CN103592190B - Metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device and method, comprises Mechanical loading module, is fixed on the sheet material clamping adjustable module of Mechanical loading module bottom; Mechanical loading module is fixed unsettled by testing machine and is vertically arranged, X-direction regulating block is symmetrical arranged in the Mechanical loading module X-direction left and right sides, each X-direction regulating block front and back end is separately fixed on Y-direction regulating block, and can be driven respectively by Y-direction regulating block and slide along Y-direction anterior-posterior horizontal on base; Robotization easy and simple to handle, the power in loading procedure and displacement can not only be measured, can also by the coordinate figure of plate upper and lower surface arbitrfary point in loading procedure, radius-of-curvature and strain value, error of test data is little, meet the flexible requirements of the Bauschinger effect test of plate, the material parameter for the Bauschinger effect determining plate provides demarcates foundation accurately.

Description

Metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device and method

Technical field

The invention belongs to metal blank physical property, mechanics properties testing technical field, specifically belong to metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device and method.

Background technology

Existing sheet metal alternating bending test device is that a slice tested sample steel plate hand is clamped by detection person, repeatedly shake rocking handle to detect, in this experimentation be only can estimate plate situation of change and Experiment Data Records cannot be used, and labour intensity is large, sense cycle is long, often have the not clamping phenomenon of sample.Manual alternating bending test device does not arrange the pre-tightening mechanism of sheet metal material, sheet metal is in BENDING PROCESS, because circumgyration stretch, thin plate generation slight expansion can be made, when curving through center, thin plate cannot be close to bending circular arc because extending, and bending radius is changed, affect test figure, cause error of test data larger.In addition, the basis that the detection mode of the metal blank Bauschinger effect that part is excellent only rests on the displacement of setting up load that metal blank is loaded and loaded load obtains, data are single, precision is not high, and the model data fitting theoretical prediction with computer mould has certain otherness.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: provide a kind of metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device and method, apparatus structure is simple, easy to operate, test plate can be selected flexibly, test figure is accurate, and error of test data is little, can obtain the material property parameter testing plate Bauschinger effect after experiment, meet the flexible requirements of plate production testing, the installation and removal of device itself are all very convenient; Detection method can not only measure power in loading procedure and displacement, can also by the coordinate figure of plate upper and lower surface arbitrfary point in loading procedure, radius-of-curvature and strain value, error of test data is little, meet the flexible requirements of the Bauschinger effect test of plate, the material parameter for the Bauschinger effect determining plate provides demarcates foundation accurately.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:

A kind of metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device, is characterized in that: comprise Mechanical loading module, be fixed on the sheet material clamping adjustable module with front and back loading support of Mechanical loading module bottom; Mechanical loading module is fixed unsettled by testing machine and is vertically arranged, the X-direction regulating block for the adjustment of plate flatness is symmetrical arranged in Mechanical loading module and the sheet material clamping adjustable module X-direction left and right sides, each X-direction regulating block front and back end is separately fixed on Y-direction regulating block, and can be driven respectively by Y-direction regulating block and slide along Y-direction anterior-posterior horizontal on base; The two ends, left and right of Y-direction regulating block arrange slide-and-guide groove respectively, inside each slide-and-guide groove respectively and the fan-shaped sliding shoe inclined-plane be positioned at wherein coordinate, make fan-shaped sliding shoe can along slide-and-guide groove in the Y direction anterior-posterior horizontal move and do not offset; U-shaped cross beam suspended to be across above X-direction regulating block and to load between support before and after being interposed in; Front and back load between support and are horizontally disposed with upper pressure roller and lower compression roller along Y-direction, and that leaves plate between upper pressure roller and lower compression roller passes through gap; Two X-direction regulating block structures are identical, include the pinch roll of at least one pair of adjustment that can move up and down along Z-direction supported by front and back support separately, in the horizontal adjustment of pinch roll, pressure roller and horizontal adjustment lower compression roller are sandwiched and all can rotate with plate displacement by plate; Install grating displacement sensor at the lower surface of U-shaped crossbeam, corresponding, the base of lower grating displacement sensor is fixedly mounted on fan-shaped sliding shoe upper surface; Left end bottom U-shaped crossbeam or right-hand member install Y-direction grating displacement sensor; Two laser sensors are corresponding to be respectively arranged on the read head of grating displacement sensor and lower grating displacement sensor; The read head of upper grating displacement sensor and lower grating displacement sensor all can along X to moving horizontally; Each sensor is all connected with data acquisition box signal.

By technique scheme, in the horizontal adjustment of pinch roll, pressure roller and horizontal adjustment lower compression roller two ends are all fixed on horizontal adjustment pressure roller slide block by the rotatable bearing of horizontal adjustment pressure roller is rotating, and the adjustable contour screw that horizontal adjustment pressure roller slide block upper and lower side has all been nested with Compress Spring by is fixed on slide block fixed head; Slide block fixed head is fixed on gudgeon fixed head, and gudgeon to be fixed on gudgeon fixed head and to be located in the supported hole of each X-direction regulating block front and back support by path rolling bearing swivel mount through after gudgeon fixed head.

By technique scheme, gudgeon and angular transducer connecting link is connected and fixed at the external end head of gudgeon, the outer broken end connection angle sensor of gudgeon and angular transducer connecting link, is connected with data acquisition box signal outside the supported hole that angular transducer is positioned at each X-direction regulating block front and back support.

By technique scheme, path rolling bearing is fixed in the supported hole of each X-direction regulating block front and back support by bearing fixing sleeve cylinder, and bearing fixing sleeve cylinder outer end is fixed on front and back support by mounting flange.

By technique scheme, the front and back support being positioned at same X-direction regulating block is connected and fixed with screw of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation by the screw of topping bar be parallel to each other, and screw of topping bar locks by respective stepped screw with screw of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation.

By technique scheme, upper pressure roller and lower compression roller are all fixed each via pre-loading screw and are carried out Z-direction according to sheet material clamping adjustment screw and step up adjustment; All be fixed on respective Y-direction regulating block each via X-direction pre-loading screw bottom X-direction regulating block front and back support; Each Y-direction regulating block is fixed on Y-direction regulating block by Y-direction pre-loading screw, Y-direction pretension bolt and supports on backing plate, Y-direction regulating block supports below backing plate and links together with base backing plate, base web joint successively, and base web joint connects Apparatus for Bending at low-temp coupling part.

Adopt the Bauschinger effect detection method that metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device of the present invention carries out, it is characterized in that: the load obtained by real-time Data Detection acquisition alternating bending sheet metal, displacement and metal sheet surface coordinate data, utilize objective function optimization algorithm to obtain accurate sheet metal Bauschinger effect material parameter; Concrete steps are:

Metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device supports and retaining part according to the length of tested metal blank, width and thickness flexible;

In sheet metal alternating bending process, measure any time metal blank upper and lower surface arbitrfary point position x separately, y, z coordinate value, and the β that takes measurement of an angle of now angular transducer; Calculate the curvature value r=tg θ of plate upper and lower surface arbitrfary point; Wherein r be plate bending arbitrarily time the curvature of respective coordinates point, θ is the angle of bend of the arbitrfary point after plate matching;

Imposed load F on metal blank, measured 4 material constants of metal Bauschinger effect by the optimization object function in sheet metal bending process, 4 material constants are respectively: isotropic hardening material forms the first material constant Q, units MPa; Isotropic hardening material forms the second material constant b; Kinematic hardening material forms the first material constant C, unit GPa; Kinematic hardening material forms the second material constant γ; Optimization object function in described sheet metal bending process is:

$\min \left[\mathrm{\Φ}(F,l,r,\mathrm{\ϵ})\right]=$

$\frac{1}{2}{[\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{(F_i^s\left(p\right)-F_i^e)}^2+\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{(l_i^s\left(p\right)-l_i^e)}^2+\underset{j=1}{\overset{m\×n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{({\mathrm{\β}}_i^s\left(p\right)-{\mathrm{\β}}_i^e)}^2+\underset{j=1}{\overset{m\×n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{(r_j^s\left(p\right)-r_j^e)}^2+\underset{j=1}{\overset{m\×n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{({\mathrm{\ϵ}}_j^s\left(p\right)-{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_j^e)}^2]}^{\frac{1}{2}}$

Wherein, F represents the power loaded in the test in i moment, l is the sag in the test in i moment, plate put, and r is the amount of curvature of certain point in the i moment, and ε is the strain value of certain point in the measurement in i moment, m counts total time of record in test, vector p includes 4 material parameters, is defined as p={Q, b, C, γ } ^t;

For plate at each given time i, n amount of deflection of record plate upper and lower surface; represent the magnitude of load in the plate finite element analogy in i moment; represent the size in the load of the plate actual measurement in moment; represent the amount of deflection size in the plate finite element analogy in i moment; represent the i moment plate actual measurement amount of deflection size; represent the gudgeon location bending angular dimension in the plate finite element analogy in i moment; represent the gudgeon location bending angular dimension in plate actual measurement under angular transducer in i moment; represent the radius-of-curvature size of the finite element analogy at j point place on the plate in i moment; represent the radius-of-curvature size of the actual measurement at j point place on the plate in i moment; represent the strain value of the finite element analogy at j point place on the plate in i moment; represent the strain value of the actual measurement at j point place on the plate in i moment;

For any i moment, change material parameter vector p={Q, b, C, γ } ^t, application finite element model analog computation load amount of deflection curvature and strain with this corresponding moment actual measurement load amount of deflection curvature and strain optimization object function in the sheet metal bending process of common calculating definition, obtains material parameter vector p={Q, b, C, γ when making objective function min [Ф (F, l, r, ε)] level off to infinitely small } ^t; Adopt objective optimization algorithm, global search is carried out to material parameter vector, adopt minimizing of hypothesis and iterative algorithm function to achieve the objective, determine the material parameter parameter Q of Bauschinger effect, b, C, γ.

The present invention utilizes the grating displacement sensor of horizontal direction can measure the x of plate upper and lower surface measurement point, y coordinate, utilizes the z coordinate value of laser sensor arbitrfary point in the flexural deformation of measuring plate and BENDING PROCESS.The X-direction of plate has upper and lower two pattern displacement record sensors, record plate take up an official post meaning measurement point x coordinate, because plate has certain thickness, for the ease of recording the situation of change of plate arbitrfary point, observe the correlation data at this point of plate upper and lower surface, so need to install lower two grating displacement sensors, in Y-axis, because upper and lower two grating displacement sensors are connected to one on the whole, so only need to install a corresponding grating displacement sensor in Y-axis, plate is in alternating bending process, grating displacement sensor can record the x of arbitrfary point, y coordinates measurements, plate passes through the automatic record of the visual realization of laser sensor in the z coordinate of these position corresponding point, in process of the test, the angle of bend of position of the fulcrum directly can be read by angle displacement sensor.The grating displacement sensor adopted in this device, laser sensor and angular transducer type adopt the data acquisition module of specialty and software module to carry out collecting and processing, after the crooked experiment completing a plate, all data through measuring all can be inquired about and be obtained in this software module.

The present invention compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:

Problem only according to single-point loading force on plate and single-point displacement when the present invention solves traditional measurement metal blank Bauschinger effect, realize sample loading, folder sample, motion, the simplification of lower sample, easy and simple to handle, the power in loading procedure and displacement can not only be measured, can also by the coordinate figure of plate upper and lower surface arbitrfary point in loading procedure, radius-of-curvature and strain value, error of test data is little, meet the flexible requirements of the Bauschinger effect test of plate, the material parameter for the Bauschinger effect determining plate provides demarcates foundation accurately.Experiment result accuracy is high and meet Standard, aims to provide test figure accurate metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device.Structure is simple, easy to operate, and test plate can be selected flexibly, test figure is accurate, and error of test data is little, can obtain the material property parameter of plate Bauschinger effect, meet the flexible requirements of plate production testing, the installation and removal of device itself are all very convenient.Be mainly used in obtaining the data such as load, displacement and metal sheet surface coordinate by alternating bending sheet metal in laboratory, and then determine the experimental facilities of this sheet metal Bauschinger effect parameter,

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the front view of metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the partial cross exploded view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the vertical view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the left view (eliminating U-shaped crossbeam 40) of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is the enlarged drawing of mechanical loading unit;

Fig. 6 is the B-B cut-open view of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is the A-A cut-open view of Fig. 3;

Fig. 8 is the local L zoomed-in view of Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is the C-C cut-open view of Fig. 8;

Figure 10 is the D-D cut-open view of Fig. 8;

Figure 11 is the local R zoomed-in view of Fig. 7;

Figure 12 is the local M view (being also the vertical view of fan-shaped sliding shoe 44) of Fig. 3;

Figure 13 is the E-E cut-open view of Fig. 3;

Figure 14 is the instrumentation plan of metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device of the present invention.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1-14, structure of the present invention, principle and the course of work are further described.

As shown in figs. 1-7, according to metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device of the invention process, comprise Mechanical loading module, be fixed on the sheet material clamping adjustable module with front and back loading support 5 of Mechanical loading module bottom; Mechanical loading module is fixed unsettled by testing machine and is vertically arranged, the X-direction regulating block (24,23) for the adjustment of plate flatness is symmetrical arranged in Mechanical loading module and the sheet material clamping adjustable module X-direction left and right sides, each X-direction regulating block (24,23) front and back end is separately fixed on Y-direction regulating block (before Y-direction after regulating block 25 and Y-direction regulating block 27), and can be driven respectively by Y-direction regulating block and slide along Y-direction anterior-posterior horizontal on base; The two ends, left and right of Y-direction regulating block arrange slide-and-guide groove 45 respectively, and fan-shaped sliding shoe 44 to be placed between slide-and-guide groove 45 and can to move along Y-direction anterior-posterior horizontal on the guide rail on slide-and-guide groove 45; The vertical view of quadrant block 44 as shown in figure 12, fan-shaped sliding shoe 44 is the movements making Y-direction on the slide-and-guide groove 45 of device, the assembly relation of sliding shoe 44 and slide-and-guide groove 45 as shown in figure 13, because this device both sides are separately installed with a slide-and-guide groove, gathering sill is that inclined-plane coordinates respectively with each self-corresponding quadrant block inside two of device, thus limit the X-direction motion of quadrant block, (before fan-shaped sliding shoe 44 herein and Y-direction, regulating block 25 is without any annexation) can only be moved along slide-and-guide groove as Y-direction.U-shaped crossbeam 40 is unsettled to be across X-direction regulating block (24, the 23) top of left and right clamping branch and to be interposed between front and back loading support 5; U-shaped crossbeam 40 liang of bases are fixed on the two ends of fan-shaped sliding shoe 44; Front and back load between support 5 and are horizontally disposed with upper pressure roller 6 and lower compression roller 9 along Y-direction, and that leaves plate 7 between upper pressure roller 6 and lower compression roller 9 passes through gap; Two X-direction regulating blocks (24,23) structure is identical, include the pinch roll (in horizontal adjustment pressure roller 14, horizontal adjustment lower compression roller 16) of at least one pair of adjustment that can move up and down along Z-direction supported by front and back support separately, in the horizontal adjustment of pinch roll, pressure roller 14 and horizontal adjustment lower compression roller 16 are by sandwiched for plate 7 and all can rotate with plate 7 displacement; Install grating displacement sensor 41 at the lower surface of U-shaped crossbeam 40, corresponding, the base of lower grating displacement sensor 43 is fixedly mounted on fan-shaped sliding shoe 44 upper surface; Left end bottom U-shaped crossbeam 40 or right-hand member install Y-direction grating displacement sensor 42; Two laser sensors are corresponding to be respectively arranged on the read head of grating displacement sensor 41 and lower grating displacement sensor 43; The read head of upper grating displacement sensor 41 and lower grating displacement sensor 43 all can along X to moving horizontally; Each sensor is all connected with data acquisition box 48 signal.

By technique scheme, in the horizontal adjustment of pinch roll, pressure roller 14 and horizontal adjustment lower compression roller 16 two ends are all fixed on horizontal adjustment pressure roller slide block 21 by the rotatable bearing of horizontal adjustment pressure roller 22 is rotating, and the adjustable contour screw (11,19) that horizontal adjustment pressure roller slide block 21 upper and lower side has all been nested with Compress Spring 20 by is fixed on slide block fixed head 13; Slide block fixed head 13 is fixed on gudgeon fixed head 12, and gudgeon 17 to be fixed on gudgeon fixed head 12 and to be located in the supported hole of each X-direction regulating block (24,23) front and back support by path rolling bearing 18 swivel mount through after gudgeon fixed head 12.

By technique scheme, gudgeon and angular transducer connecting link 38 is connected and fixed at the external end head of gudgeon 17, the outer broken end connection angle sensor 39 of gudgeon and angular transducer connecting link 38, is connected with data acquisition box 48 signal outside the supported hole that angular transducer 30 is positioned at each X-direction regulating block (24,23) front and back support.

By technique scheme, path rolling bearing 18 is fixed in the supported hole of each X-direction regulating block (24,23) front and back support by bearing fixing sleeve cylinder 37, and bearing fixing sleeve cylinder 37 outer end is fixed on front and back support by mounting flange 35.

By technique scheme, upper pressure roller 6 and lower compression roller 9 are all fixing and according to Z-direction height control installation site each via pre-loading screw 8; All be fixed on respective Y-direction regulating block each via X-direction pre-loading screw 28 bottom X-direction regulating block (24,23) front and back support; Each Y-direction regulating block is fixed on Y-direction regulating block by Y-direction pre-loading screw 26, Y-direction pretension bolt 29 and supports on backing plate 30, Y-direction regulating block supports below backing plate 30 and links together with base backing plate 49, base web joint 15 successively, and base web joint 15 connects Apparatus for Bending at low-temp coupling part.

As follows according to the concrete structure Module Division of various function:

As shown in figures 1 to 6, Mechanical loading module is by load test 1, lock sleeve 2, Y-direction slide-and-guide groove 3, lock-screw 4, load support 5 to form, Mechanical loading part be mainly connected to can record loading force and displacement Apparatus for Bending at low-temp on, after load test 1 is connected with the testing machine loaded, lock sleeve 2 can allow load test 1 firmly be connected with testing machine, ensure the stability that the power in loading procedure loads and orientation consistency, Y-direction slide-and-guide groove 3 can make loading support 5 regulate along Y-direction, the plate that can be used for different width can use in this module, when determine a kind of plate test width and after having loaded plate, utilize lock-screw 4 to be locked by loading support 5 and be fixed on Y-direction slide-and-guide groove 3, make the Mechanical loading of whole tentative module reliably partially stabilized.

As shown in Figure 7, sheet material clamping adjustable module is by loading support 5, upper pressure roller 6, plate 7, pre-loading screw 8, lower compression roller 9, sheet material clamping adjustment screw 10 forms, upper lower compression roller 6, 9 are used for clamping plate 7, the position of the fulcrum of plate in centre is fixed can not move, load the clamping direction that support 5 is used for controlling lower compression roller, pre-loading screw 8 is connected with the two ends of pressure roller, ensure that pressure roller is not partial at the trial, after a kind of plate sample 7 is determined, adopt the adjustable range of lower compression roller on sheet material clamping adjustment screw 10, during test, adjustable plate expects best clamped condition, wherein two contiguous blocks can regulate along sheet thickness direction, upper and lower two pressure rollers can utilize the lock-screw of lower end to regulate according to the sheet thickness needed simultaneously, pressure roller length can convert according to the width of plate.

As Figure 11, shown in 12, test plate flatness adjusting module is by upper and lower 4 adjustable contour screws 11, 19, Compress Spring 20, horizontal adjustment pressure roller slide block 21, the rotatable bearing 22 of horizontal adjustment pressure roller, gudgeon 17, gudgeon fixed head 12, fixing path rolling bearing 18, pressure roller 14 in horizontal adjustment, horizontal adjustment lower compression roller 16, slide block fixed head 13 forms, after have selected a kind of plate, in experiment loading procedure, perfect condition is that plate will keep horizontality at fulcrum and loading position, at this moment 4 of plate both sides adjustable contour screws 11 can be regulated, 19, in horizontal adjustment, lower compression roller (14/16) directly contacts with plate, in horizontal adjustment, respectively there is a rotatable bearing 22 of horizontal adjustment pressure roller at its two ends of lower compression roller, it can make plate when bending and the pressure roller of this position produces and rubs and rotate.In each horizontal adjustment, the two ends of lower compression roller (14,16) are fixed on horizontal adjustment pressure roller slide block 21 simultaneously, horizontal adjustment pressure roller slide block 21 and adjustable contour screw 11,19, Compress Spring 20 is connected, due to the pretension effect of Compress Spring, adjustable contour screw 11,19 moves up and down with the generation that is threaded of horizontal adjustment pressure roller slide block 21, regulates the horizontality of plate with this.Simultaneously, due to pressure roller in horizontal adjustment 14, between horizontal adjustment lower compression roller 16 and plate, Frictional Slipping and rolling can be there is, when regulating adjustable contour screw 11,19, for the measurement of the friction force of the carrying fulcrum of plate in motion process provides condition, for the detection of the alternating bending bag Shen lattice model effect setting up plate adds an influence factor.

Plate dimensions length, width, thickness adjustable module is by X-direction regulating block 24 and 23, X-direction pre-loading screw 28, regulating block 27 after regulating block 25 and Y-direction before Y-direction, Y-direction pre-loading screw 26, Y-direction pretension bolt 29, test plate flatness adjusting module, Y-direction regulating block supports backing plate 30 and forms, adjustment on plate length direction is main in this module relies on the adjustment of carrying fulcrum to obtain, the restriction that oversize plate carries fulcrum due to it is not suitable for doing alternating bending test, because this module carrying fulcrum in the X direction can regulate in certain space, therefore the length of plate can regulate in certain scope.The adjustment of plate width by sheet material clamping adjustable module by load support 5, upper lower compression roller 6,9, in regulating block 25 and 27, horizontal adjustment, pressure roller 14, horizontal adjustment lower compression roller 16 form before and after Y-direction, when the width of selected a kind of plate, the upper lower compression roller of corresponding adjustment 6,9, the length of pressure roller 14, horizontal adjustment lower compression roller 16 in horizontal adjustment, and before and after Y-direction, regulating block can adjust the carrying fulcrum after the plate of new width easily.The adjustment of sheet thickness be by upper lower compression roller 6,9, pressure roller 14, horizontal adjustment lower compression roller 16 regulate realization at the lock-screw of correspondence, adjustable contour screw 11,19 in horizontal adjustment.When again doing one group of new sheet thickness test, turn lock-screw, adjustable contour screw 11,19 can control lower compression roller 6,9, the distance up and down of pressure roller 14, horizontal adjustment lower compression roller 16 in horizontal adjustment, and then flexible adapts to the plate test demand of different-thickness.The plate size adjustment module of metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device, when finishing a kind of experiment of plate size, only need the adjustment sheet thickness adjusting bolt portion, realize after the experiment finishing a kind of plate, do not need on the basis of this experimental provision of dismounting, realize reinstalling another thickness plate and again test.Thus reduce the recalibration done in experimentation several times and align, the error of less many experiments.

Plate carrying fulcrum adjustable module is made up of X-direction regulating block (24,23), X-direction pre-loading screw 28, the adjustment of the X-direction of the carrying fulcrum of plate X-direction as shown in Figure 7, by first unclamping X-direction pre-loading screw 28, by control X-direction regulating block 24 and 23 in the Y direction before horizontal cross motion on regulating block 27 after regulating block 25 and Y-direction, after regulating the position of regulating block 24 and 23, lock pre-loading screw 28 again, thus realization freely controlling the X-direction position of supporting module 24 and 23.X-direction regulating block 24 and 23 has a groove as shown in Figure 7, for adjustment when X-direction regulating block 24 and 23 in the Y direction front and back regulating block 25 and 27 move and locking.Before and after Y-direction, Y-direction regulating block of the outer end of regulating block 25 and 27 supports backing plate 30 in addition, before and after Y-direction regulating block 25 and 27 in the Y direction regulating block support on backing plate 30 and do the motion of horizontal Y-direction.A T-slot, Y-direction pre-loading screw 26, Y-direction pretension bolt 29 is had, adjustment when moving in the Y direction for regulating block before and after Y-direction 25 and 27 and locking in the middle of limiting plate.Top bar screw 31, screw lock of topping bar bolt 33, screw 32 of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation, screw lock of topping bar bolt 34 of locking module forms, because plate this module in alternating bending process can be subject to the effect of continuous shear stress, be loaded with locking module and can eliminate the impact of shear stress on this module.After the size of the plate of test is determined, in the center pit position of X-direction regulating block 24 and 23, up and down two stepped screws 31,33 and stepped screw clamping screw 32,34 are installed respectively, ensure the elimination of shear stress at the trial.

As Fig. 1, shown in 14, displacement point x, y measurement of coordinates module is by U-shaped crossbeam 40, upper grating displacement sensor 41, fan-shaped sliding shoe 44, lower grating displacement sensor 43, external side light displacement transducer 42, slide-and-guide groove 45 forms, the base of lower grating displacement sensor 43 is fixedly mounted on fan-shaped sliding shoe 44 upper surface, its displacement transducer read head can do X-direction horizontal slip at its upper end, upper grating displacement sensor 41 is arranged on the lower surface of U-shaped crossbeam 40, its displacement transducer read head can do X-direction horizontal slip in its lower end, in addition, in the Y direction, at the right-hand member of U-shaped crossbeam 40, Y-direction grating displacement sensor 42 is installed simultaneously, because fan-shaped sliding shoe 44 guide rail on slide-and-guide groove 45 does the motion of horizontal Y-direction, and the read head of the Y-direction grating displacement sensor 42 installed in this position is just in time connected on fan-shaped sliding shoe 44, the y coordinate figure of such measurement point just can be obtained by the reading of Y-direction grating displacement sensor 42, x, the measurement of y coordinate draws as shown in figure 14.

Displacement point z coordinate measurement module is made up of the upper laser sensor 46 be bundled in respectively on upper grating displacement sensor 41 and lower grating displacement sensor 43, lower laser sensor 47; Two laser sensors are corresponding to be respectively arranged on the read head of grating displacement sensor 41 and lower grating displacement sensor 43, when plate occurs bending and deformation, read head along from X to mobile two grating displacement sensors (41,43), laser sensor 46,47 is also along with the motion recording plate upper and lower surface of read head is in the z coordinate value of correspondence position, and the measurement of z coordinate draws as shown in figure 14.

As shown in figures 8 and 11, Angle Measurement Module is made up of with angular transducer connecting link 38, angular transducer 39 gudgeon 17, fixing path rolling bearing 18, bearing fixing sleeve cylinder 37, mounting flange 35, lock-screw 36, gudgeon, the installation of angle displacement sensor 39: locate with the installation base of angle displacement sensor 39, tighten up on a metal plate with screw, nut or pressing plate, 3 binding posts or the corresponding label mark 1,2,3 of red, yellow, blue three lines, represent: 1 is input end respectively; 2 is output terminals; 3 is ground connection.If resistance changes when exit 2 wrong line can burn out sensor from 1 end to 3 end angles rotations or straight-line displacement, by the linearly rule high precision output of 2 ends, by translation circuit, change in resistance is converted to Signal aspects simultaneously, angular transducer angle can be as accurate as two digits after radix point, data are more accurate, in test, when there being load deflection to be applied to plate, plate occurs bending and deformation, the carrying fulcrum of both sides is because the flexural deformation of plate produces crisscross motion, owing to there being the effect of gudgeon 17, the flexural deformation of plate finally makes pressure roller 14 in the horizontal adjustment that is fixed together with gudgeon 17, horizontal adjustment lower compression roller 16 produces subtend and relatively rotates effect, gudgeon 17 is installed together in fixed position and fixing path rolling bearing 18, and fixing path rolling bearing 18 is arranged on X-direction regulating block (24 by interference fit, 23), when ensureing to rotate there is not other displacement in gudgeon, only produce and rotate around the circumference of gudgeon 17 central axis, due to pressure roller in horizontal adjustment 14, horizontal adjustment lower compression roller 16 is not be directly installed in horizontal adjustment pressure roller slide block 21, between also have supporting rolling bearing, so pressure roller 14 in horizontal adjustment, horizontal adjustment lower compression roller 16 is along with the rotation also translation simultaneously of gudgeon 17, but itself can produce spinning motion owing to there being the existence of rolling bearing in the process of above-mentioned motion.So time same vertical curve on horizontal adjustment on pressure roller 14, horizontal adjustment lower compression roller 16 be relatively rotate, now identical with the rotation direction of pressure roller 14 in two of one end parallel horizontal adjustment., gudgeon is connected along its outer end with angular transducer connecting link 38, angular transducer 39, and the angle β angle as shown in figure 14 that such gudgeon rotates can directly be read by angular transducer, and the detection for the Bauschinger effect of plate adds a factor of influence.

Instrumentation plan as shown in figure 14, the software module of this matched with devices is utilized to become sheet metal bending curve as shown in the arc plate in figure the data fitting of multiple point, utilize grating displacement sensor 41, 42, 43, laser sensor 46, 47, on the plate that any time of plate in alternating bending process measured by angular transducer 39 arbitrfary point coordinate figure P ' (x ', y ', z ') and P (x, y, z) and the now β that takes measurement of an angle of angular transducer, simultaneously because the buckling curve of plate any time can be expressed, the curvature value of plate upper and lower surface arbitrfary point can be obtained by formula r=tg θ for this reason, wherein r be plate bending arbitrarily time the curvature of respective coordinates point, θ is the angle of bend of the arbitrfary point after plate matching.In fig. 14, when metal blank bends to an angle, because plate itself brushes grid, when flexural deformation, the sizing grid of plate can change, when needing the strain of certain position be determined on plate sometime, add the strain contrast block that monitor strain value is special, can directly measure the strain value pointed out at any P

In the detection experiment of the material parameter of Bauschinger effect, the load F on metal blank is applied in t, the displacement l of the point on plate, after the strain stress measurements and calculations of the point on plate draw, specific optimized algorithm just can be utilized in this experiment to measure 4 material constants of metal Bauschinger effect, be respectively:

Isotropic hardening material forms the first material constant Q, units MPa; Isotropic hardening material forms the second material constant b; Kinematic hardening material forms the first material constant C, unit GPa; Kinematic hardening material forms the second material constant γ;

Optimization object function in definition sheet metal bending process is:

$\min \left[\mathrm{\Φ}(F,l,r,\mathrm{\ϵ})\right]=$

$\frac{1}{2}{[\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{(F_i^s\left(p\right)-F_i^e)}^2+\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{(l_i^s\left(p\right)-l_i^e)}^2+\underset{j=1}{\overset{m\×n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{({\mathrm{\β}}_i^s\left(p\right)-{\mathrm{\β}}_i^e)}^2+\underset{j=1}{\overset{m\×n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{(r_j^s\left(p\right)-r_j^e)}^2+\underset{j=1}{\overset{m\×n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{({\mathrm{\ϵ}}_j^s\left(p\right)-{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_j^e)}^2]}^{\frac{1}{2}}$

The optimization object function of definition is min [Ф (F, l, r, ε)], wherein F represents the power loaded in the test in i moment, and l is the sag in the test in i moment, plate put, r is the amount of curvature of certain point in the i moment, ε is the strain value of certain point in the measurement in i moment, and m counts total time of record in test, and vectorial p includes 4 material parameters, be defined as p={Q, b, C, γ } ^t.In this experiment, for plate at each given time i, n amount of deflection of record plate upper and lower surface; represent the magnitude of load in the plate finite element analogy in i moment; represent the size in the load of the plate actual measurement in moment; represent the amount of deflection size in the plate finite element analogy in i moment; represent the i moment plate actual measurement amount of deflection size; represent the gudgeon location bending angular dimension in the plate finite element analogy in i moment; represent the gudgeon location bending angular dimension in plate actual measurement under angular transducer in i moment; represent the radius-of-curvature size of the finite element analogy at j point place on the plate in i moment; represent the radius-of-curvature size of the actual measurement at j point place on the plate in i moment; represent the strain value of the finite element analogy at j point place on the plate in i moment; represent the strain value of the actual measurement at j point place on the plate in i moment.For any i moment, change material parameter vector p={Q, b, C, γ } ^t, application finite element model analog computation load amount of deflection curvature and strain with this corresponding moment actual measurement load amount of deflection curvature and strain the objective function of common calculating definition, obtains material parameter vector p={Q, b, C, γ when making objective function min [Ф (F, l, r, ε)] level off to infinitely small } ^t.Adopt objective optimization algorithm, global search is carried out to material parameter vector, material parameter Q, b, C, γ accurately can be obtained.

As shown in Figure 1, the software module of measurement module is integrated in special data acquisition box 48 and is also connected with computing machine, data acquisition box 48 and grating displacement sensor 41,42,43, laser sensor 46,47, angular transducer 39 is connected, and can realize record and the output of all data in experimentation.

Mainly the comprising each sensor, surveying work platform, control the composition such as microcomputer, control software design, drive system and topworks of measurement module.The function of its several major part is as follows: 1, laser feeler, mainly contains the compositions such as laser generator, light path system and CCD image sensor device.It completes the extraction task of measuring-signal.Laser generator in laser feeler, realizes the irradiation of laser to tested component surface, the signal receiving module in laser feeler and CCD device, realizes the reception to the laser that tested parts are reflected back by means of light path system.2, CCD driver card, primarily of compositions such as corresponding driving circuit, analog/digital conversion circuit and data transmission circuits.Realize the conversion of photosignal, analog and digital signal conversion and the transmission of corresponding control signal respectively.3, surveying work platform, mainly containing the composition such as workbench and numerical control module, is digitized measurement worktable, under microcomputer controls, can accurately drive testee to arrive the locus of setting.4, control microcomputer and software module, control microcomputer for non-contact measurement system, be equivalent to a central controller.Software module controls an application software module in microcomputer software system, controlling by intrinsic the function forming platform software and order set etc. to realize measuring system in microcomputer, comprising the motion control of digitalized laser gauge head: locus as current in the control of gauge head movement velocity and locus, sampled-data processing, digitized measurement platform, the process of measurement data and storage, the moulding of measurement data and the computer reconstruction etc. of tested parts profile.

Claims (7)

1. a metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device, is characterized in that: comprise Mechanical loading module, be fixed on the sheet material clamping adjustable module with front and back loading support of Mechanical loading module bottom; Mechanical loading module is fixed unsettled by testing machine and is vertically arranged, the X-direction regulating block for the adjustment of plate flatness is symmetrical arranged in Mechanical loading module and the sheet material clamping adjustable module X-direction left and right sides, each X-direction regulating block front and back end is separately fixed on Y-direction regulating block, and can be driven respectively by Y-direction regulating block and slide along Y-direction anterior-posterior horizontal on base; The two ends, left and right of Y-direction regulating block arrange slide-and-guide groove respectively, inside each slide-and-guide groove respectively and the fan-shaped sliding shoe inclined-plane be positioned at wherein coordinate, make fan-shaped sliding shoe can along slide-and-guide groove in the Y direction anterior-posterior horizontal move and do not offset; U-shaped cross beam suspended to be across above X-direction regulating block and to load between support before and after being interposed in; Front and back load between support and are horizontally disposed with upper pressure roller and lower compression roller along Y-direction, and that leaves plate between upper pressure roller and lower compression roller passes through gap; Two X-direction regulating block structures are identical, include the pinch roll of at least one pair of adjustment that can move up and down along Z-direction supported by front and back support separately, in the horizontal adjustment of pinch roll, pressure roller and horizontal adjustment lower compression roller are sandwiched and all can rotate with plate displacement by plate; Install grating displacement sensor at the lower surface of U-shaped crossbeam, corresponding, the base of lower grating displacement sensor is fixedly mounted on fan-shaped sliding shoe upper surface; Left end bottom U-shaped crossbeam or right-hand member install Y-direction grating displacement sensor; Two laser sensors are corresponding to be respectively arranged on the read head of grating displacement sensor and lower grating displacement sensor; The read head of upper grating displacement sensor and lower grating displacement sensor all can along X to moving horizontally; Each sensor is all connected with data acquisition box signal.

2. metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the horizontal adjustment of pinch roll, pressure roller and horizontal adjustment lower compression roller two ends are all fixed on horizontal adjustment pressure roller slide block by the rotatable bearing of horizontal adjustment pressure roller is rotating, and the adjustable contour screw that horizontal adjustment pressure roller slide block upper and lower side has all been nested with Compress Spring by is fixed on slide block fixed head; Slide block fixed head is fixed on gudgeon fixed head, and gudgeon to be fixed on gudgeon fixed head and to be located in the supported hole of each X-direction regulating block front and back support by path rolling bearing swivel mount through after gudgeon fixed head.

3. metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: be connected and fixed gudgeon and angular transducer connecting link at the external end head of gudgeon, the external end head connection angle sensor of gudgeon and angular transducer connecting link, is connected with data acquisition box signal outside the supported hole that angular transducer is positioned at each X-direction regulating block front and back support.

4. metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: path rolling bearing is fixed in the supported hole of each X-direction regulating block front and back support by bearing fixing sleeve cylinder, and bearing fixing sleeve cylinder outer end is fixed on front and back support by mounting flange.

5. metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the front and back support being positioned at same X-direction regulating block is connected and fixed with screw of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation by the screw of topping bar be parallel to each other, and screw of topping bar locks by respective stepped screw with screw of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation.

6. metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device according to claim 5, is characterized in that: upper pressure roller and lower compression roller are all fixed each via pre-loading screw and carried out Z-direction according to sheet material clamping adjustment screw and step up adjustment; All be fixed on respective Y-direction regulating block each via X-direction pre-loading screw bottom X-direction regulating block front and back support; Each Y-direction regulating block is fixed on Y-direction regulating block by Y-direction pre-loading screw, Y-direction pretension bolt and supports on backing plate, Y-direction regulating block supports below backing plate and links together with base backing plate, base web joint successively, and base web joint connects Apparatus for Bending at low-temp coupling part.

7. adopt the Bauschinger effect detection method that the described metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device of one of the claims carries out, it is characterized in that: the load obtained by real-time Data Detection acquisition alternating bending metal blank, displacement and metal blank surface coordinate data, utilize objective function optimization algorithm to obtain accurate metal blank Bauschinger effect material parameter; Concrete steps are:

Metal blank alternating bending Bauschinger effect precise detection device supports and retaining part according to the length of tested metal blank, width and thickness flexible;

In metal blank alternating bending process, measure any time metal blank upper and lower surface arbitrfary point position x separately, y, z coordinate value, and the β that takes measurement of an angle of now angular transducer, unit is degree; Calculate the curvature value r=tg θ of metal blank upper and lower surface arbitrfary point; Wherein r be metal blank bending arbitrarily time the curvature of respective coordinates point, θ is the angle of bend of the arbitrfary point after metal blank matching, and unit is degree;

Imposed load F on metal blank, measured 4 material constants of metal Bauschinger effect by the optimization object function in metal blank BENDING PROCESS, 4 material constants are respectively: isotropic hardening material forms the first material constant Q, units MPa; Isotropic hardening material forms the second material constant b; Kinematic hardening material forms the first material constant C, unit GPa; Kinematic hardening material forms the second material constant γ; Optimization object function in described metal blank BENDING PROCESS is:

$\begin{array}{c}\min \[\mathrm{\Φ}(F,l,r,\mathrm{\ϵ})\]=\\ \frac{1}{2}{\[\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{\Σ}}{\left(F_i^s\right(p)-F_i^e)}^2+\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{\Σ}}{\left(l_i^s\right(p)-l_i^e)}^2+\underset{j=1}{\overset{m\×n}{\Σ}}{\left({\mathrm{\β}}_i^s\right(p)-{\mathrm{\β}}_i^e)}^2+\underset{j=1}{\overset{m\×n}{\Σ}}{\left(r_j^s\right(p)-r_j^e)}^2+\underset{j=1}{\overset{m\×n}{\Σ}}{\left({\mathrm{\ϵ}}_j^s\right(p)-{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_j^e)}^2\]}^{\frac{1}{2}}\end{array}$

Wherein, F represents the power loaded in the test in i moment, l is the sag in the test in i moment, metal blank put, and r is the amount of curvature of certain point in the i moment, and ε is the strain value of certain point in the measurement in i moment, m counts total time of record in test, vector p includes 4 material parameters, is defined as p={Q, b, C, γ } ^t;

For metal blank at each given time i, n amount of deflection of record metal blank upper and lower surface; represent the magnitude of load in the metal blank finite element analogy in i moment; represent the size in the load of the metal blank actual measurement in moment; represent the amount of deflection size in the metal blank finite element analogy in i moment; represent the i moment metal blank actual measurement amount of deflection size; represent the gudgeon location bending angular dimension in the metal blank finite element analogy in i moment; represent the gudgeon location bending angular dimension in metal blank actual measurement under angular transducer in i moment; represent the radius-of-curvature size of the finite element analogy at j point place on the metal blank in i moment; represent the radius-of-curvature size of the actual measurement at j point place on the metal blank in i moment; represent the strain value of the finite element analogy at j point place on the metal blank in i moment; represent the strain value of the actual measurement at j point place on the metal blank in i moment;

For any i moment, change material parameter vector p={Q, b, C, γ } ^t, application finite element model $\mathrm{\σ}={\mathrm{\σ}}_0+Q(1-e^{-b{\stackrel{\‾}{\mathrm{\ϵ}}}^p})+\frac{C}{\mathrm{\γ}}(1-e^{-\mathrm{\γ}{\stackrel{\‾}{\mathrm{\ϵ}}}^p}),$ Analog computation load amount of deflection curvature and strain with this corresponding moment actual measurement load amount of deflection curvature and strain optimization object function in the metal blank BENDING PROCESS of common calculating definition, obtains material parameter vector p={Q, b, C, γ when making objective function min [Ф (F, l, r, ε)] level off to infinitely small } ^t; Adopt objective optimization algorithm, global search is carried out to material parameter vector, adopt minimizing of hypothesis and iterative algorithm function to achieve the objective, determine the material parameter Q of Bauschinger effect, b, C, γ.