CN103602983B - A kind of processing method of copper-chromium alloy surface modification - Google Patents
A kind of processing method of copper-chromium alloy surface modification Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of processing method of copper-chromium alloy surface modification, by adopting vacuum electron beam welding equipment to carry out top layer melt processed to CuCr alloy, thus form the method for one deck densification, highly purified, that microstructure Cr particle is tiny working lining on the surface of cu cr contact material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of contact material of chrome copper alloy, be specifically related to a kind of processing method of copper-chromium alloy surface modification.
Background technology
Chromiumcopper (replaces copper chromium with CuCr below, conventional is Cr content 20%-50% massfraction, lower same) be mainly used as contacts for vacuum-break switches, play a part to connect, carry and breaking current, be the heart component of vacuum interrupter, its performance determines performance and the reliability of operation thereof of vacuum interrupter to a great extent.Therefore vacuum interrupter has very harsh requirement to contact, requires to have: 1. large breaking current ability; 2. high withstand voltage intensity; 3. good electrical and thermal conductivity performance; 4. high anti-melting welding ability; 5. good anti-electric-arc scaling loss ability; 6. low shut off value characteristic; 7. low foreign matter content.At present worldwide, vacuum interrupter contact almost all adopts CuCr alloy.
The manufacturing process of CuCr alloy contact has: powder sintering, infiltration method, fusion casting and arc melting method.The advantage of powder sintering is that production efficiency is high, and lumber recovery is high, and material use efficiency is high, and cost is low, and disadvantage to be contact performance low, be mainly reflected in: Cr and Cu sinters under lower than the fusing point of Cu, and the foreign matter contents such as contact material density is low, gas are high; Microstructure Cr grain diameter is comparatively large, is generally 63 μm-170 μm.Therefore this kind of contact is only limitted to the following low capacity vacuum interrupter of 10kV grade uses at home, and market proportion is less.
For infiltration method, because infiltration carries out more than the fusing point of Cu, the advantage that this processing method is brought is that the foreign matter contents such as contact material density is high, gas are lower, and disadvantage is: microstructure Cr grain diameter is comparatively large, is generally 63 μm-170 μm; Production efficiency, material use efficiency, lumber recovery are all low, and production cost is high.But the contact performance of infiltration method is than the height of powder sintering, therefore this kind of contact is widely used on complete series vacuum interrupter at home, and market proportion is large.
For fusion casting, its technical process is: Cr and Cu becomes sheet material → be machined to element through high temperature melting → be cast into spindle → spindle cylindrical to strip off the skin → sawing.The advantage that this processing method is brought is that contact material density is high, microstructure Cr grain diameter is thinner, be generally 20 μm-40 μm, contact performance is than the height of powder sintering, also better than infiltration method, therefore this kind of contact is also applied on complete series vacuum interrupter at home, and market proportion is large.This processing method is comparatively suitable for the manufacture of low Cr content (20%-30%) CuCr alloy contact, but along with Cr content raising because of smelting temperature also want corresponding raising, therefore bring the instability in much control to whole manufacturing process, cause lumber recovery to decline to a great extent; Simultaneously because ingot casting appearance is rough, to be mingled with the skin depth needing to pull down comparatively large more, therefore material use efficiency is also low.
For arc melting method, its technical process is: and Cr powder mixes with Cu powder → vacuum sintering becomes electrode → arc melting to cast spindle → spindle cylindrical to strip off the skin → and sawing becomes sheet material → be machined to element.The advantage that this processing method is brought is that contact material density is high, microstructure Cr grain diameter is thinner, be generally 20 μm-30 μm, contact performance is than the height of powder sintering, also good than infiltration method and fusion casting be generally acknowledge the CuCr alloy contact that performance is best in the world at present, but its manufacturing cost is also the highest, although therefore this kind of contact can be applicable on complete series vacuum interrupter at home, market proportion is little.
In sum, can sum up and draw: 1. the CuCr alloy contact performance of powder sintering is minimum, and material use efficiency is the highest, and production efficiency is the highest, and cost is minimum; 2. the CuCr alloy contact performance of infiltration method, fusion casting and arc melting method is high, material use efficiency, lumber recovery are all low, to this means in these processing methodes of use, with while obtaining high-performance CuCr alloy contact, also to accelerate the consumption of this metals resources natively in short supply of Cr on the earth.
Usually, the thickness of CuCr alloy contact is 3mm-5mm, and it is about 0.5mm at the thickness of whole lifetime internal loss, as long as the high-performance contact working lining therefore obtaining more than 0.5mm thickness just can make contact meet the service requirements of vacuum interrupter completely.
Therefore, the CuCr alloy contact top layer (single end face) of powder sintering is made to form the high-performance contact working lining of the above thickness of one deck 0.5mm as long as seek a kind of processing method, just not only both the CuCr alloy contact performance of powder sintering can be brought up to the performance level the same with arc process CuCr alloy contact, a large amount of Metal Cr resources can also be saved.
, having the research about CuCr alloy contact top layer laser melting at home and abroad, also having the research about carrying out CuCr alloy powder laser melting coating on Cu base material, object is that refinement contact textura epidermoidea is to improve contact performance.Owing to carrying out at non-vacuum condition, be difficult to the oxidation avoiding CuCr alloy contact, simultaneously because of contact surface be coated with optical absorbing agent (using during consolidation), CuCr alloy powder is mixed with binding agent (using during cladding), therefore not only can not purifying CuCr alloy in laser melting or cladding process, also can bring other impurity into it, this will damage the performance of contact, also can use the risk brought and be difficult to predict to contact.Chinese patent " CN101899640B " propose about on Cu base material first surperficial pre-coated Cr re-use the method that pulsed electron beam carries out alloying, there is the problem of the inconsistent and Cr segregation of the alloy layer Cr content after alloying in this method.The quality (namely participating in the Cu of alloying) of the different Cu be then melted of the degree of depth of pulsed electron beams heating fusing is also thereupon different, and then alloy layer Cr content is also thereupon inconsistent, be difficult to the chemical composition of control CuCr alloy contact, be finally difficult to produce CuCr alloy contact by required composition.Density ratio Cu in addition because of Cr is little, in addition Cr/Cu structure be pure Cr layer upper and pure Cu matrix under, instead of in advance Cr, Cu are mixed by the ratio of the required, in pulsed electron beams heating melting process, no matter top layer is transient melting flash setting subsequently again, or melt again rapid solidification subsequently time long, all very easily cause the segregation of Cr.Owing to there is all above problems, no matter be laser melting, cladding or pulsed electron beam alloying so far, the manufacture of CuCr alloy contact is not all also applied.
Electron beam welding can weld all metallic substance and some dissimilar metal joint, and all can be welded into together from paillon foil to sheet material, steel plate can weld thickness and reach 100 millimeters, and aluminium sheet reaches 150 millimeters, and copper coin can reach 25 millimeters.Vacuum electron beam welder, is utilize high-energy-density electron beam directly melting of metal to be realized welding in high vacuum conditions, can be reached the requirement of the different depths of weld by parameters such as adjustment high pressure, welding current and welding speed.Up to now, yet there are no employing vacuum electron beam welding technology and Alloying Treatment is carried out to CuCr alloy.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of by adopting vacuum electron beam welding equipment to carry out treatment to CuCr alloy, thus form the method for one deck densification, highly purified, that microstructure Cr particle is tiny working lining on the surface of CuCr alloy.
Under vacuum, utilize electron beam that the CuCr alloy contact end face of powder sintering is carried out melt processed, one deck densification can be obtained, purified mistake, the high-performance contact working lining that microstructure Cr particle is tiny, object of the present invention is exactly by this method, the performance of the CuCr alloy contact of the powder sintering of lower performance with low cost is made to bring up to the performance level the same with arc process CuCr alloy contact, or exceed the performance level of arc process CuCr alloy contact, save a large amount of Metal Cr resources simultaneously, significantly reduce the manufacturing cost of high-performance CuCr alloy contact, the performance level of Integral lifting vacuum interrupter.
For reaching this purpose, the processing method of copper-chromium alloy surface modification of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) the CuCr alloy preform adopting powder sintering to prepare is arranged on welding booth, vacuumizes and keep welding booth's vacuum tightness;
2) start electron beam welding machine, the automatic melt processed of electron beam is carried out to CuCr alloy preform upper epidermis;
3) by the CuCr alloy preform shaping after the melt processed of electron beam top layer.
The processing method of CuCr alloy surface of the present invention modification,
In step 1), described CuCr alloy preform, the wherein preferred 20%-50% of chromium content; Can also picture now the normal method adopted, add any one or two kinds in tungsten powder, molybdenum powder, iron powder, zirconium powder, nickel powder until whole five kinds, generally content≤1.5% massfraction of each Addition ofelements preparing in CuCr alloy preform process;
In step 1), described CuCr alloy preform is arranged on welding booth, to be preferably mounted in welding booth on numerical control table, NC table, numerical control table, NC table has adapted fixture to install CuCr alloy preform, adapted fixture preferably can keep the fixture of constant temperature, as the fixture by circulating water, numerical control table, NC table can be X, Y two dimension automatic control console, pass through setting program, fusing is melted automatically by the arbitrary plane curved path of expection setting, also can be by setting program, the welding current that fusing is set by expection, welding speed, weld seam overlapping rate melt automatically; Welding booth's vacuum tightness preferably 8 × 10
-1-1 × 10
-3pa scope;
Step 2) in, the preferable range of the welding setting of electron beam welding machine exists: high pressure 30kV-60kV, welding current 30mA-80mA, welding speed 6mm-20mm/s, weld seam overlapping rate 30%-40%;
In step 3), by the CuCr alloy preform shaping after the melt processed of electron beam top layer, preferably use hydropress.
The densification adopting method of the present invention to obtain, purified mistake, the thickness of high-performance contact working lining that microstructure Cr particle is tiny can reach affiliated requirement, generally controls at 0.5mm-2.0mm.
Adopt the processing method of CuCr alloy surface of the present invention modification, compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention:
1) that the CuCr alloy contact end face of powder sintering forms one deck densification, purified mistake, that microstructure Cr particle is tiny high-performance contact working lining is made;
2) smelting zone microstructure Cr grain diameter can reach≤7 μm;
3) smelting zone hardness HB can improve more than 40% than before process;
4) much less of contact manufactured materials consumption rate infiltration method, fusion casting and arc process, with
74mm × 5mmCuCr(40) be example, single piece of material consumption sees the following form:
| Powder sintering | Infiltration method | Fusion casting | Arc melting method | |
| Cr | 69g | 116g | 234g | 197g |
| Cu | 103g | 227g | 351g | 295g |
| Add up to | 172g | 343g | 585g | 492g |
The consumption of powder sintering CuCr alloy contact material is 50% of infiltration method, is 29.4% of fusion casting, and be 35% of arc process, therefore this method can save a large amount of Metal Cr and Ni metal;
5) smelting zone material does not only bring any impurity in high-vacuum melting process, also obtains purifying;
6) performance of powder sintering CuCr alloy contact smelting zone at least reaches the performance of arc process CuCr alloy contact; Powder sintering CuCr alloy contact after process can be applied on the vacuum interrupter of any electric current and voltage grade.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the CuCr alloy contact material metallographic structure of embodiment 4 through electron-beam melting process.
Fig. 2 is the original metallographic structure of embodiment 4 powder sintering CuCr alloy contact material.
Fig. 3 is arc process CuCr(25) the original metallographic structure of alloy contact material.
Embodiment
With embodiment, the invention will be further described below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Embodiment 1:
1) the chromium content adopting powder sintering preparation to the addition of the tungsten of 1.5% massfraction is at 40% massfraction
the CuCr(40 of 74mm × 5mm) blank; CuCr(40 by preparing) alloy preform is arranged on the adapted fixture on welding booth's numerical control table, NC table, and adapted fixture, by circulating water, vacuumizes and keeps welding booth's vacuum tightness 8 × 10
-1pa-1 × 10
-3pa scope;
2) welding setting is set: then the initial 30mA of high pressure 60kV, welding current is little by little elevated to 50mA evenly, then the initial 6mm/s of welding speed little by little brings up to 15mm/s, weld seam overlapping rate 30% evenly, by therefrom arriving peripheral spiral path setting program, starting electron beam welding machine, to CuCr(40) alloy preform upper epidermis carries out the automatic melt processed of electron beam;
3) use nominal pressure to be 315 t hydraulic press, endoporus is
the mould of 74mm, operating pressure is 170 tons, the CuCr(40 to after electron-beam melting process) alloy preform carries out shaping, and the thickness of the high-performance contact working lining of the CuCr alloy preform upper epidermis obtained is at 1.5mm-2.0mm.
Embodiment 2:
1) adopt powder sintering preparation with the addition of the tungsten of 1.0% massfraction, the molybdenum of 1.5% massfraction chromium content at 40% massfraction
74mm × 5mmCuCr(40) blank; Be arranged on by the CuCr40 alloy preform prepared on the adapted fixture on welding booth's numerical control table, NC table, adapted fixture, by circulating water, vacuumizes and keeps welding booth's vacuum tightness 8 × 10
-1pa-1 × 10
-3pa scope;
2) welding setting is set: then the initial 50mA of high pressure 30kV, welding current is little by little elevated to 80mA evenly, then the initial 6mm/s of welding speed little by little brings up to 20mm/s, weld seam overlapping rate 40% evenly, by therefrom arriving peripheral spiral path setting program, starting electron beam welding machine, to CuCr(40) alloy preform upper epidermis carries out the automatic melt processed of electron beam;
3) use nominal pressure to be 315 t hydraulic press, endoporus is
the mould of 74mm, operating pressure is 170 tons, the CuCr(40 to after electron-beam melting process) alloy preform carries out shaping, and the thickness of the high-performance contact working lining of the CuCr alloy preform upper epidermis obtained is at 0.5mm-1.0mm.
Embodiment 3:
1) adopt powder sintering preparation with the addition of the tungsten of 1.0% massfraction, the molybdenum of 1.5% massfraction, the iron of 0.5%% massfraction, the zirconium of 1.5% massfraction, the nickel of 1.5% massfraction chromium content at 50% massfraction
74mm × 5mmCuCr(50) blank; CuCr(50 by preparing) alloy preform is arranged on the adapted fixture on welding booth's numerical control table, NC table, and adapted fixture, by circulating water, vacuumizes and keeps welding booth's vacuum tightness 8 × 10
-1pa-1 × 10
-3pa scope;
2) welding setting is set: then the initial 40mA of high pressure 40kV, welding current is little by little elevated to 60mA evenly, then the initial 8mm/s of welding speed little by little brings up to 20mm/s, weld seam overlapping rate 35% evenly, by therefrom arriving peripheral spiral path setting program, starting electron beam welding machine, to CuCr(50) alloy preform upper epidermis carries out the automatic melt processed of electron beam;
3) use nominal pressure to be 315 t hydraulic press, endoporus is
the mould of 74mm, operating pressure is 170 tons, carries out shaping to CuCr (50) alloy preform after electron-beam melting process, and the thickness of the high-performance contact working lining of the CuCr alloy preform upper epidermis obtained is at 1.0mm-1.5mm.
Embodiment 4:
1) powder sintering is adopted to prepare chromium content at 25% massfraction
the CuCr(25 of 74mm × 5mm) blank; CuCr(25 by preparing) alloy preform is arranged on the adapted fixture on welding booth's numerical control table, NC table, and adapted fixture, by circulating water, vacuumizes and keeps welding booth's vacuum tightness 8 × 10
-1pa-1 × 10
-3pa scope;
2) welding setting is set: then the initial 30mA of high pressure 60kV, welding current is little by little elevated to 50mA evenly, then the initial 6mm/s of welding speed little by little brings up to 20mm/s, weld seam overlapping rate 30% evenly, by therefrom arriving peripheral spiral path setting program, starting electron beam welding machine, to CuCr(25) alloy preform upper epidermis carries out the automatic melt processed of electron beam;
3) use nominal pressure to be 315 t hydraulic press, endoporus is
the mould of 74mm, operating pressure is 170 tons, the CuCr(25 to after electron-beam melting process) alloy preform carries out shaping, and the thickness of the high-performance contact working lining of the CuCr alloy preform upper epidermis obtained is at 1.5mm-2.0mm.
Embodiment 5:
1) adopt that powder sintering preparation with the addition of the tungsten of 1.5% massfraction, the chromium content of the iron of 1.5%% massfraction is 20% massfraction
74mm × 5mmCuCr(20) blank; CuCr(20 by preparing) alloy preform is arranged on the adapted fixture on welding booth's numerical control table, NC table, and adapted fixture, by circulating water, vacuumizes and keeps welding booth's vacuum tightness 8 × 10
-1pa-1 × 10
-3pa scope;
2) welding setting is set: then the initial 35mA of high pressure 50kV, welding current is little by little elevated to 50mA evenly, then the initial 6mm/s of welding speed little by little brings up to 12mm/s, weld seam overlapping rate 35% evenly, by therefrom arriving peripheral spiral path setting program, starting electron beam welding machine, to CuCr(20) alloy preform upper epidermis carries out the automatic melt processed of electron beam;
3) use nominal pressure to be 315 t hydraulic press, endoporus is
the mould of 74mm, operating pressure is 170 tons, carries out shaping to CuCr (20) alloy preform after electron-beam melting process, and the thickness of the high-performance contact working lining of the CuCr alloy preform upper epidermis obtained is at 1.1mm-1.6mm.
Claims (10)
1. a processing method for copper-chromium alloy surface modification, comprises the following steps:
1) the CuCr alloy preform adopting powder sintering to prepare is arranged on welding booth, vacuumizes and keep welding booth's vacuum tightness;
2) start electron beam welding machine, the automatic melt processed of electron beam is carried out to CuCr alloy preform upper epidermis;
3) by the CuCr alloy preform shaping after the melt processed of electron beam top layer.
2. the processing method of copper-chromium alloy surface modification according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the thickness of the high-performance contact working lining of the CuCr alloy preform upper epidermis obtained is at 0.5mm-2.0mm.
3. the processing method of copper-chromium alloy surface modification according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described welding booth vacuum tightness is 8 × 10
-1-1 × 10
-3pa.
4. the processing method of copper-chromium alloy surface modification according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the welding setting of described electron beam welding machine: high pressure 30kV-60kV, welding current 30mA-80mA, welding speed 6mm-20mm/s, weld seam overlapping rate 30%-40%.
5., according to the processing method of the arbitrary described copper-chromium alloy surface modification of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described CuCr alloy preform, wherein chromium content is 20%-50%.
6. according to the processing method of the arbitrary described copper-chromium alloy surface modification of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: any one or two kinds in tungsten powder, molybdenum powder, iron powder, zirconium powder, nickel powder can be added until whole five kinds in the process of preparation CuCr alloy preform, content≤1.5% massfraction of each Addition ofelements.
7. according to the processing method of the arbitrary described copper-chromium alloy surface modification of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described CuCr alloy preform to be arranged in welding booth on numerical control table, NC table, numerical control table, NC table is furnished with fixture and installs CuCr alloy preform, adopts constant temperature fixture.
8. the processing method of copper-chromium alloy surface modification according to claim 7, is characterized in that: numerical control table, NC table is X, Y two dimension automatic control console, by setting program, welding is melted automatically by the arbitrary plane curved path of expection setting.
9. the processing method of copper-chromium alloy surface modification according to claim 7, is characterized in that: numerical control table, NC table is by setting program, and the welding current that welding is set by expection, welding speed, weld seam overlapping rate melt automatically.
10., according to the processing method of the arbitrary described copper-chromium alloy surface modification of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: with hydropress by the CuCr alloy preform shaping after the melt processed of electron beam top layer.
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| CN104120245A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-10-29 | 陕西斯瑞工业有限责任公司 | Method for processing surface of CuCr contact material for vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber |
| CN105821361B (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-12-05 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | A kind of method for adjusting movement locus when cu cr contact material surface laser is modified |
| CN105839037B (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2018-01-16 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | A kind of laser surface modification method of cu cr contact material |
| CN106676517A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-17 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Method for preparing copper-chromium composite contact material through electron beam cladding process |
| CN110643991B (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-11-19 | 西安天瑞达光电技术股份有限公司 | Metal material surface treatment method |
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| CN101892361A (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2010-11-24 | 重庆理工大学 | Method for preparing nano structure on copper chromium alloy surface |
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Effective date of registration: 20161223 Address after: 541004 the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dongcheng Qixing District, Guilin City Road No. 8 Patentee after: Guilin Jinge Electrotechnical Electronic Material Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 541004 the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dongcheng Qixing District, Guilin City Road No. 8 Patentee before: Guilin Electrical Equipment Scientific Research Institute Co., Ltd. |