CN103580091B - 用于多单元能量存储装置的能量存储单元 - Google Patents

用于多单元能量存储装置的能量存储单元 Download PDF

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CN103580091B
CN103580091B CN201310183572.3A CN201310183572A CN103580091B CN 103580091 B CN103580091 B CN 103580091B CN 201310183572 A CN201310183572 A CN 201310183572A CN 103580091 B CN103580091 B CN 103580091B
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吉亚斯·阿尔-卡迪
曼塞阿斯·约翰内斯·杰拉尔德斯·拉莫尔斯
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Datang NXP Semiconductors Co Ltd
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    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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Abstract

公开了一种用于多单元能量存储装置的能量存储单元。所述能量存储单元包括单元信息存储装置,所述单元信息存储装置适用于存储与所述能量存储单元有关的单元信息。

Description

用于多单元能量存储装置的能量存储单元
技术领域
本发明涉及用于多单元存储装置的能量存储单元。所述能量存储单元可以是电池单元或者电容器(超级电容器)单元。特别感兴趣的一个示例是在电动车辆电池组中使用的能量存储单元。
背景技术
在(混合)电动车辆中,大量串联连接的电池用于产生高电压来驱动发动机。为了电池单元的最佳寿命(和汽车的驱动范围),所有电池单元的充电状态(SoC)应当总是相同的。当给串联连接串中的单元充电时,它们都接收相同的电流,所以原则上它们在充电之后应当处于相同的SoC。然而,在电池单元之间总是存在不匹配,例如泄漏电流和将电流转换成化学储能(chemicallystoredenergy)的效率。因此,在充电之后所述电池的SoC将不是相同的。如果什么都不做,那么所述差异将随着每一个充放电循环而增大。
为了使所有电池的SoC尽可能保持相等,通常将单元平衡电路增加至(混合)电动汽车的高压电池组。
图1示出了具有如下限定部件的电池组的简化方框图:
-所述“单元(cell)”10或者“电池单元”10是基本能量存储部件(即不能被细分成更小的能量存储单位的单个能量存储单元)。依赖于化学和SoC,所述电压典型地为2.5-4.2V;
-“部分(section)”12是共享多个电子单元平衡部件的一组单元10。示出了两个部分12a、12b,其中只有部分12b示出了组成单元10。,依赖于所述部分12中单元10的数量、所述单元化学和SoC,所述电压典型地为5-17V;
-“模块(module)”14是一组部分12。示出了两个模块14a、14b,其中只有模块14b示出了组成部分12a、12b。通常将所述电压选择成“安全电压”,即最高至60V;
-“片组(slice)”16是一组串联连接的模块,这组串联连接的模块产生与总电池组相同的电压。示出了两片组16a、16b,其中只有片组16a示出了组成模块14a、14b。所述电压依赖于所述应用,大约在100V至600V的范围内。
“组(pack)”或“电池组(batterypack)”18是一组并联连接的片组16,这组并联连接的片组构成了用在应用中的总电池。所述并联连接增加了所述电池组的能含量(energycontent)和功率容量(powercapability),而不是其电压。在许多应用中,所述电池组18只有一个单独的片组16组成。依赖于应用,所述电压大约在100V至600V的范围内(与所述片组电压相同)。
在单元平衡方法中,可以通过开关其两端的电阻器对具有最高电荷的单元10进行简单地(部分地)放电。由于这是不节能的,这种方法主要用于混合电动车辆,因为引擎可以提供足够的能量给所述电池组,以保持驱动范围在可接受的级别。替代地,所述单元电荷可以在单元之间再循环来以维持平衡。
为了执行单元平衡,需要确定所述SoC。
图2示出了一种公知的多单元监控器(supervisor)20。所述多单元监控器用作所述组控制器的从动装置并且执行以下任务:
-所述组控制器要求单元电压和温度的精确测量,用于充电状态(SoC)、健康状态(SoH)和功能状态(SoF)确定。
-安全保护所有单元的过压和欠压限制。如果超过阈值,就产生硬件故障信号并且采取适当的动作(诸如切断所述组电流)。
-完成平衡以便使所述单元电荷相等并且对单元之间的泄漏差异进行补偿。
在一般情况下,所述单元监控器20测量所述单元电压并且将它们传递至组控制器。所述组控制器处理接收到的测量数据并且基于所述接收到的数据执行管理功能。例如,所述组控制器命令单元监控器20根据每一个单元10的充电状态平衡所述单元。
单元特性(例如单元SoC、SoH和SoF确定)和检查是监测每一个单元生命周期的连续过程。当用户需要替换损坏的单元时,用户还需要把与新单元有关的信息增加到所述组控制器管理查询表(look-up-table)中。同样,如果用户执行所述电池组上的服务,所述组内单元放置顺序可能会改变。这也意味着,各个单元信息也必须相应地改变,否则用户将会需要替换整个组(这是不经济的,也是不环境友好的)。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供了一种根据独立权利要求所述的能量存储单元。
建议把单元信息本地地存储在能量存储单元。换句话说,把与有助于单元管理的单元参数有关的信息维持在所述单元的信息存储中。因此,对于包括多个能量存储单元的多单元能量存储设备(诸如电池),可以给每一个能量存储单元提供其自己的单元信息存储装置。
所述单元信息存储装置可以是集成电路,所述集成电路适用于存储与下面至少其中之一有关的信息:单元电压、能量存储单元的温度、能量存储单元的SoC、能量存储单元的SoH和能量存储单元的SoF。所述单元信息存储装置也可以适用于利用所述控制器的现有通信接口把已存储的单元信息传送至常规多单元能量存储装置控制器。因此,对于采用常规多单元能量存储装置控制器的实施例,无需改进或者附加电路系统。
实施例使能诸如单元电压和温度之类的单元信息的存储,所述信息用于指示能量存储单元和/或多单元能量存储装置的SoC、SoH和SoF。
可以经由专用的双向(2-way)负载脉冲调制方法执行与单元的单元信息存储的通信。这可以在不向常规的控制器增加任何新的通信接口的情况下完成。
通过在能量存储单元处本地地存储单元信息,可以在不需要替换整个单元组的情况下进行多单元能量存储设备(诸如高电压电池组)上的单元维护。这可以延长所述多单元能量存储装置的寿命。
可以将所述单元信息存储装置物理地安装至所述能量存储单元并且与所述单元电连接。
实施例可用于多单元能量存储装置。因此,多单元能量存储装置可以包括多个根据实施例所述的能量存储单元。这种多单元能量存储装置还可以包括控制器,所述控制器适用于:识别需要从中去除电荷的能量存储单元,并且将能量从已识别单元传递至其他单元。
同样,实施例可用于电动车辆电池单元组。因此,电动车辆可以包括电动车辆电池组,所述电动车辆电池组包括一个或者多个多单元能量存储装置,所述多单元能量存储装置具有根据实施例所述的能量存储单元。
附图说明
现在将参考附图详细描述本发明的示例,其中:
图1示出了常规电池组的简化方框图,以示出不同的部件;
图2示出了连接至多个能量存储单元(串联排列)的常规多单元监控器的简化方框图;
图3示出了连接至根据本发明实施例所述的多个能量存储单元的常规多单元监控器的简化方框图;
图4A阐释了图3的单元监控器的晶体管栅极随时间的电压波形;
图4B阐释了在图3的C点处测量的电压的电压波形;
图5是图3的实施例所述单元信息存储电路的简化电路图,其中所述单元信息存储电路设置用于允许所述监控器与所述单元信息存储电路之间的双向通信,以及其中所述单元信息存储电路使用异步事件驱动通信;
图6示出了连接至根据本发明实施例所述的多个能量存储单元的常规多单元监控器的简化方框图;
图7是图3的实施例所述单元信息存储电路的简化电路图,其中所述单元信息存储电路设置用于允许所述监控器与所述单元信息存储电路之间的双向通信,以及其中所述单元信息存储电路通过根据两个数据输入重新产生系统时钟(如图8A和8B所示)来使用同步事件驱动通信;
图8A阐释了施加在图7的单元信息存储电路中的Data1、Data2和所产生的CLK信号的示例电压波形;以及
图8B示出了用于产生图7的实施例的时钟信号的电路的简化电路图。
具体实施方式
参考图3,示出了连接至根据本发明实施例的第一能量存储单元22至第四能量存储单元28的常规多单元监控器20。在此,能量存储单元指的是如上背景部分所述的单元。换句话说,能量存储单元是指多单元能量存储装置的基本能量存储部件(即不能被细分成更小的能量存储单位的单个能量存储单元)。
第一能量存储单元22至第四能量存储单元28是串联连接的,并且每一个能量存储单元均包括安装至其外壳并且经由感应元件32连接至能量存储单元的单元信息存储电路30。
在此,每一个单元信息存储电路30均是集成电路,所述集成电路适用于存储与所连接的能量存储单元有关的信息。这种信息包括单元电压、能量存储单元的温度、能量存储单元的SoC、能量存储单元的SoH和能量存储单元的SoF。
因此,每一个能量存储单元均包括信息存储器,所述信息存储器适用于存储与有助于单元管理的单元参数有关的信息。
单元信息存储电路30也适用于利用控制器的现有通信接口把已存储的单元信息传送至常规多单元能量存储装置控制器。感应元件32设置用于在通信过程期间使单元信息存储电路30从与其相关联的能量存储单元去耦(decouple),否则能量存储单元可能引起阻止通信的短路(由于所述单元的低阻抗)。
图4A阐释了图3的单元监控器20的晶体管Qo的栅极随时间的电压波形,以及图4B阐释了在图3的C点处测量到电压的电压波形。
感应线圈32两端的平均电压为0,因而第一能量存储单元22的单元信息存储电路30的平均电源电压(即如图4B所示C点处的电压)等于第一能量存储单元22的单元电压。在此,应当注意的是,将驱动晶体管Qo的通信脉冲注入单元信息存储电路30电源电压的项部。
通信脉冲不干涉晶体管Qo的正常平衡操作,因为开关频率相对于平衡频率(mHz)是高的(MHz),感应线圈32阻抗在与控制器20通信期间是高的。因此,在通信期间当感应线圈阻抗32为高时,没有实质电荷从能量存储单元22去掉。
图5更详细地示出了第一能量存储单元22的单元信息存储电路30。如上结合图3,单元信息存储电路30经由感应线圈32与第一能量存储单元22相连接,并且连接在控制器20的两个I/O连接之间。
单元信息存储电路30包括集成电路核34,所述集成电路核将其正电源电压Vdd经由第一电阻器R1连接至第一I/O连接36并且将其负电源电压Vss连接至第二I/O连接38。在IC核心34的正电源电压Vdd与负电源电压Vss之间连接有第一电容器C1。第一电阻器R1和第一电容器C1形成低通滤波器(LPF),所述低通滤波器在向IC核34提供电源电压的同时去掉通信脉冲。
第二电容器C2连接在IC核34的数据输入(Data)与第一I/O连接36之间,以及第二电阻器R2连接在IC核心34的数据输入(Data)与第二I/O连接38之间。钳位二极管D1也与第二电阻器R2并联连接。第二电阻器R2和第二电容器C2形成高通滤波器(HPF),所述高通滤波器通过利用钳位二极管D1找回相对于负电源电压Vss的通信脉冲。
晶体管开关S1连接在第一I/O连接36与第二I/O连接38之间,并且控制端子(例如用于MOSFET开关的栅极)连接至集成电路芯34的“控制”输出端。
转到图6,图6阐释了从单元信息存储电路30到单元监控器20的通信。这通过与单元监控器20的开尔文(Kelvin)连接完成。单元信息存储电路30通过切换晶体管开关S1上的电压(如图5和6所示)来使用负载调制技术。在通信期间,感应线圈阻抗32是相当高的,使得没有实质电荷从能量存储单元22去掉。这些线圈32的高阻抗允许单元信息存储电路30与单元监控器20之间的双向通信。
因此,图5的电路结构使能监控器20与IC核34之间的通信。
图7示出了图5所示电路的扩展,其中所述电路包括从两侧添加的对称输入。在此,IC核34B具有第一数据输入(Data1)和第二数据输入(Data2),并且按照与图5类似的方式设置。因此,第一数据输入(Data1)按照与图5的IC核34的数据输入(DATA)相同的方式连接。此外,第三电阻器R3和第二钳位二极管D2并联连接在第二电阻器R2与IC核34的第二数据输入(Data2)之间。第三电容器C3连接在IC核34的第二数据输入(Data2)与第二I/O连接38之间,并且第四电阻器R4连接在第一电容器C1与第二I/O连接38之间。
IC核34B包括两个数据输入Data1和Data2,用于时钟信号CLK产生和数据找回。第一数据输入(Data1)和第二数据输入(Data2)接收不同的数值,例如Data1预期接收如图8A和8B所示的脉冲序列的1而Data2接收0。
图8A和8B阐释了时钟信号CLK产生和数据提取,其中单元信息存储电路30通过从两个数据输入Data1和Data2重新产生系统时钟CLK来利用同步事件驱动通信。具体地,通过如图8所示对两个数据输入的“或”运算重新产生时钟信号CLK。
应当理解的是,实施例使能诸如用于能量存储单元本身中/处/上的SoC、SoH和SoF的单元电压和温度之类的单元信息的存储。可以利用专用双路负载脉冲调制技术执行在单元信息存储装置(诸如集成电路)之间的通信。用这种方式,可以采用常规控制器现有的I/O接口,无需任何改进。
实施例可以包括与诸如电池组的多单元能量存储装置的每一个能量存储单元相联系的单元信息存储装置。相应地,实施例可用于高压(HV)电池组(通常用于汽车领域或者电动车辆),并且可以允许电池组维护,使得避免替换整个电池组的需要。这样可以延长这种HV电池组的生命周期。因此混合或者电动车辆可以包括电池组,电池组包括具有根据实施例的能量存储单元的多单元能量存储装置。
也可以将本文件的技术应用于超级电容器,而不是电池单元。
本领域普通技术人员通过学习附图、说明书和所附权利要求在实践所主张的发明时可以理解并且实现所公开实施例的其他变化。在权利要求中,词语“包括”不排除其他元件或者步骤,并且不定冠词“一”或者“一个”不排除多个。唯一的事实在于在相互不同的从属权利要求中引用的特定措施不表示不能有利地使用这些方法的组合。权利要求中的任何参考符号不应当解释为限制范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于多单元能量存储装置的能量存储单元(22),所述能量存储单元包括单元信息存储装置(30),所述单元信息存储装置适用于存储与所述能量存储单元有关的信息,其中所述单元信息存储装置(30)包括与所述能量存储单元并联连接的集成电路(30),其中所述集成电路(30)包括:
集成电路核(34),包括正电源电压输入端(Vdd)和负电源电压输入端(Vss)、数据输入端(Data)和控制输出端(Control);
连接在所述正电源电压输入端与所述负电源电压输入端之间的低通滤波器;
连接在所述数据输入端与所述负电源电压输入端之间的高通滤波器;以及
连接在所述正电源电压输入端与所述负电源电压输入端之间的开关(S1),其中所述正电源电压输入端通过电阻器连接至开关的第一端,所述负电源电压输入端通过电阻器连接至开关的第二端,所述集成电路核的控制输出端连接至开关的控制端,以便控制所述开关的操作,所述操作包括切换所述开关上的电压来使用负载调制技术。
2.根据权利要求1所述的能量存储单元,其中所述集成电路(30)包括:
集成电路核(34B),包括正电源电压输入端(Vdd)和负电源电压输入端(Vss)、第一数据输入端(Data1)和第二数据输入端(Data2)以及控制输出端(Control);
连接在所述正电源电压输入端与所述负电源电压输入端之间的低通滤波器;
连接在所述第一数据输入端与所述负电源电压输入端之间的高通滤波器;
连接在所述第二数据输入端与所述负电源电压输入端之间的低通滤波器;以及
连接在所述正电源电压输入端与所述负电源电压输入端之间的开关(S1),其中所述集成电路核的控制输出端连接至开关的控制端,以便控制所述开关的操作。
3.根据权利要求2所述的能量存储单元,其中所述集成电路核(34B)适用于基于在所述第一数据输入端(Data1)和第二数据输入端(Data2)上存在的信号,产生经由所述控制输出端(Control)输出的开关控制信号。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的能量存储单元,其中所述单元信息存储装置(30)是与所述能量存储单元电感去耦的。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的能量存储单元,其中所述单元信息包括与下面至少其中之一有关的信息:单元电压;能量存储单元的温度;能量存储单元的充电状态;能量存储单元的健康状态;以及能量存储单元的功能状态。
6.一种多单元能量存储装置,包括多个根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的能量存储单元。
7.根据权利要求6所述的多单元能量存储装置,还包括控制器,所述控制器适用于:
识别需要从中去除电荷的一个或多个能量存储单元;以及
将能量从识别的一个或多个单元传递至一个或多个其他单元。
8.一种电动车辆电池单元组,包括一个或者更多个根据权利要求6或7所述的多单元能量存储装置。
9.一种包括电池组的电动车辆,所述电池组包括一个或者更多个根据权利要求6或7所述的多单元能量存储装置。
10.一种包括电池组的混合车辆,所述电池组包括一个或者更多个根据权利要求6或7所述的多单元能量存储装置。
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