CN103607068B - Top-drive drilling slowspeed machine direct drive mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-speed motor direct drive mechanism for a top drive drilling device, which includes a hollow main shaft, a motor and a control mechanism; The upper end cover, the motor casing and the inner sleeve of the rotary head are all sleeved on the outside of the hollow main shaft; the stator rotor mechanism is installed in the sealed space formed by the upper end cover of the motor, the motor casing and the hollow main shaft, and the sealed space is connected with A cold air mechanism; the stator-rotor mechanism is a salient pole structure and adopts a two-stage design; the control mechanism includes a speed monitoring device and a brake device set on the hollow main shaft. The low-speed motor direct drive mechanism for the top drive drilling device provided by the present invention uses the hollow main shaft to directly drive the drill pipe without the need for an intermediate deceleration mechanism, which greatly simplifies the structure of the top drive drilling device and reduces a large number of accessory parts; at the same time, the structure of the motor The design also makes the drilling process smoother.

Description

Low-speed motor direct drive mechanism for top drive drilling rig

technical field

The invention relates to a top drive drilling device, in particular to a low-speed motor direct drive mechanism for the top drive drilling device, which belongs to the technology of oil and gas drilling rigs.

Background technique

During the oil and gas drilling process, the top drive drilling device can directly rotate the drill pipe from the upper space of the derrick to complete various drilling operations such as drilling, circulating drilling fluid, connecting columns, making up and breaking out, and back reaming. The top drive drilling unit has significantly improved the safety and efficiency of drilling operations and has become a standard product in the oil drilling industry.

At present, most of the top drive drilling devices are driven by DC motors, AC motors and hydraulic motors. The above top drive devices need to use a gearbox to reduce the speed and increase the torque. The gearbox has a relatively complex structure, poor overload capacity, and requires more related lubrication and cooling facilities, resulting in a higher overall failure rate of the top drive. For ordinary AC motors, frequency converters can be used to realize the low-speed operation of the top drive system, but the dynamic characteristics of the motor and frequency converter become worse during low-frequency operation, the high-order harmonics are serious, and the output voltage waveform is severely distorted, causing motor torque ripple And the motor heats up, and it is easy to interfere with peripheral equipment.

Contents of the invention

Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a low-speed motor direct drive mechanism for top drive drilling equipment, which has the characteristics of large driving torque, good low-speed characteristics, simple mechanical structure, and low failure rate.

Technical scheme: in order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

Low-speed motor direct drive mechanism for top drive drilling unit, including hollow main shaft, motor and control mechanism;

The motor includes an upper end cover of the motor, a motor housing, an inner sleeve of the rotary head and a stator rotor mechanism, and the upper end cover of the motor, the casing of the motor and the inner sleeve of the rotary head are all sleeved on the outside of the hollow main shaft; the outer cover of the upper end cover of the motor The outer edge of the upper end of the motor shell is sealed and fixed, the inner edge of the upper end cover of the motor is connected to the hollow main shaft through the upper end bearing, and the connection between the upper end cover of the motor and the hollow main shaft is sealed by the upper end seal; the inner sleeve of the rotary head The lower end passes through the lower port of the motor housing and protrudes, the upper end of the inner sleeve of the rotary head engages with the lower end of the motor housing, the lower part of the motor housing is connected to the hollow main shaft through the lower end bearing, the motor housing and The connection between the hollow main shafts is sealed by the lower end seal;

The stator-rotor mechanism is installed in the sealed space formed by the upper end cover of the motor, the motor casing and the hollow main shaft, and the sealed space is connected with a cold air mechanism; the stator-rotor mechanism is a salient pole structure, and adopts a two-stage design, namely The stator-rotor mechanism includes two stator-rotor sub-frames, and there is a gap between the two stator-rotor sub-frames. Each stator-rotor sub-frame includes a stator and a rotor. The stator is sleeved on the outside of the rotor, and the stator is fixed. In the motor casing, the rotor is sleeved on the hollow main shaft;

The control mechanism includes a speed monitoring device and a braking device arranged on the hollow main shaft; the speed monitoring device includes a gear mechanism, a speed encoder and an angle encoder, and the gear mechanism includes a driving gear, a toothed belt and a driven gear, so The driving gear and the hollow main shaft are coaxially fixed, the driving gear and the driven gear are connected by a toothed belt, and the speed encoder and angle encoder monitor the driven gear.

When the low-speed direct drive motor is installed on the top drive drilling device, the upper end of the hollow main shaft is connected with the flushing pipe assembly and the gooseneck, and the lower end is connected with the blowout preventer and the protective joint to form a complete mud passage; The casing can be connected with the turret and casing body of the top drive drilling device through connecting flanges and other components. The slewing head is a part of the top drive drilling device, installed on the outside of the turret inner sleeve, and can be driven by a hydraulic motor , the slewing head can rotate around the inner sleeve of the slewing head, and the sleeve body is also a part of the top drive drilling device. The signal of the angle encoder and speed encoder is collected, and the control mechanism can realize accurate control of the motor speed and rotation angle, which is beneficial to the accurate positioning of the working face of the screw drilling tool in directional drilling, thereby reducing the number of positioning times, improving work efficiency and drilling quality.

Because the gearbox will lose energy when decelerating, the transmission efficiency must be less than 1; and in this case, the gearbox structure is not used, so the transmission efficiency is improved; at the same time, since the gearbox and its auxiliary facilities are removed, there will be no The failure of the gearbox and its ancillary facilities reduces the failure rate and improves the reliability of the entire device.

Preferably, the brake device includes a brake device housing, an upper end cover of the brake device, a lower end cover of the brake device, a brake inner sleeve, a brake disc and a hydraulic cylinder, and the brake device housing, the upper end cover of the brake device and the lower end cover of the brake device are all Set on the hollow main shaft, the upper end cover of the brake device covers the upper end of the brake device housing, the lower end cover of the brake device covers the lower end of the brake device housing, and the brake inner sleeve, brake disc and hydraulic cylinder are all installed in the brake device housing. The brake inner sleeve is set on the hollow main shaft and kept fixed with the hollow main shaft, the brake disc is fixed on the outer side of the brake inner sleeve, the fixed end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed with the housing of the brake device, and the pressing action of the hydraulic cylinder The two pressure plates at the end are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the brake disc.

Preferably, a bracket is provided on the upper end cover of the braking device, and the speed encoder and angle encoder are installed on the bracket.

Preferably, the motor housing is provided with a lifting ring installation position, and the lifting ring is installed on the lifting ring installation position through a lifting ring pin shaft.

Preferably, the upper end bearing is a tapered thrust roller bearing, and the lower end bearing is a tapered thrust roller bearing.

Preferably, the number of stator rotor poles of the stator rotor sub-mechanism is 32/24 poles, that is, there are 32 stator teeth and 32 stator slots on the stator, and 24 rotor teeth and 24 rotor slots on the rotor; the stator There are permanent magnets and stator windings embedded on it, and the permanent magnets and stator windings jointly establish the internal magnetic field of the motor. There is no winding in the rotor slot, which can be used as a channel for ventilation and heat dissipation; the stator winding is a concentrated winding, composed of 32 coils, and rotated counterclockwise The directions are recorded as C01, C02, C03, ..., Ci, ..., C31, C32; each coil has two circle sides a and b, that is, the circle sides Cia and Cib together form the coil Ci; each stator tooth is embedded with One coil, the two coil sides of the coil are respectively embedded in two adjacent stator slots; 32 coils belong to the four phases A, B, C, and D, among which, phase A is composed of C01, C05, C09, C13, and C17 , C21, C25 and C29 eight coils, B phase is composed of C02, C06, C10, C14, C18, C22, C26 and C30 eight coils, C phase is composed of C03, C07, C11, C15, C19, C23, C27 and C31 eight coils, D phase is composed of C04, C08, C12, C16, C20, C24, C28 and C32 eight coils.

Preferably, the rated frequency of the stator-rotor mechanism is 50Hz, and the rated speed is 125rpm, and the stator-rotor mechanism is controlled by a frequency converter for speed regulation (the speed regulation range of the frequency converter can be set within the range of 0-100Hz, so that the maximum speed of the motor The speed can reach 250rpm), so that the motor runs between 0 and 250rpm. This design is conducive to the heat dissipation of the motor, and can also improve the performance and reliability of the motor.

If the rated frequency of the motor is designed to be too low, the output frequency of the inverter will be lower than 1Hz when the motor is on and off, which will cause serious high-order harmonics of the power supply and severe waveform distortion, causing torque pulsation of the motor and heating of the motor. When the rated frequency of the motor is designed at 50Hz, the performance of the inverter and the motor will be greatly improved.

Beneficial effects: the low-speed motor direct drive mechanism for the top drive drilling device provided by the present invention uses the hollow main shaft to directly drive the drill pipe without the need for an intermediate deceleration mechanism, which greatly simplifies the structure of the top drive drilling device and reduces a large number of auxiliary parts. The transmission efficiency and reliability of the top drive drilling device are improved; at the same time, the design of the motor structure also improves the low-speed characteristics and dynamic characteristics of the entire system, making the drilling process more stable.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the stator-rotor sub-mechanism.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Fig. 1, it is a low-speed motor direct drive mechanism for a top drive drilling device, including a hollow main shaft 1, a motor and a control mechanism.

The motor includes a motor upper cover 14, a motor housing 15, a rotary head inner sleeve 25 and a stator-rotor mechanism. 1 Outer side; the outer edge of the motor upper end cover 14 is sealed and fixed with the upper end outer edge of the motor housing 15, the inner edge of the motor upper end cover 14 is connected to the hollow main shaft 1 through the upper end bearing 16, and the connecting part between the motor upper end cover 14 and the hollow main shaft 1 Sealed by the upper end seal; the lower end of the rotary head inner sleeve 25 passes through the lower port of the motor housing 15 and extends out, the upper end of the rotary head inner sleeve 25 engages with the lower end of the motor housing 15, and the electric motor The lower part of the machine housing 15 is connected to the hollow main shaft 1 through the lower end bearing 24 , and the connection between the motor housing 15 and the hollow main shaft 1 is sealed by the lower end seal.

In the structure shown in Fig. 1, the upper end seal includes the motor upper end bearing outer cover 13 located at the upper end of the upper end bearing 16 and the motor upper end bearing inner cover 19 located at the lower end of the upper end bearing 16, and the lower end seal includes the motor lower end bearing inner cover twenty three. The upper end bearing 16 is a tapered thrust roller bearing, and the lower end bearing 24 is a tapered thrust roller bearing, which bears axial and radial thrusts.

The stator-rotor mechanism is installed in the sealed space formed by the upper end cover 14 of the motor, the motor housing 15 and the hollow main shaft 1, and the sealed space is connected with a cold air mechanism; the stator-rotor mechanism is a salient pole structure (as shown in Figure 2 As shown, there are many protruding teeth on the surface of the rotor 21), a two-stage design is adopted, that is, the stator-rotor mechanism includes two stator-rotor sub-frames, and there is a gap between the two stator-rotor sub-frames, and each stator-rotor sub-frame Both include a stator 18 and a rotor 21, the stator 18 is sleeved on the outside of the rotor 21, the stator 18 is fixed in the motor casing 15, and the rotor 21 is sleeved on the hollow main shaft 1 to provide driving for the hollow main shaft 1 power.

The cold air mechanism includes a cooling fan 22, and the cooling fan 22 is fixed on the motor housing 15 by bolts.

As shown in Figure 2, the number of stator rotor poles of the stator rotor sub-mechanism is 32/24 poles, that is, there are 32 stator teeth and 32 stator slots on the stator 18, and there are 24 rotor teeth 32 and 24 on the rotor 21 The rotor slot 33; the stator 18 is embedded with a permanent magnet 28 and a stator winding 29, the permanent magnet 28 and the stator winding 29 jointly establish a magnetic field in the motor, there is no winding in the rotor slot 33, which can be used as a passage for ventilation and heat dissipation; the stator winding 29 is concentrated winding, which is composed of 32 coils, which are respectively recorded as C01, C02, C03, ..., Ci, ..., C31, C32 in the counterclockwise direction; each coil has two circle sides a and b, that is, circle side Cia and Cib to form a coil Ci (coil sides C01a and C01b together form a coil C01, and so on); each stator tooth is embedded with a coil, and the two coil sides of the coil are respectively embedded in two adjacent stator slots; 32 The four coils belong to four phases A, B, C, and D respectively, among which, phase A is composed of eight coils C01, C05, C09, C13, C17, C21, C25, and C29, and phase B is composed of eight coils C02, C06, C10, C14, C18, C22, C26 and C30 are composed of eight coils, C phase is composed of C03, C07, C11, C15, C19, C23, C27 and C31, and D phase is composed of C04, C08, C12, C16, C20, C24, C28 and C32 are composed of eight coils.

In Fig. 2, the stator core 27 is made of silicon steel sheets punched and then laminated; the rotor core 31 is also made of silicon steel sheets and then laminated; the middle part of the rotor core 31 is provided with a spindle hole, and the hollow spindle 1 in the spindle bore.

The rated frequency of the stator-rotor mechanism is 50Hz, and the rated speed is 125rpm. The stator-rotor mechanism is controlled by a frequency converter and operates between 0-250rpm.

The control mechanism includes a speed monitoring device and a braking device arranged on the hollow main shaft 1; the speed monitoring device includes a gear mechanism, a speed encoder 8 and an angle encoder 2, and the gear mechanism includes a driving gear 3, a toothed belt 5 and The driven gear 4, the driving gear 3 is coaxially fixed with the hollow main shaft 1, the driving gear 3 and the driven gear 4 are connected by a toothed belt 5, the speed encoder 8 and the angle encoder 2 are connected to the driven gear 4 Monitor.

The braking device comprises a braking device housing 12, a braking device upper end cover 7, a braking device lower end cover fixed on the motor upper end cover 14, a braking inner sleeve 9, a brake disc 10 and a hydraulic cylinder 11, and the braking device housing 12 1. The upper end cover 7 of the brake device and the lower end cover of the brake device are both sleeved on the hollow main shaft 1. The upper end cover 7 of the brake device covers the upper end of the brake device housing 12, and the lower end cover of the brake device covers the lower end of the brake device housing 12. The sleeve 9, the brake disc 10 and the hydraulic cylinder 11 are all installed in the brake device housing 12. The brake inner sleeve 9 is set on the hollow main shaft 1 through the flat key and is fixed with the hollow main shaft 1. The brake disc 10 is fixed by the bolt Fixed on the outer side of the brake inner sleeve 9, the fixed end of the hydraulic cylinder 11 is kept fixed with the brake device housing 12, and the two pressure plates at the pressing action end of the hydraulic cylinder 11 are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the brake disc 10.

The upper end cover 7 of the brake device is provided with a bracket 6, the speed encoder 8 and the angle encoder 2 are installed on the bracket 6, and the speed encoder 8 and the angle encoder 2 are respectively connected to the driven motor through an elastic coupling. Gear 4 is connected.

The motor housing 15 is provided with a lifting ring installation position, and the lifting ring is installed on the lifting ring installation position through the lifting ring pin 17 .

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. top-drive drilling slowspeed machine direct drive mechanism, is characterized in that: comprise hollow spindle (1), motor and controlling organization;

Described motor comprises motor upper cover (14), electric machine casing (15), swiveling head inner sleeve (25) and stator rotor mechanism, and described motor upper cover (14), motor case (15) and swiveling head inner sleeve (25) are all set in hollow spindle (1) outside; Motor upper cover (14) outer rim and electric machine casing (15) upper end outer fringe seal are fixed, motor upper cover (14) inner edge is connected with hollow spindle (1) by upper end bearing (16), and the connecting portion between motor upper cover (14) and hollow spindle (1) is sealed by upper end seal; The lower end of described swiveling head inner sleeve (25) is passed the lower port of electric machine casing (15) and stretches out, the upper end of swiveling head inner sleeve (25) engages with the lower end of electric machine casing (15), the bottom of electric machine casing (15) is connected with hollow spindle (1) by bottom end bearing (24), and the connecting portion between electric machine casing (15) and hollow spindle (1) is sealed by lower end seal;

Described stator rotor mechanism is arranged in the seal cavity that motor upper cover (14), electric machine casing (15) and hollow spindle (1) formed, and described seal cavity is communicated with cold wind mechanism; Described stator rotor mechanism is salient-pole structure, adopt two-piece design, namely described stator rotor mechanism comprises two stator rotor clamp mechanisms, gap is there is between two stator rotor clamp mechanisms, each stator rotor clamp mechanism includes stator (18) and rotor (21), described stator (18) is set in the outside of rotor (21), described stator (18) is fixed in motor case (15), and described rotor (21) is set on hollow spindle (1);

Described controlling organization comprises device for monitoring speed and the upper brake gear arranged of hollow spindle (1); Described device for monitoring speed comprises gear mechanism, speed encoder (8) and angular encoder (2), described gear mechanism comprises driving gear (3), cingulum (5) and driven gear (4), described driving gear (3) and hollow spindle (1) are coaxially fixed, connected by cingulum (5) between driving gear (3) and driven gear (4), described speed encoder (8) and angular encoder (2) are monitored driven gear (4);

Described brake gear comprises brake gear housing (12), brake gear upper end cover (7), brake gear bottom end cover, brake inner sleeve (9), brake disc (10) and hydraulic jack (11), described brake gear housing (12), brake gear upper end cover (7) and brake gear bottom end cover are all sleeved on hollow spindle (1), brake gear upper end cover (7) covers brake gear housing (12) upper end, brake gear bottom end cover covers brake gear housing (12) lower end, described brake inner sleeve (9), brake disc (10) and hydraulic jack (11) are installed in brake gear housing (12), described brake inner sleeve (9) is sleeved on hollow spindle (1) and goes up and keep fixing with hollow spindle (1), described brake disc (10) is fixed on brake inner sleeve (9) outside, the stiff end of described hydraulic jack (11) and brake gear housing (12) keep fixing, two pressing plates of the compression motion end of described hydraulic jack (11) lay respectively at the both sides up and down of brake disc (10).

2. top-drive drilling slowspeed machine direct drive mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described brake gear upper end cover (7) is provided with support (6), described speed encoder (8) and angular encoder (2) are arranged on support (6).

3. top-drive drilling slowspeed machine direct drive mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: (15) are provided with drop handle installation site to described electric machine casing, drop handle is arranged on described drop handle installation site by drop handle bearing pin (17).

4. top-drive drilling slowspeed machine direct drive mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described upper end bearing (16) is circular cone thrust roller bearing, described bottom end bearing (24) is conical surface thrust roller bearing.

5. top-drive drilling slowspeed machine direct drive mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the stator rotor number of poles of described stator rotor clamp mechanism is 32/24 pole, namely stator (18) there are 32 stator tooths and 32 stator slots, rotor (21) have 24 rotor tooths (32) and 24 rotor (33); Described stator (18) is embedded with permanent magnet (28) and stator winding (29); Described stator winding (29) is concentratred winding, is made up of 32 coils, by being counterclockwise designated as C01 respectively, C02, C03 ..., Ci ..., C31, C32; Each coil has a and b two to enclose limit, namely encloses limit Cia and Cib and jointly forms coil Ci; Each stator tooth is embedded with a coil, two circle limits of coil are embedded in two adjacent stator slots respectively; 32 coils belong to A, B, C, D tetra-phase respectively, wherein, A phase is made up of C01, C05, C09, C13, C17, C21, C25 and C29 eight coils, B phase is made up of C02, C06, C10, C14, C18, C22, C26 and C30 eight coils, C phase is made up of C03, C07, C11, C15, C19, C23, C27 and C31 eight coils, and D phase is made up of C04, C08, C12, C16, C20, C24, C28 and C32 eight coils.

6. top-drive drilling slowspeed machine direct drive mechanism according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that: the rated frequency of described stator rotor mechanism is 50Hz, rated speed is 125rpm, stator rotor mechanism carries out speed regulating control by frequency converter, runs between 0 ~ 250rpm.