocity of 2.0~5.0cm/s, can approach 100% the 0.1 μ m(micron of removing) above dust; Tar component major part in thick combustion gas becomes micro-molecular gas component (being mainly H2, CO, CO2 and CH4 etc.) by catalytic pyrolysis in the process of dust removing tube, after the tar component that small portion has neither part nor lot in reaction enters upper box with gas form, discharges; The steady state operation pressure of hot precipitator is 2500~3500Pa, and steady state operation temperature is 350~600 ℃.
As the coal-tar middle oil content <0.5g/Nm of thick combustion gas
3and while not requiring purifying rear gas tar oil content, recommendation GIEC-I type ceramic membrane dust removing tube; As the coal-tar middle oil content >0.5g/Nm of thick combustion gas
3and while having relatively high expectations to purifying rear gas tar oil content, recommendation GIEC-II type ceramic membrane dust removing tube.The surface tissue of these two kinds of dust removing tubes refers to Fig. 4, all can at high temperature realize the high efficiency separation of ash content and tar components in combustion gas, makes the dust content purifying in rear combustion gas be down to 10.0mg/Nm
3below (the every standard cubic meter of milligram); But GIEC-II type ceramic membrane dust removing tube has catalytic cracking of tar performance concurrently, dust content and the tar content that can guarantee to purify in rear combustion gas are all down to 10.0mg/Nm
3below.
Another step of technique of the present invention is anaerobic pressurized gas back flushing technique:
When the filter cake of modification dust removing tube outside surface is stacked into after certain thickness, the filtration resistance of modification dust removing tube starts remarkable rising, need to open pressurized gas, by back blow port, sprayed into, after Venturi meter supercharging, enter dust removing tube inwall and by radially flowing out, thereby effective elimination is overlying on the dust stratification layer on dust removing tube surface, to realize the continuous operation of equipment.The spacing of back blow port and venturi orifice is 0~3 times of dust removing tube internal diameter, and with 0 times of best results.
In actual production process, by related datas such as on-line monitoring system monitoring pressure and temperature, when dust settling chamber pressure drop (being combustion gas inlet outlet pressure differential) reaches threshold value, the anaerobic pressurized gas that is 0.3~0.6MPa by pressure carries out blowback to dust removing tube, and by the temperature (reaching as high as 450 ℃) of homemade rapidly pre-warming device regulation and control purge gas.Anaerobic pressurized gas used is the non-condensable gas that oxygen content is less than 0.1%, as clean gas after nitrogen, stack gas and purification etc.As the coal-tar middle oil content <0.5g/Nm of thick combustion gas
3time, can use normal temperature compressed blow-back; As the coal-tar middle oil content >0.5g/Nm of thick combustion gas
3shi Bixu adopts high temperature compressed blow-back, and purge gas temperature can not be lower than 350 ℃, otherwise can cause separating out of the coal-tar middle oil component of thick combustion gas, thereby has a strong impact on the steady running of whole plant.
The unnecessary ash content of enrichment on dust removing tube, is collected in ash bucket by the blowback of compression pressurized gas, regularly from ash output hole, discharges; The fine particle biomass ash reclaiming can be sold to the carbon dust processing enterprise that is correlated with, and also can be processed into bio-based carbon fertilizer and sell, and has good commercial value.
The present invention creatively organically combines ceramic membrane high temperature filtration technology and tar high-temperature catalytic cracking technique, realized the high efficiency separation of ash content in biological fuel gas and tar component and close-coupled processing: by modified ceramic film dust removing tube Chalk-dust filtering particle time, utilize the rhodium base nano-HZSM-5 zeolite catalyzer of modified ceramic film area load to realize tar component efficient catalytic cracking at a lower temperature, dust content and the tar content that can guarantee to purify in rear combustion gas are all down to 10.0mg/Nm
3below.Fly-ash separator service temperature is controlled at 350~600 ℃, lower than the technological temperature in existing document, is conducive to reduce device fabrication cost and improves work-ing life.Flying dust and tar content after purifying in combustion gas all can be less than 10mg/Nm
3, and dust purification precision <0.1 μ m.The method is produced the biomass ash by product with commercial value when realizing biomass rough gas high-efficient purification.The method makes biological fuel gas be able to abundant purification, meet the needs of industrial continuous and stable production, technical process is easy and flexible, simple to operate, purify cost lower, the heat in simultaneously also can effective recycling high-temperature fuel gas, turns waste into wealth, effectively avoid the secondary pollution to environment, there is wide market application foreground.The present invention plants high-temperature purification of gas technique, is not only applicable to biomass rough gas, is also applicable to the high temperature purification technique of the combustible gas that forms after the material gasifications such as coal, rubbish.
Accompanying drawing explanation:
Accompanying drawing 1 is the thick gas-purification process flow sheet of high temperature of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the structure iron of high-temperature purification of gas device of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 3 is biomass raw gas high-temperature purification mechanism schematic diagram;
Accompanying drawing 4 is the SEM photo of modified ceramic film dust removing tube outer surface used herein, and wherein (a) is the commercial goods dust removing tube of directly buying, and is (b) modification dust removing tube GIEC-I, is (c) modification dust removing tube GIEC-II.
1-cleaner upper box wherein, 2-anti-blowpipe and nozzle, 3-modified ceramic film dust removing tube, 4-electrical heat tracing layer, 5-cleaner lower box, 6-ash bucket case, 7-vision slit, 8-vision slit, 9-vision slit, the import of 10-high-temperature fuel gas, the outlet of 11-high-temperature fuel gas, 12-temperature tube, 13-piezometric tube, 14-pressing plate, 15-dust removing tube retaining plate, 16-injection tube, 17-clean fuel gas flows to, 18-magnetic valve, 19-differential pressure pickup, 20-gas collection bag, 21-anaerobic pressurized gas flows to, 22-Venturi meter, 23-sealing-ring, dust stratification layer on 24-dust removing tube, 25-biomass rough gas flows to.
Embodiment
Biomass high-temperature combustion gas stage purification technique of the present invention (A) high-temperature fuel gas interchanger, (B) high-temperature purification of gas device, (C) Venturi meter pulse cleaning system, (D) gas preheater and (E) electrical heat tracing system; The operation that cooperatively interacts of five complete equipments, forms a set of complete high-temperature fuel gas integrated purifying device.
Wherein high-temperature purification of gas device structure as shown in Figure 2,3, is mainly comprised of cleaner upper box 1, anti-blowpipe and nozzle 2, modified ceramic film dust removing tube 3, cleaner lower box 5, ash bucket case 6 from top to bottom successively, is separately respectively equipped with vision slit 7,8,9.Cleaner upper box 1, anti-blowpipe and nozzle 2, cleaner lower box 5 are wrapped with electrical heat tracing layer 4.Adopt pressing plate 14 and sealing-ring 23 that modified ceramic film dust removing tube 3 is fixed on dust removing tube retaining plate 15, and at the dust removing tube mouth of pipe, Venturi meter 22 is installed, the corresponding injection tube 16 of installing in each Venturi meter top.
Biomass rough gas enters from the high-temperature fuel gas import 10 of cleaner lower box 5, through modified ceramic film dust removing tube, 3 dedustings remove defocused, high-temperature fuel gas outlet 11 by cleaner upper box 1 is discharged, and pressure measurement point for measuring temperature and sampling are installed near air inlet/outlet, as being just provided with temperature tube 12 and piezometric tube 13 in high-temperature fuel gas outlet 11.
When the dust stratification layer 24 on modified ceramic film dust removing tube 3 reaches certain thickness, the filtration resistance of modified ceramic film dust removing tube 3 can significantly rise, when the resistance of differential pressure pickup 19 demonstrations reaches 3000Pa, opens solenoid valve 18, anaerobic pressurized gas 21 enters modification dust removing tube inwall and by radially flowing out after injection tube 16 and Venturi meter 22 superchargings, thereby effective elimination is overlying on the dust stratification layer on modification dust removing tube surface, to realize the continuous operation of equipment, the spacing of back blow port and venturi orifice is 0~3 times of dust removing tube internal diameter.
The concrete preparation technology of the GIEC-I type modified ceramic film dust removing tube in high-temperature purification of gas device and GIEC-II type ceramic membrane dust removing tube as previously mentioned.
The present embodiment is to take the 2.0MW circulating fluidized bed Biomass Gasification & Power Generation station that wood chip is raw material, adopt high-temperature fuel gas dedusting decoking integrated purifying technique of the present invention and device, flying dust and the tar that ciculation fluidized bed biomass gasifying can be produced are efficiently removed, and the clean biological fuel gas after purification can be supplied with 4 500KW fuel gas generation unit generatings.
Embodiment adopts the biomass high-temperature combustion gas stage purifying device shown in Fig. 2.
This cover gas high-temperature scavenging process is as follows: 1. temperature is about the high-temperature biomass gas of 750 ℃ through fluidized-bed gasification outlet of still, being transported to high-temperature fuel gas heat exchanger is in air preheater, with freezing air sufficient heat exchange in high-temperature fuel gas heat exchanger, make fuel gas temperature be down to 500~550 ℃; And freezing air is warming up to after 100~150 ℃, supplies with vapourizing furnace and use.2. open gas preheater and electrical heat tracing system, make high-temperature purification of gas device and associated conduit integral body be warming up to 350~450 ℃.3. by high-temperature fuel gas heat exchanger outlet, (thick combustion gas dust content is 15.0g/Nm to the thick combustion gas of the high temperature of 550 ℃
3with, tar content is 3.25g/Nm
3), through high-temperature fuel gas import, enter high-temperature purification of gas device, with the filtering rate of 0.20cm/s by GIEC-II type modified ceramic film dust removing tube, steady-state operation under the hot conditions of the working pressure of 2500Pa and 500~600 ℃; When the resistance increment of inorganic membrane filtration material is above to 3000Pa, the high temperature compressed nitrogen that adopts 0.60MPa and 400 ℃ by Venturi meter pulse cleaning system pulse backblowing dust stratification to collection (spacing of back blow port and venturi orifice is 0 times of dust removing tube internal diameter) in ash bucket case; Dust content after filtering in high-temperature fuel gas is down to 5.0mg/Nm
3, tar component is little in the effect of rhodium base HZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst simultaneously, is down to 9.5mg/Nm
3.Biological fuel gas after high temperature purification can not only meet dust and tar content in combustion gas and be less than 10mg/Nm
3the continuous Production requirement of (the every standard cubic meter of milligram), and be better than existing national environmental standard.
The present embodiment is to take the mixed suction fixed bed biomass gasification heating system of 2.0t/h that wood chip is raw material, adopt high-temperature fuel gas one purification process of the present invention and device, the flying dust that fixed bed biomass gasification can be produced is efficiently removed, and the high-temperature biomass gas after purification (containing gaseous state tar) can directly be supplied with the steady running of 1 8.0t/h steam boiler.
This cover gas-purification system architecture is same as embodiment 1, and detailed process is as follows: 1. open gas preheater and electrical heat tracing system, make high-temperature purification of gas device and associated conduit integral body be warming up to 350~450 ℃.2. through fixed bed gasification outlet of still, (thick combustion gas dust content is 2.5g/Nm to the high-temperature biomass gas of 450 ℃
3with, tar content is 0.5g/Nm
3), through high-temperature fuel gas import, enter high-temperature purification of gas device, with the filtering rate of 0.5cm/s by GIEC-I type modified ceramic film dust removing tube, steady-state operation under the hot conditions of the working pressure of 3000Pa and 400~450 ℃; When the resistance increment 500Pa of ceramic membrane filter material is above, the compression stack gas that adopts 0.30MPa by Venturi meter pulse cleaning system pulse backblowing dust stratification to collection (spacing of back blow port and venturi orifice is 3 times of dust removing tube internal diameter) in ash bucket case; Dust content after filtering in high-temperature fuel gas is down to 6.5mg/Nm
3, tar content is down to 150mg/Nm
3, finally by insulation passage, be delivered to burning in 8 tons of steam boilers and use.
Claims (5)
1. a biomass rough gas high-temperature dust removal decoking integrated purifying technique, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) assembling high-temperature purification of gas system, comprises (A) high-temperature fuel gas interchanger, (B) high-temperature purification of gas device, (C) Venturi meter pulse cleaning system, (D) gas preheater and (E) electrical heat tracing system; The operation that cooperatively interacts of five complete equipments, forms high-temperature fuel gas integrated purifying device;
Filtration medium in described high-temperature purification of gas device is modified ceramic film dust removing tube, and this dust removing tube can adopt the modification of one of following technique:
A, as the coal-tar middle oil content <0.50g/Nm of thick combustion gas
3and while not requiring purifying rear gas tar oil content, preparation GIEC-I type ceramic membrane dust removing tube: take zirconium nitrate and acidic silicasol as raw material, according to SiO
2mass content be 9.0~15.0% ratio is mixed silicon sol and zirconium nitrate, obtain complex sol; Adopt sol-gel method, on the ceramic membrane dust removing tube of purchasing, lift coating thin film, then drying, calcining, can form at the outside surface of ceramic membrane dust removing tube one deck densification and stable silicon zirconium compound film;
B or, as the coal-tar middle oil content >0.50g/Nm of thick combustion gas
3and while having relatively high expectations to purifying rear gas tar oil content, preparation GIEC-II type ceramic membrane dust removing tube: in order to increase the catalytic cracking of tar function of ceramic membrane, in the silicon zirconium complex sol that can prepare at employing method A, adding mass content is 10~15% nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve particle, the particle diameter of nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve used is 500nm, silica alumina ratio is 100~200, and on sieve particle load the mass content metal rhodium active ingredient that is 1.0~2.0%; After zirconium complex sol and nano molecular sieve particle are uniformly mixed, then adopt same sol-gel method, can prepare the ceramic membrane dust removing tube of the silicon zirconium compound film modification that contains rhodium based molecular sieve catalyzer;
(2) enabling before high-temperature purification of gas device carries out high temperature gas cleaning, first by gas-preheating system and electrical heat tracing system, the temperature of pipeline and high temperature purification device is controlled at more than 350 ℃, to avoid the condensation of the tar component in combustion gas; By high-temperature fuel gas interchanger, the thick fuel gas temperature of high-temperature purification of gas device import is controlled to 400~600 ℃, and recycles unnecessary heat simultaneously; While carrying out gas sweetening, thick combustion gas is passed into by high-temperature purification of gas device bottom, from the outside surface of modification dust removing tube radially passes through, clean gas upwards flows out from the center of modification dust removing tube, most of dust is deposited on modification dust removing tube outside surface by various capture mechanisms, form gradually filter cake, small portion dust is deposited on modification dust removing tube bottom under the effect of gravity; Tar component in thick combustion gas when the form with gaseous state is by modification dust removing tube, the efficient cracking of the catalyzer of load on the dust removing tube that is modified; Thereby the efficient catalytic of realizing flying dust and tar component in thick combustion gas purifies.
2. biomass rough gas high-temperature dust removal decoking integrated purifying technique according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising following steps: after the filter cake of modification dust removing tube outside surface is piled up, the filtration resistance of modification dust removing tube starts remarkable rising, open pressurized gas, by back blow port, sprayed into, after Venturi meter supercharging, enter modification dust removing tube inwall and by radially flowing out, thereby effective elimination is overlying on the dust stratification layer on modification dust removing tube surface, to realize the continuous operation of equipment, the spacing of back blow port and venturi orifice is 0~3 times of dust removing tube internal diameter.
3. biomass rough gas high-temperature dust removal decoking integrated purifying technique according to claim 2, the spacing that it is characterized in that described back blow port and venturi orifice is 0 times of dust removing tube internal diameter.
4. according to the biomass rough gas high-temperature dust removal decoking integrated purifying technique described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that purge gas is anaerobic pressurized gas, purge gas temperature >350 ℃, purge gas pressure is 0.3~0.6MPa.
5. biomass rough gas high-temperature dust removal decoking integrated purifying technique claimed in claim 1, the steady state operation temperature that it is characterized in that described high-temperature purification of gas device is 350~600 ℃.
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CN105861020A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-08-17 | 山东理工大学 | Biomass pyrolysis gas liquefaction processing system |
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CN110218588B (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2024-06-11 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | Low-order pulverized coal pyrolysis tar quality regulation and control equipment and method |
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CN113388428A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-09-14 | 西北大学 | Medium-low temperature pyrolysis semicoke passivation composition for coal |
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