CN103580264B - Direct current micro-grid system with power supplied in looped network form - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种以环网形式供电的直流微网系统，包括：不同电压等级的环网状直流母线，连接在母线段之间的混合式电流断路器，以及连接到该直流母线上的光伏发电系统、储能电源、内燃机、变换器、直流负载、交流负载；储能电源和光伏发电系统通过变换器与不同电压等级的环网状直流母线相连；混合式限流断路器在直流母线的某一段线路出现故障点时动作，由其固态开关分断故障点；内燃机通过变换器与不同电压等级的环网状直流母线相连，在混合式限流断路器动作时，为直流微网系统的直流负载和交流负载提供备用电源。本发明的直流微网系统以环网形式供电，当线路某一部分出现故障，混合式限流断路器及时动作隔离故障部位，避免大面积停电事故。
The invention provides a DC micro-grid system powered in the form of a ring network, including: ring-network DC buses of different voltage levels, a hybrid current circuit breaker connected between bus sections, and a photovoltaic system connected to the DC bus. Power generation system, energy storage power supply, internal combustion engine, converter, DC load, AC load; energy storage power supply and photovoltaic power generation system are connected to ring-network DC busbars of different voltage levels through converters; When a fault point occurs in a certain section of the line, the fault point is broken by its solid-state switch; the internal combustion engine is connected to the ring-network DC busbar of different voltage levels through the converter, and when the hybrid current-limiting circuit breaker operates, it is the DC micro-grid system. loads and AC loads provide backup power. The DC micro-grid system of the present invention supplies power in the form of a ring network. When a certain part of the line fails, the hybrid current-limiting circuit breaker operates in time to isolate the faulty part and avoid large-scale power outages.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力技术领域，尤其涉及一种以环网形式供电的直流微网系统。The invention relates to the field of electric power technology, in particular to a DC micro-grid system powered in the form of a ring network.
背景技术Background technique
微网是指由分布式电源、储能装置、能量变换装置、相关负荷和监控、保护装置汇集而成的小型发配电系统，是一个能够实现自我控制、保护和管理的自治系统，既可以与大电网并网运行，也可以孤岛模式运行。Microgrid refers to a small power generation and distribution system composed of distributed power sources, energy storage devices, energy conversion devices, related loads and monitoring and protection devices. It is an autonomous system that can realize self-control, protection and management. It can run in parallel with the large power grid, and can also run in island mode.
目前，微网主要是以交流微网的形式存在。和交流微网相比，直流微网不需要对电压的相位和频率进行跟踪，可靠性大大提高，因而更加适合DER与负载的接入。理论上，直流微网仅需要一级变流器便能方便地实现与DER和负载的连接，具有更高转化效率；同时直流电在传输过程中不需要考虑配电线路的涡流损耗和线路吸收的无功能量，线路损耗得到降低。但是直流微网供电系统当线路某一部分出现故障就会导致整条线路停止供电，供电可靠性低。At present, microgrids mainly exist in the form of AC microgrids. Compared with the AC microgrid, the DC microgrid does not need to track the phase and frequency of the voltage, and its reliability is greatly improved, so it is more suitable for the access of DERs and loads. Theoretically, a DC microgrid only needs a primary converter to easily realize the connection with the DER and the load, and has higher conversion efficiency; at the same time, the DC power does not need to consider the eddy current loss of the distribution line and the absorption of the line during the transmission process. Reactive energy and line losses are reduced. However, in the DC micro-grid power supply system, when a part of the line fails, the entire line will stop power supply, and the power supply reliability is low.
在微网中，常常采用太阳能、风能、储能等分布式能源发电作为电源，在这些发电系统中，太阳能发电和储能是直接产生直流电能，风能发电虽然从发电机端口输出的是交流电能，但需要整流成直流电能。这些直流电能需要通过逆变器转换为交流电能，才可供负载使用。而现在的很多用电设备中，先把交流电能变为直流电能，再对直流电能进一步处理。可见，在以分布式能源发电为主的微网系统中，一些交直流转换的中间环节可以省去。In the microgrid, distributed energy generation such as solar energy, wind energy, and energy storage are often used as power sources. In these power generation systems, solar power generation and energy storage directly generate DC power, although wind power generation outputs AC power from the generator port. , but needs to be rectified into DC power. These DC power needs to be converted into AC power through an inverter before it can be used by the load. In many current electrical equipment, the AC power is first converted into DC power, and then the DC power is further processed. It can be seen that in the micro-grid system mainly based on distributed energy generation, some intermediate links of AC-DC conversion can be omitted.
发明名称为“一种适用于现代楼宇的三线制直流微网系统及其控制方法”的中国专利公开了一种直流微网系统结构，具体如图1所示：The Chinese patent titled "A Three-wire DC Micro-grid System Applicable to Modern Buildings and Its Control Method" discloses a DC micro-grid system structure, as shown in Figure 1:
该直流微网系统包括一条直流三线制配电线路、一台柴油发电机、至少一个带相应DC/DC变流器的光伏发电装置、一组储能蓄电池及其相应的DC/DC变流器、至少一个带相应直流负载的DC/DC变流器、至少一个带相应单相工频交流负载的DC/AC逆变器、一个带相应三相交流负载的频率幅值可调的DC/AC逆变器、一个接入大电网的三相AC/DC整流/逆变装置、一个电压平衡器、一个微网控制系统。The DC micro-grid system includes a DC three-wire power distribution line, a diesel generator, at least one photovoltaic power generation device with a corresponding DC/DC converter, a group of energy storage batteries and their corresponding DC/DC converters , at least one DC/DC converter with a corresponding DC load, at least one DC/AC inverter with a corresponding single-phase power frequency AC load, and one DC/AC with adjustable frequency amplitude corresponding to a three-phase AC load Inverter, a three-phase AC/DC rectifier/inverter connected to the large power grid, a voltage balancer, and a micro-grid control system.
现有技术公开的直流微网系统中，系统工作标称额定电压为750V，并采用柴发作为电源备用。该系统电压等级较高，在向直流负荷进行供电时，需要经过多次能量变换，并且当某一线路出现故障时，不能保证负荷的正常供电，此外柴发运行期间，该系统会造成一定的环境污染。In the DC micro-grid system disclosed in the prior art, the nominal rated voltage of the system is 750V, and a diesel generator is used as a backup power source. The voltage level of this system is relatively high. When supplying power to DC loads, it needs to go through multiple energy transformations, and when a certain line fails, the normal power supply to the load cannot be guaranteed. In addition, during the operation of the diesel engine, the system will cause certain environmental pollution.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种以环网形式供电的直流微网系统，包括：不同电压等级的环网状直流母线，连接在所述环网状直流母线的母线段之间的混合式电流断路器，以及连接到该环网状直流母线上的光伏发电系统、储能电源、内燃机、变换器、直流负载、交流负载；In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a DC micro-grid system powered in the form of a ring network, including: ring-network DC busbars of different voltage levels, a mixed bus section connected to the ring-network DC busbars type current circuit breaker, and the photovoltaic power generation system, energy storage power supply, internal combustion engine, converter, DC load, and AC load connected to the ring mesh DC bus;
所述储能电源和光伏发电系统分别通过所述变换器与所述不同电压等级的环网状直流母线相连，为所述直流微网系统供电；The energy storage power supply and the photovoltaic power generation system are respectively connected to the ring mesh DC buses of different voltage levels through the converter to supply power for the DC microgrid system;
所述混合式限流断路器在所述环网状直流母线的某一段线路出现故障点时动作，由其固态开关分断故障点；The hybrid current-limiting circuit breaker operates when a fault point occurs in a certain section of the ring-network DC bus, and its solid-state switch breaks the fault point;
所述内燃机通过所述变换器与所述不同电压等级的环网状直流母线相连，在所述混合式限流断路器动作时，为所述直流微网系统的直流负载和交流负载提供备用电源。The internal combustion engine is connected to the ring mesh DC buses of different voltage levels through the converter, and when the hybrid current-limiting circuit breaker operates, it provides backup power for the DC load and AC load of the DC microgrid system .
其中，所述变换器包括：三相DC/AC变换器、双向AC/DC变换器、双向DC/DC变换器、单向DC/DC变换器、单向DC/AC变换器、单向AC/DC变换器；Wherein, the converter includes: three-phase DC/AC converter, bidirectional AC/DC converter, bidirectional DC/DC converter, unidirectional DC/DC converter, unidirectional DC/AC converter, unidirectional AC/DC converter, DC converter;
所述光伏发电系统通过所述单向DC/DC变换器与所述环网状直流母线相连；The photovoltaic power generation system is connected to the ring mesh DC bus through the unidirectional DC/DC converter;
所述储能电源通过所述双向DC/DC变换器与所述环网状直流母线相连；The energy storage power supply is connected to the ring mesh DC bus through the bidirectional DC/DC converter;
所述内燃机通过所述双向AC/DC变换器和/或单向AC/DC变换器与所述环网状直流母线相连。The internal combustion engine is connected to the ring mesh DC bus through the bidirectional AC/DC converter and/or unidirectional AC/DC converter.
其中，所述直流负载为两组，每组分别有两个直流负载，每个直流负载通过单向DC/DC变换器与所述不同电压等级的环网状直流母线相连。Wherein, the DC loads are in two groups, and each group has two DC loads, and each DC load is connected to the ring mesh DC buses of different voltage levels through a unidirectional DC/DC converter.
其中，所述交流负载包括三相交流负载和单相工频交流负载；所述三相交流负载通过所述三相DC/AC变换器与所述环网状直流母线相连；所述单相工频交流负载通过所述单向DC/AC变换器与所述环网状直流母线相连。Wherein, the AC load includes a three-phase AC load and a single-phase power frequency AC load; the three-phase AC load is connected to the ring mesh DC bus through the three-phase DC/AC converter; the single-phase power frequency The high-frequency AC load is connected to the ring mesh DC bus through the unidirectional DC/AC converter.
其中，所述环网状直流母线的电压等级分别为240V和480V。Wherein, the voltage levels of the ring mesh direct current buses are 240V and 480V respectively.
其中，所述直流微网系统还包括与所述单向DC/DC变换器和所述双向DC/DC变换器连接的能量管理系统。Wherein, the DC microgrid system further includes an energy management system connected with the unidirectional DC/DC converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter.
其中，所述储能电源为蓄电池。Wherein, the energy storage power source is a storage battery.
实施本发明，该直流微网系统以环网形式供电，系统考虑了目前大部分的直流负荷用电需求，合理分配用电负荷，而且当线路某一部分出现故障，混合式限流断路器及时动作隔离故障部位，避免大面积停电事故，全面提升用电可靠性，通用性更强。In the implementation of the present invention, the DC micro-grid system supplies power in the form of a ring network. The system considers most of the current DC load power demand, reasonably distributes the power load, and when a certain part of the line fails, the hybrid current-limiting circuit breaker operates in time. Isolate faulty parts, avoid large-scale power outages, comprehensively improve power reliability, and have stronger versatility.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.
图1是现有技术中直流微网系统示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a DC microgrid system in the prior art;
图2是本发明提供的以环网形式供电的直流微网系统实施例一的示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of a DC microgrid system powered in the form of a ring network provided by the present invention;
图3是本发明提供的以环网形式供电的直流微网系统实施例二的示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of a DC microgrid system powered in the form of a ring network provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明提供的以环网形式供电的直流微网系统中，把直流微电网系统的标称额定电压设定为±240V。在直流微电网系统结构中，大电网、光伏、储能电源作为供电系统，其中在系统运行中光伏的发电量可以完全满足负荷需求时储能也作为负荷的一部分由光伏给储能充电，而内燃机作为备用电源，当大电网故障或者负荷需求较大时开启内燃机补偿剩余电负荷。通过单向DC/DC提供不同电压等级的直流负载，通过AC/DC提供家用220V交流单相负载用电。In the DC micro-grid system provided by the present invention that supplies power in the form of a ring network, the nominal rated voltage of the DC micro-grid system is set to ±240V. In the DC microgrid system structure, the large power grid, photovoltaics, and energy storage power supply are used as the power supply system. When the photovoltaic power generation can fully meet the load demand during system operation, the energy storage is also used as a part of the load to charge the energy storage by photovoltaics. The internal combustion engine is used as a backup power source. When the large power grid fails or the load demand is large, the internal combustion engine is turned on to compensate for the remaining electric load. Provide DC loads of different voltage levels through unidirectional DC/DC, and provide household 220V AC single-phase load power through AC/DC.
具体的，请参见图2，为本发明提供一种以环网形式供电的直流微网系统，其包括：不同电压等级的环网状直流母线，连接在所述环网状直流母线的母线段之间的混合式电流断路器，以及连接到该环网状直流母线上的光伏发电系统、储能电源、内燃机、变换器、直流负载、交流负载；Specifically, please refer to Fig. 2, which provides a DC micro-grid system powered in the form of a ring network for the present invention, which includes: ring-net DC buses of different voltage levels, connected to the bus section of the ring-net DC bus The hybrid current circuit breaker between them, as well as the photovoltaic power generation system, energy storage power supply, internal combustion engine, converter, DC load, and AC load connected to the ring mesh DC bus;
所述储能电源和光伏发电系统分别通过所述变换器与所述不同电压等级的环网状直流母线相连，为所述直流微网系统供电；The energy storage power supply and the photovoltaic power generation system are respectively connected to the ring-meshed DC buses of different voltage levels through the converter to supply power for the DC micro-grid system;
所述混合式限流断路器在所述环网状直流母线的某一段线路出现故障点时动作，由其固态开关分断故障点；The hybrid current-limiting circuit breaker operates when a fault point occurs in a certain section of the ring-network DC bus, and its solid-state switch breaks the fault point;
所述内燃机通过所述变换器与所述不同电压等级的环网状直流母线相连，在所述混合式限流断路器动作时，为所述直流微网系统的直流负载和交流负载提供备用电源。The internal combustion engine is connected to the ring mesh DC buses of different voltage levels through the converter, and when the hybrid current-limiting circuit breaker operates, it provides backup power for the DC load and AC load of the DC microgrid system .
具体的实现中，所述变换器包括：三相DC/AC变换器、双向AC/DC变换器、双向DC/DC变换器、单向DC/DC变换器、单向DC/AC变换器、单向AC/DC变换器；In a specific implementation, the converter includes: a three-phase DC/AC converter, a bidirectional AC/DC converter, a bidirectional DC/DC converter, a unidirectional DC/DC converter, a unidirectional DC/AC converter, a unidirectional To AC/DC converter;
所述光伏发电系统通过所述单向DC/DC变换器与所述环网状直流母线相连；The photovoltaic power generation system is connected to the ring mesh DC bus through the unidirectional DC/DC converter;
所述储能电源通过所述双向DC/DC变换器与所述环网状直流母线相连；The energy storage power supply is connected to the ring mesh DC bus through the bidirectional DC/DC converter;
所述内燃机通过所述双向AC/DC变换器和/或单向AC/DC变换器与所述环网状直流母线相连。The internal combustion engine is connected to the ring mesh DC bus through the bidirectional AC/DC converter and/or unidirectional AC/DC converter.
其中，所述直流负载为两组，每组分别有两个直流负载，每个直流负载通过单向DC/DC变换器与所述不同电压等级的环网状直流母线相连。Wherein, the DC loads are in two groups, and each group has two DC loads, and each DC load is connected to the ring mesh DC buses of different voltage levels through a unidirectional DC/DC converter.
其中，所述交流负载包括三相交流负载和单相工频交流负载；所述三相交流负载通过所述三相DC/AC变换器与所述环网状直流母线相连；所述单相工频交流负载通过所述单向DC/AC变换器与所述环网状直流母线相连。Wherein, the AC load includes a three-phase AC load and a single-phase power frequency AC load; the three-phase AC load is connected to the ring mesh DC bus through the three-phase DC/AC converter; the single-phase power frequency The high-frequency AC load is connected to the ring mesh DC bus through the unidirectional DC/AC converter.
其中，所述环网状直流母线的电压等级分别为240V和480V。Wherein, the voltage levels of the ring mesh direct current buses are 240V and 480V respectively.
如图3所示，所述直流微网系统还包括与所述单向DC/DC变换器和所述双向DC/DC变换器连接的能量管理系统。As shown in FIG. 3 , the DC microgrid system further includes an energy management system connected to the unidirectional DC/DC converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter.
本发明提出了±240V直流微网系统结构。该系统相比已有的直流微网系统，本发明中的系统以环网形式供电，并以内燃机作为系统的备用电源，当某一线路出现故障时，混合式限流断路器迅速动作，由固态开关分断故障点，供电系统不能完全满足负荷需求时则启动内燃机，保证负荷的正常供电。本发明中的系统结构简单，运行效率高，供电可靠性高。此外，本发明中的直流微网系统纯使用可再生能源和储能系统及内燃机进行能量供应，在节约了一次能源的同时也降低了环境污染，适合未来相关系统的发展建设需求。The invention proposes a ±240V DC microgrid system structure. Compared with the existing DC micro-grid system, the system in the present invention supplies power in the form of a ring network, and uses an internal combustion engine as a backup power source for the system. When a certain line fails, the hybrid current-limiting circuit breaker operates quickly. The solid-state switch disconnects the fault point, and when the power supply system cannot fully meet the load demand, the internal combustion engine is started to ensure the normal power supply of the load. The system in the invention has simple structure, high operation efficiency and high power supply reliability. In addition, the DC microgrid system in the present invention uses only renewable energy, energy storage systems and internal combustion engines for energy supply, which saves primary energy and reduces environmental pollution, and is suitable for the development and construction needs of related systems in the future.
值得注意的是，本发明描述的是直流微网系统的一种产品形式，其它满足本发明所述结构的产品，即使材质、器件名称、外观、器件摆放顺序等不影响产品特性的因素不相同，仍然属于本发明保护的范围。It is worth noting that the present invention describes a product form of the DC microgrid system, and other products that meet the structure described in the present invention, even if factors that do not affect product characteristics such as material, device name, appearance, and device placement sequence, etc. Same, still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be assumed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, some simple deduction or replacement can be made, which should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN106374533B (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2024-04-30 | 西安特来电智能充电科技有限公司 | Miniature energy network system |
| CN109038539A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2018-12-18 | 天津大学（青岛）海洋工程研究院有限公司 | A kind of alternating current-direct current mixing micro-capacitance sensor topology design method based on energy router |
| CN109245087A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-01-18 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Direct current power supply system |
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| CN110535141B (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2025-09-16 | 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 | Current-limiting type ring network controller and control method |
| ES2988815T3 (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2024-11-21 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Uninterruptible power supply, UPS, for connecting a polyphase load to an AC source and a DC source |
| CN113014196A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | Unmanned aerial vehicle energy management system topological structure |
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