CN103582095A - Wireless sensor network medium access scheduling method based on event trigger application - Google Patents
Wireless sensor network medium access scheduling method based on event trigger application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wireless sensor network medium access scheduling method based on event trigger application. The method can guarantee that relatively high energy efficiency is maintained when no events happen in a sensor network, and can timely and quickly transmit data when events are detected to happen. A marker bit is embedded in a data package of a terminal node to indicate the number of node buffering data packages currently so that a cluster head node can obtain accurate load information of the network, a transmission strategy is correspondingly adjusted, and scheduling information is embedded into a beacon frame and broadcasted to a cluster node. By the adoption of precise channel resource allocation and time division multiplexing and on the basis of synchronous self-adaptation channel polling corresponding to burst loads and ultra-low load scenes, the method avoids channel resource waste, meanwhile solves the problem of limited bandwidth of a protocol with a fixed duty ratio, timely and sufficiently allocates channel resources to nodes with loads, and improves instantaneity of data transmission on the basis that high energy efficiency of the protocol is maintained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Network, WSN) field, relate in particular to a kind of network medium of wireless sensor access scheduling method of the loaded self-adaptive based on Event triggered application.
Background technology
Sensor node in wireless sensor network is all generally battery-powered, and the energy content of battery is difficult to supplement conventionally, and this just requires communication protocol need to ensure that node is in high energy efficiency running status, to extend the useful life of system.
In the communication protocol stack of WSN, MAC(Medium Access Control, medium access control) bottom of agreement in wireless sensor network, determined the mode of the access wireless channel of node, be responsible for the distribution of wireless telecommunications resource in network.Due to the bottom of MAC layer in communications protocol, be directly responsible for hardware to operate, therefore MAC layer has direct impact to the performance of network, the scheduling mode of MAC layer directly has influence on the energy consumption of network, the expansibility of the real-time of data, network etc.
Energy efficient is the top priority of wireless sensor network, in order to realize this goal, present most MAC scheduling mechanism all adopts the scheduling mode of the duty ratio formula that work/dormancy replaces, within the most of the time, close radio-frequency module with energy efficient, only in the specific time period, open radio-frequency module and transmit and receive data.
Low duty ratio MAC agreement is relatively suitable for for extremely low offered load, once but load increases or even has the generation of surge load, MAC agreement generally can not be handled relation between duty ratio and load well so that enough communication bandwidths to be provided, cause transfer of data collision, thereby cause the waste of energy and the long time delay of transfer of data.
The load changing is present in various application scenarioss widely.For example, in monitoring and measuring application field, wireless sensor node may random arrangement be used for the detection of a target at bulk zone.When not having target to occur, only need to transmit a small amount of routine information, this sensor network only need be operated in the situation of low duty ratio; Once but after the appearance of one or more target, the sensor node that target detected will transfer data to aggregation node in time.And existing MAC agreement is applicable to a certain single load scene mostly, also do not have a kind of MAC agreement can be applicable to the application of Event triggered type, when event occurs, do not keep high energy efficiency, after occurring, the event that detects can transmit rapidly data.
At present, academia has proposed the MAC scheduling mechanism of many low duty ratios, such as IEEE 802.15.4 MAC, Queue-MAC, SCP-MAC, MaxMAC, RI-MAC etc.
1. IEEE 802.15.4 MAC is divided into the time super frame period of repetition, and each cycle is containing 16 available time slot.These 16 time slots form respectively again contention access period CAP(Contention Access Period) and non-competing access period CFP(Contention Free Period).Because IEEE 802.15.4MAC can not regulate number and the length of time slot online, can not regulate the duty ratio of agreement, so IEEE 802.15.4MAC agreement is fixing low duty ratio agreement, be only applicable in low load scene.IEEE 802.15.4MAC agreement is owing to containing Carrier Sense Multiple Access (Carrier Sense Multiple Access, the CSMA) period, therefore ensured the expansibility of network.
2. Queue-MAC adopts superframe structure, and this superframe structure is by the beacon frame period, and the TDMA of dynamic self-adapting (Time Division Multiple Access, the time division multiplexing) period, the CSMA period of set time and sleep period form.This agreement is utilized the number of the MAC layer buffered data packet of first byte indication child node of loading section in child node Frame, when data frame transfer is during to leader cluster node, leader cluster node can be recognized the buffered data packet number of each child node, thereby correspondingly for child node, distribute time slot for child node next cycle transmission data, reached according to the object of load dynamic adjustments duty ratio.Yet less at offered load, even, in the situation in extremely low load, adopt this agreement energy consumption larger.
3.SCP-MAC and MaxMAC are the MAC agreements that sending node triggers.They have all adopted low-power consumption to intercept the channel access technology that (low power listening, LPL) sends lead code, and node, in periodicity resting state, is opened radio-frequency module when needs transmit and receive data.SCP-MAC can reduce according to time synchronized the length of lead code, and can correspondingly change the number of times of receiving node channel polling for the transmission of data according to the variation of load.MaxMAC can, along with the increasing of load, be switched to transmission mode the CSMA mechanism of variable duty cycle to adapt to the variation of load.But two kinds of agreements all trigger based on sending node, are only applicable to low load scene.
4. RI-MAC is the MAC agreement that receiving node triggers.Receiving node periodically sends beacon frame with the sending request of other nodes of poll, and other nodes check whether oneself has the data of issuing this node after receiving beacon message, if had, send to this node.Receiving node sends a beacon message after receiving data again, and by this beacon message, reaches the object of self-adapting load: this beacon frame confirms to receive packet on the one hand, on the other hand the data transmission procedure in next cycle of initialization.If do not have Packet Generation to come after receiving node broadcast beacon messages, node enters dormancy.If but adopt this agreement, when the node of transmission data increases, RI-MAC can produce comparatively serious data collision.
MAC scheduling mechanism major part mentioned above is to be all applicable in a certain specific load scene, and for Event triggered application, the load scene that extremely low load combines with short time burst load for a long time makes above-mentioned agreement inapplicable.
Summary of the invention
The difficulty that the present invention is directed to that existing MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks is applicable to a certain single load scene mostly and worsen along with the variation efficiency of load environment and the real-time of transfer of data, ensureing under the prerequisite of efficiency, real-time property simultaneously, a kind of network medium of wireless sensor access scheduling method based on Event triggered application is provided.
In order to realize above-mentioned object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of wireless sensor network MAC medium access dispatching method of the loaded self-adaptive based on Event triggered application, comprises the following steps:
(1) leader cluster node in network periodically bunch in send beacon frame with synchronously contiguous terminal node, set up superframe structure, in beacon frame, comprise the interval of time division multiplexing time slot allocation, leader cluster node channel polling information time and adaptive channel poll etc.
(2) if child node has data to send, wait for and receive the beacon frame of leader cluster node; Child node is the time of an analytic varieties channel polling in beacon frame first, and the mode that adopts low-power consumption to intercept when bunch head carries out channel polling is carried out the transmission of packet, if first channel polling of leader cluster node has been utilized, proof has node need to transmit data, and leader cluster node will carry out channel polling every a period of time again and carry out transfer of data for other nodes.
(3) child node is embedded in a storage queue Length Indication variable, the number of data packets of the current buffering of indicating terminal node at each packet sending; Leader cluster node is checked queue length indicator variable after receiving the packet of child node, and correspondingly for specific node, at the corresponding time division multiplexing time slot of next period allocated, carries out the transmission of data according to its value.
(4) when bunch channel polling, successfully by LPL mode, send check after the child node received beacon frame of packet leader cluster node to own in the concrete time period of next super frame period distribution T DMA time slot, and revive and carry out the transmission of data in the corresponding time.
(5), if child node does not have packet to be sent, child node proceeds to resting state to save energy.After this, if do not have data to produce, child node is only revived received beacon frame information to maintain the time synchronized with leader cluster node at first in each cycle.Leader cluster node also proceeds to resting state after channel polling is not utilized.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, when occurring without event, the method transmission data of the adaptive channel poll of employing based on time synchronized, making channel polling number of times is to change according to the Data Dynamic of load, accurate is the transmission allocation of communication channels resource of data, when leader cluster node is found at channel polling, do not have null terminator Null node to carry out data sending request, leader cluster node will proceed to resting state, has saved energy.After the generation of event being detected, for burst load, at the packet of terminal node, be embedded in the indicator variable of the length information of a current MAC layer of indicating terminal node storage queue, make leader cluster node can obtain the accurate load information of terminal node, and then correspondingly for specific node, at the corresponding time division multiplexing time slot of next period allocated, carry out the transmission of data according to its value, thereby carry out transfer of data with the real-time of higher efficiency and transfer of data.The present invention adopt accurate channel resource allocation---time division multiplexing and the adaptive channel poll based on synchronous are correspondingly for burst load and extremely low load scene, avoided channel resource waste also to solve the finite bandwidth problem of fixed duty cycle formula agreement, give sufficiently in time loaded node allocation of channel resources, on the basis that keeps agreement high energy efficiency, improve the real-time of transfer of data.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is superframe structure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is null terminator Null node M AC layer data frame assumption diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the beacon frame structure of leader cluster node of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is workflow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is experiment test topology diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the efficiency comparison diagram of hardware experiments of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the time delay comparison diagram of hardware experiments of the present invention.
Embodiment
One, schematic diagram implication explanation
As shown in Figure 1, superframe was comprised of the TDMA period of beacon frame period, variation and the LPL transmission period based on time synchronized of variation.Node device in the sensor network class that is divided three classes: aggregation node, leader cluster node and terminal node, leader cluster node periodically bunch in broadcast beacon frame set up superframe structure by beacon frame.
As shown in Figure 2, the data frame structure of MAC layer has been introduced the indicator variable of an indicating terminal node M AC layer outgoing data number, be embedded in the beginning part of Frame load region, be used for indicating to the recipient of packet the MAC layer loading condition of present node, the recipient who offers packet is data sender MAC layer load information accurately.
As shown in Figure 3, after child node received beacon frame, according to the distribution condition of leader cluster node tdma slot, determine oneself to carry out the time period of transfer of data.If find, not to own distribution T DMA time slot, node can carry out the transmission of data when leader cluster node carries out channel polling
As shown in Figure 4, there is no load in the time of at the beginning in network, after leader cluster node channel polling, finding does not have transfer of data, proceeds to dormancy until second superframe starts; Second superframe has a few data, after channel polling is utilized, increases again one for other node utilizations; After the 3rd superframe starts, the buffer load information of collecting according to a upper cycle is that corresponding node distributes time slot for transfer of data, carries out channel polling to process adding of new node simultaneously; It is that corresponding node distributes time slot for transfer of data that the 4th superframe is still the buffer load information of collecting according to a upper cycle; During the 5th superframe, in network, load reduces to 0, and leader cluster node carries out proceeding to resting state to save energy after a channel polling.
As shown in Figure 5, for verifying the validity of new MAC agreement, set up the test network of a bunch of type, each bunch comprises a leader cluster node and five each and every one null terminator Null nodes.The speed of null terminator Null node variation according to the rules produces packet and sends data to leader cluster node, between leader cluster node, by CSMA mode, transfer data to aggregation node (Sink node), null terminator Null node, leader cluster node and aggregation node all adopt STM32W108 chip.
As shown in Figure 6, the present invention compares with Queue-MAC with SCP-MAC, when in the situation that offered load changes, and the less long-play that can guarantee wireless sensor network of the present invention's energy consumption when load is lower.
As shown in Figure 7, the present invention compares with Queue-MAC with SCP-MAC, and when in the situation that offered load changes, the real-time of the present invention's transfer of data when heavy load produces is less, has met the burst load needs demand of transmission in time.
Two, the present invention is based on a kind of method of using null terminator Null node buffered data packet number and then adjusting MAC transmission policy, be applicable to the application scenarios based on Event triggered, bunch type network that efficiency and transfer of data real-time are had higher requirements, comprises the steps:
1. network is mainly comprised of leader cluster node and the null terminator Null node of being responsible for Data Collection and management, and leader cluster node is periodically broadcasted the beacon frame of oneself with synchronously contiguous terminal node.Null terminator Null node directly with leader cluster node communication, each other mutual communication.Leader cluster node is set up superframe structure by the beacon frame of broadcast in contiguous scope.
Network topology structure shown in Fig. 5 can be considered as to a typical network topology structure, have leader cluster node and null terminator Null node in network, the beacon frame that leader cluster node is periodically broadcasted oneself is with the null terminator Null node in synchronous bunch.Null terminator Null node directly with leader cluster node communication, each other mutual communication.Leader cluster node by the beacon frame of broadcast bunch in set up superframe structure, a beacon frame of leader cluster node broadcast indicates the beginning of a new superframe.In beacon frame, comprised tdma slot distribution, ID table and the corresponding information such as tdma slot allocation table.Null terminator Null node can be learnt the structure of this super frame period by receiving and analyze beacon frame.
2., if child node has data to send, wait for and receive the beacon frame of leader cluster node; If null terminator Null node has data to be sent, open the beacon frame that radio-frequency module is waited for leader cluster node.After receiving the beacon frame of leader cluster node, analytic varieties head node current period carries out the time of channel polling, and the competition of carrying out data by the mode of LPL in this moment sends, to inform the channel resource demand of leader cluster node oneself.
3. null terminator Null node is before any data send, after the mac layer frame head of current data packet, embed MAC storage team leader's indicator variable (byte) as first byte of valid data load, as shown in Figure 1, the value of this variable is the number of the outgoing data bag of current this terminal node, the i.e. queue length of MAC layer storage queue.Null terminator Null node, by sending data, has incidentally been given leader cluster node current MAC layer load information, thereby has been communicated the application of resource.Leader cluster node is correspondingly distribution T DMA time slot of specific node by queue length indicator variable.
4. if the child node that successfully sends packet by LPL mode when bunch channel polling still has data to be sent, its buffered data packet number has been informed leader cluster node, leader cluster node will carry out the distribution of channel resource to it in next super frame period, and inform child node dependent event information by beacon frame, as shown in Figure 2.Child node proceeds to resting state saving energy after resolving one's own transmitting time segment information, and revives and carry out the transmission of data in the corresponding time period.
5., if child node does not have data to be sent, child node proceeds to resting state to save energy.After this, if do not have data to produce, child node is only revived received beacon frame information to maintain the time synchronized with leader cluster node at first in each cycle.Leader cluster node, when carrying out channel polling, if there is no the mutual of data, can think that child node does not have the demand of data transmission in certain hour section, and leader cluster node will proceed to resting state after having carried out this channel polling, until next super frame period starts.
In order to verify validity of the present invention, set up the network of typical case's bunch type topological structure and tested, as shown in Figure 5.Each bunch is comprised of null terminator Null node and a leader cluster node of 5 vicinities, and null terminator Null node constantly produces data, and transfers to leader cluster node.Each null terminator Null node produces data with the speed changing, experiment test (do not have load scene when event occurs in the application of low load simulation Event triggered, high capacity simulated time triggers in application load scene when event occurs) performance of the present invention under different loads scene.
Fig. 6 has shown MAC medium access dispatching method (SCP-MAC in figure) that the present invention (ED-MAC in figure) and a kind of low-power consumption based on time synchronized are intercepted and the efficiency comparison under varying duty scene of Q-MAC.Fig. 6 shown, identical test platform with arrange under, the present invention has lower energy consumption (in Fig. 6 at network under which kind of full load scene, abscissa from left to right, load reduces), illustrated that, for disparate networks load, the present invention can provide good efficiency.
Fig. 7 has shown MAC medium access dispatching method (SCP-MAC in figure) that the present invention (ED-MAC in figure) and a kind of low-power consumption based on time synchronized are intercepted and the transfer of data time delay comparison under varying duty scene of Q-MAC.Fig. 7 has shown, at identical test platform and under arranging, the present invention has lower transfer of data time delay (in Fig. 6 under which kind of full load scene at network, abscissa from left to right, load reduces), illustrated for disparate networks load, the present invention can provide good transfer of data real-time.
Claims (6)
1. the network medium of wireless sensor access scheduling method based on Event triggered application, is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) leader cluster node in network periodically bunch in send beacon frame with synchronously contiguous terminal node, set up superframe structure, in beacon frame, comprise the interval of time division multiplexing time slot allocation, leader cluster node channel polling information time and adaptive channel poll etc.;
(2) if child node has data to send, wait for and receive the beacon frame of leader cluster node: child node is the time of an analytic varieties channel polling in beacon frame first, and when carrying out channel polling, bunch head adopt low-power consumption to intercept the transmission that mode is carried out packet, if first channel polling of leader cluster node has been utilized, proof has node need to transmit data, and leader cluster node will carry out channel polling every a period of time again and carry out transfer of data for other nodes;
(3) child node is embedded in a storage queue Length Indication variable, the number of data packets of the current buffering of indicating terminal node at each packet sending; Leader cluster node is checked queue length indicator variable after receiving the packet of child node, and correspondingly for specific node, at the corresponding time division multiplexing time slot of next period allocated, carries out the transmission of data according to its value;
(4) when bunch channel polling, successfully by LPL mode, send check after the child node received beacon frame of packet leader cluster node to own in the concrete time period of next super frame period distribution T DMA time slot, and revive and carry out the transmission of data in the corresponding time;
(5), if child node does not have packet to be sent, child node proceeds to resting state to save energy; After this, if do not have data to produce, child node is only revived received beacon frame information to maintain the time synchronized with leader cluster node at first in each cycle; Leader cluster node also proceeds to resting state after channel polling is not utilized.
2. the network medium of wireless sensor access scheduling method based on Event triggered application as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 1 is specially: in network, each bunch is comprised of leader cluster node and the null terminator Null node of being responsible for Data Collection and management, leader cluster node periodically bunch in the beacon frame of broadcast oneself with synchronously contiguous terminal node; Null terminator Null node directly with leader cluster node communication, each other mutual communication; Leader cluster node is set up superframe structure by the beacon frame of broadcast in contiguous scope.
3. the network medium of wireless sensor access scheduling method based on Event triggered application as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 2 is specially: if null terminator Null node has data to be sent, open the beacon frame that radio-frequency module is waited for leader cluster node; After receiving the beacon frame of leader cluster node, analytic varieties head node current period carries out the time of channel polling, and the competition of carrying out data by the mode of LPL in this moment sends, to inform the channel resource demand of leader cluster node oneself.
4. the network medium of wireless sensor access scheduling method based on Event triggered application as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 3 is specially: null terminator Null node is before any data send, after the mac layer frame head of current data packet, embed a MAC storage team leader indicator variable as first byte of valid data load, the value of this variable is the number of the outgoing data bag of current this terminal node, the i.e. queue length of MAC layer storage queue; Null terminator Null node, by sending data, has incidentally been given leader cluster node current MAC layer load information, thereby has been communicated the application of resource; Leader cluster node is correspondingly distribution T DMA time slot of specific node by queue length indicator variable.
5. the network medium of wireless sensor access scheduling method based on Event triggered application as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 4 is specially: if the child node that successfully sends packet by LPL mode when bunch channel polling still has data to be sent, its buffered data packet number has been informed leader cluster node, leader cluster node will carry out the distribution of channel resource to it in next super frame period, and inform child node information correlation time by beacon frame, child node proceeds to resting state saving energy after resolving one's own transmitting time segment information, and revive and carry out the transmission of data in the corresponding time period.
6. the network medium of wireless sensor access scheduling method based on Event triggered application as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 5 is specially: if child node does not have data to be sent, child node proceeds to resting state to save energy; After this, if do not have data to produce, child node is only revived received beacon frame information to maintain the time synchronized with leader cluster node at first in each cycle; Leader cluster node, when carrying out channel polling, if there is no the mutual of data, can think that child node does not have the demand of data transmission in certain hour section, and leader cluster node will proceed to resting state after having carried out this channel polling, until next super frame period starts.
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| CN107332650A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-11-07 | 燕山大学 | Dispatch channel resource strategy based on event response |
| CN108243485A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2018-07-03 | 北京邮电大学 | Time division multiple access channel cut-in method and device in a kind of wireless sensor network |
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| CN111182608A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-19 | 北京航天测控技术有限公司 | LoRa communication method based on multipath technology |
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