CN103594543B - 一种光伏电池 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光伏电池,自下而上依次包括:基板、第一透明导电层、非晶硅薄膜层、超晶格P型半导体层、第一非晶碳薄膜层、本征非晶硅半导体层;N型非晶硅半导体层;第二非晶碳薄膜层、第二透明导电层以及电极。其中超晶格P型半导体层由非晶硅材料层与非晶碳材料层在水平方向上相互间隔形成,所述非晶硅材料层与非晶碳材料层的宽度相等,厚度相同;非晶硅薄膜层、超晶格P型半导体层、第一非晶碳薄膜层所组成的三明治结构用于提高光伏电池的电特性与产生空穴。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种半导体技术领域,特别涉及一种能够增加光能带、扩展对太阳光谱波长范围的吸收与降低P型半导体层电阻的光伏电池。
背景技术
由于世界经济的快速法杖,世界各国对能源的需求日益增长,而且传统能源日渐枯竭,因此在当今世界,能源短缺已经成为世界各国必须面对的共同问题。为了解决能源危机,世界各国一直持续研发各种可行的替代能源,其中又以光伏电池最受瞩目。光伏电池能够将太阳能转换为电能,其具有使用方便、取之不尽、用之不竭、无废弃物、无污染、使用寿命长等优点。
在20世纪70年代,由美国贝尔实验室首先研制出的光伏电池逐步发展起来。随着光伏电池的发展,如今光伏电池有多种类型,典型的有单晶光伏电池、多晶光伏电池、非晶光伏电池、化合物光伏电池、染料敏化光伏电池等。
目前市场上主流的光伏电池为硅光伏电池,按材料区分,其包括1.单结晶硅;2.多结晶硅;3.非结晶硅。目前最成熟的工业生产制造技术和最大的市场占有率乃以单晶硅和非晶硅为主的光伏电池。这是因为:单晶效率最高;非晶价格最便宜,且无需封装,生产也最快;多晶的切割及下游再加工较不易,而前述两种都较易于再切割及加工。为了降低成本,现今主要以积极发展非晶硅薄膜光伏电池为主,但其效率上于实际应用中仍然过低。近来,提出了一种在导带(Conductionband)与价带(Valenceband)之间引进额外的能带的中间能带(Intermediateband)结构。理论上,如果掺杂(doping)浓度高到某种程度,即掺杂原子之间的距离接近到某种程度,掺杂原子就不能再被视为是相互独立的。掺杂原子的能阶互相耦合(Overlapping),就会在导带与价带之间引进中间能带。中间能带的引入,可以让原本能量小于能隙的不被吸收的光子,有机会被吸收,因而增加光电流。另一方面,为了保持输出电压,一般须要采用P-i-N结构,让中间能带位于纯质(intrinsic,ilayer)区域。然而,过去并无在P层结构中制作具有超晶格的硅薄膜光伏电池。
因此,有必要提出一种具有超晶格的硅薄膜光伏电池,利用超晶格结构来提高其光波长的吸收范围,并增加光伏电池的光电转换效率。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种能够增加光能带、扩展对太阳光谱波长范围的吸收与降低P型半导体层电阻的光伏电池。
本发明提出的光伏电池,自下而上依次包括:基板、第一透明导电层、非晶硅薄膜层、超晶格P型半导体层、第一非晶碳薄膜层、本征非晶硅半导体层;N型非晶硅半导体层;第二非晶碳薄膜层、第二透明导电层以及电极。
其中,该第一透明导电层形成于该基板上,其用于取出电能与提升光电转换的效率。
非晶硅薄膜层形成在第一透明导电层与超晶格P型半导体层之间。其中超晶格P型半导体层由非晶硅材料层与非晶碳材料层在水平方向上相互间隔形成,所述非晶硅材料层与非晶碳材料层的宽度相等,厚度相同。在超晶格P型半导体层上形成有第一非晶碳薄膜层。非晶硅薄膜层、超晶格P型半导体层、第一非晶碳薄膜层所组成的三明治结构用于提高光伏电池的电特性与产生空穴。本征非晶硅半导体层形成于该第一非晶碳薄膜层上,用以提高光伏电池的电特性。N型非晶硅半导体层形成于本征非晶硅半导体层上,用于产生电子。第二非晶碳薄膜层形成在N型非晶硅半导体层上,用于提高光伏电池的电特性和产生电子。第二透明导电层形成在第二非晶硅薄膜层上,其用于取出电能并提高光伏电池的光电转换效率。电极形成在第二透明导电层上,其用于取出电能。
附图说明
图1为本发明提出的光伏电池的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本发明提出的光伏电池,自下而上依次包括:基板10、第一透明导电层11、非晶硅薄膜层12、超晶格P型半导体层(13和14)、第一非晶碳薄膜层15、本征非晶硅半导体层16;N型非晶硅半导体层17;第二非晶碳薄膜层18、第二透明导电层19以及电极20。
其中,该第一透明导电层11形成于该基板10上,其用于取出电能与提升光电转换的效率。基板10可选择硅、玻璃、或透明柔性基板。第一透明导电层11可选择铟锡氧化物(ITO)、氧化锌(ZnO)、二氧化锡(SnO2)或氧化铟锌(IZO);第一透明导电层11的厚度为180-430nm;可采用蒸镀法、溅镀法、电镀法、淀积(CVD)等工艺来形成。
非晶硅薄膜层12形成在第一透明导电层11与超晶格P型半导体层(13和14)之间。非晶硅薄膜层12的厚度为60-120nm。
其中超晶格P型半导体层(13和14)由非晶硅材料层13与非晶碳材料层14在水平方向上相互间隔形成,所述非晶硅材料层13与非晶碳材料层14的宽度相等,厚度相同。其中,构成超晶格P型半导体层(13和14)的非晶硅材料层13与非晶碳材料层14在水平方向上分别具有三层。非晶硅材料层13和非晶碳材料层14的厚度为55-130nm。
在超晶格P型半导体层(13和14)上形成有第一非晶碳薄膜层15。非晶硅薄膜层12、超晶格P型半导体层(13和14)、第一非晶碳薄膜层15所组成的三明治结构用于提高光伏电池的电特性与产生空穴。其中,第一非晶碳薄膜层15的厚度为60-120nm。
本征非晶硅半导体16层形成于该第一非晶碳薄膜层15上,用以提高光伏电池的电特性。本征非晶硅半导体层16的厚度为420-780nm。
N型非晶硅半导体层17形成于本征非晶硅半导体层16上,用于产生电子。N型非晶硅半导体层17的厚度为500-800nm。
第二非晶碳薄膜层18形成在N型非晶硅半导体层17上,用于提高光伏电池的电特性和产生电子。第二非晶碳薄膜层18的厚度为60-120nm。
第二透明导电层19形成在第二非晶硅薄膜层上18,其用于取出电能并提高光伏电池的光电转换效率。第二透明导电层19可选择铟锡氧化物(ITO)、氧化锌(ZnO)、二氧化锡(SnO2)或氧化铟锌(IZO);第二透明导电层19的厚度为200-400nm;可采用蒸镀法、溅镀法、电镀法、淀积(CVD)等工艺来形成。
电极20形成在第二透明导电层19上,其用于取出电能。电极20的材料可选择铟ITO、ZnO、IZO、镍、钛、钯或铝,其厚度为100-250nm。
本发明提出的光伏电池,由于具有由非晶硅薄膜层12、超晶格P型半导体层(13和14)、第一非晶碳薄膜层15所组成的三明治结构,该结构可以增加空穴的产生,所以可以提高光伏电池的光电转换效率。并且还具有第二非晶碳薄膜层19,其可以增加电子的产生,由此光伏电池的光电转换效率可进一步提升。
优选实施例
下面介绍本发明的优选实施例,在该优选实施例中,光伏电池的结构与实施例1相同,所不同的仅有光伏电池各结构的参数选择。
其中,该第一透明导电层11选择铟锡氧化物(ITO)或氧化铟锌(IZO);其厚度为280nm。
非晶硅薄膜层12的厚度为80nm。
构成超晶格P型半导体层(13和14)的非晶硅材料层13与非晶碳材料层14在水平方向上分别具有三层。非晶硅材料层13和非晶碳材料层14的厚度为100nm。
第一非晶碳薄膜层15的厚度为80nm。
本征非晶硅半导体层16的厚度为600nm。
N型非晶硅半导体层17的厚度为650nm。
第二非晶碳薄膜层18的厚度为90nm。
第二透明导电层19选择铟锡氧化物(ITO)或氧化铟锌(IZO);第二透明导电层19的厚度为320nm。
电极20选择铟ITO或铝,其厚度为150nm。
至此已对本发明做了详细的说明,但前文的描述的实施例仅仅只是本发明的优选实施例,其并非用于限定本发明。本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明精神的前提下,可对本发明做任何的修改,而本发明的保护范围由所附的权利要求来限定。
Claims (2)
1.一种光伏电池,其特征在于,所述光伏电池自下而上依次包括:基板、第一透明导电层、非晶硅薄膜层、超晶格P型半导体层、第一非晶碳薄膜层、本征非晶硅半导体层、N型非晶硅半导体层、第二非晶碳薄膜层、第二透明导电层以及电极;
其中超晶格P型半导体层由非晶硅材料层与非晶碳材料层在水平方向上相互间隔形成,所述非晶硅材料层与非晶碳材料层的宽度相等,厚度相同;非晶硅薄膜层、超晶格P型半导体层、第一非晶碳薄膜层所组成的三明治结构用于提高光伏电池的电特性与产生空穴;
其中,构成超晶格P型半导体层的非晶硅材料层(13)与非晶碳材料层(14)在水平方向上分别具有三层。
2.如权利要求1所述的光伏电池,其特征在于:
其中,第一透明导电层(11)的厚度为180-430nm;
非晶硅薄膜层(12)的厚度为60-120nm;
非晶硅材料层(13)和非晶碳材料层(14)的厚度为55-130nm;
第一非晶碳薄膜层(15)的厚度为60-120nm;
本征非晶硅半导体层(16)的厚度为420-780nm;
N型非晶硅半导体层(17)的厚度为500-800nm;
第二非晶碳薄膜层(18)的厚度为60-120nm;
第二透明导电层(19)的厚度为200-400nm;
电极(20)的厚度为100-250nm。
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