CN103579851B - 用于电动车辆充电的自动回收、自动弹出机构 - Google Patents

用于电动车辆充电的自动回收、自动弹出机构 Download PDF

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CN103579851B
CN103579851B CN201310303144.XA CN201310303144A CN103579851B CN 103579851 B CN103579851 B CN 103579851B CN 201310303144 A CN201310303144 A CN 201310303144A CN 103579851 B CN103579851 B CN 103579851B
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vehicle
plug
ejecting mechanism
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release lever
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CN103579851A (zh
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斯科特·M·斯特离
米洛斯·米拉奇科
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/18—Cables specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/305—Communication interfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62—Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H01R13/629—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances
    • H01R13/633—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances for disengagement only
    • H01R13/635—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances for disengagement only by mechanical pressure, e.g. spring force
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/30—Preventing theft during charging
    • B60L2270/32—Preventing theft during charging of electricity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/30—Preventing theft during charging
    • B60L2270/34—Preventing theft during charging of parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及电动车辆，包括：配置为接受充电插头的连机器；以及相对于连接器设置的弹出机构，其配置为在预定的条件下弹出插头。

Description

用于电动车辆充电的自动回收、自动弹出机构
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆充电站及支承装置。
背景技术
一些现代车辆配置为关闭电源运行车辆的动力系统。这些车辆减少了排放物并降低了燃油消耗。至少为了该原因，混合动力电动的和电动车辆已经越来越受欢迎。对于插入式（plug-in）混合动力电动车辆和电动车辆，要求驾驶者在充电站将车辆插上插头以接通电源。充电时间可能不同，这取决于有多少电池组在之前的通勤中已被耗竭、充电速率及安装能力。对于插入式混合动力电动和电动车辆的用户，使用在家或在工作中的车辆充电站是例行程序。
具有较少时间消耗的车辆充电方式是令人期待的。例如，当电动车辆和插入式混合电动车辆插上插头以接通电源并且驾驶者启动汽车时，一些车辆有能力检测到插头和连接器仍然附接并阻止车辆启动。尽管如此，在这些情况下，驾驶者不得不离开车辆，手动拔去充电器的插头，重新进入车辆，然后再进行车辆启动。
同样，名称为“用于车辆的可收回的高架充电电线分配器”的第8,058,841号美国专利教导一种带有用于电线存储的机动卷轴的可收回充电电线分配器。虽然该专利的教导使电线的存储更有效率，但仍存在对卷轴马达的更智能驱动和对充电器弹出的控制的需要。
因此，对于用在车辆充电站中的连接器，插头以及电线，具有自动弹出及回收程序是令人期待的。
发明内容
本发明致力于解决一个或多个上述问题。其他特征和/或优点将由下述说明变得明显。
一示例性实施例涉及电动车辆，具有：配置为接受充电插头的连接器；以及相对于连接器设置的弹出机构，其配置为在预定的条件下弹出插头。
另一示例性实施例涉及用于电动车辆的插头弹出机构，包括：配置为当插头被插入连接器时向充电插头施加力的弹簧；配置为选择性地将弹簧保持在压缩位置的释放杆；以及配置为控制释放杆的驱动器。
另一示例性实施例涉及车辆充电站，包括：用于插头和电源线的自动收回卷盘组件，其配置为当感知到预定的状态时收回电源线。
本发明的一个优点在于它教导一种车辆充电系统，其中驾驶者不是必须离开车辆去拔掉充电插头。
以下参照附图以举例的方式更详细地解释本发明，其中，附图中的相同的或实质上相同的元素使用相同的附图标记。当结合附图，本发明的上述特征和优点以及其他特征和优点很容易能从以下实施本发明的最佳方式的详细描述中显现。在附图中：
附图说明
图1是连接至车辆的示例性车辆充电站的透视图；
图2是与车辆分离的图1中的车辆充电站的透视图；
图3是图1的连接器和插头的透视图；
图4是图3的连接器组件的分解图；
图5是图4的连接器组件的另一个分解图；
图6是根据本发明的另一个示例性连接器组件的分解图；
图7是根据本发明的另一个示例性连接器组件的分解图；
图8是根据本发明的另一个示例性连接器组件的分解图；
图9是与图4中的连接器组件相适配的释放杆的示意图；
图10是根据本发明的另一示例性的释放杆的示意图；
图11是根据本发明示例性实施例的车辆系统和充电站的原理说明图；
图12是根据本发明示例性实施例的电线存储单元的原理说明图。
具体实施方式
参照附图，在所有的视图中，相似符号代表相同或相应部件的实例，其中示出带有在预定条件下从车辆的连接器弹出或放出充电插头的弹出机构的电动车辆。车辆控制单元，例如，发动机控制单元（ECU）或车辆控制模块（VCM），被配置为驱动弹出机构。在一些实施例中，当车辆开始启动程序时，弹出机构被驱动。在其他实施例中，弹出机构配置为接受来自用户界面的弹出命令信号。此后，充电插头自动弹出。本发明的教导适用于任何形式的可充电车辆，包括，例如，电动车辆，燃料电池电动车辆，或插入式混合电动车辆，其应用在任何不同类型的车辆平台上，包括但不限于，皮卡车，大蓬货车，小型货车，运动型多用途车辆，箱式轿车，轿跑车，商用车辆以及所有多用途车。
在下文还讨论用于可充电车辆的车辆充电站。充电站包括用于电源线的机动卷盘组件。充电站配置为当预定状态被感知或检测到时自动收回电源线。在一些实施例中，充电站配置为当检测到插头从连接器分离时收回电源线。在其他实施例中，充电站配置为接受用户命令收回电线。
现在参照图1和图2，其中示出带有在透视视图中部分被示出的停放车辆20的示例性的车辆充电站10。在图2中，插头30从车辆连接器（或插座）40上分离，因此连接器的接脚50或接受器被示出。在图1和图2中，车辆20的后部被示出为具有连接至充电插头30的充电接入点60。车辆20是电动车辆，包括示出为具有正极和负极接线柱的电池组70。如图2所示，当车辆被适当地停放时，充电接入点60相对于电源插头组件80的距离在指定的范围内。
如图1中所示，电源插头组件80包括通过电源线90连接至电源（未示出）的电源插头30。插头30包括在插头外壳基部上的释放扳柄100或把手。通过释放扳柄100控制手动联接和分离。电线90被包括在充电站10中，并且可通过臂120栓在车库顶部110或天花板上，如图所示。在所示实施例中，臂120包括导轨130或滚珠轴承以辅助电线90相对于臂运动。从臂120偏移的是卷盘组件140。卷盘组件140可经支架150安装至天花板，如图所示。在其他实施例中，卷盘组件安装在墙上或地板上。马达160被联接至卷盘组件140。在所说明的实施例中，马达160配置为相对于中轴或垂直线，Z，顺时针方向或逆时针方向转动卷盘的中轴170（直接地或经传动装置，未示出），以分别收回或展开插头。控制单元（例如，关于图11讨论的系统控制器920）包括在卷盘组件140中，以控制马达的旋转或停止。
现在参照图3，其中示出车辆连接器40和插头30的透视图。插头30示为从车辆连接器40上分离。连接器40嵌入车辆内，处于外部金属薄板的后面。充电接入点60包括配置为围绕铰链190枢转的门180。连接器40包括一系列沿连接器面的圆周环状设置的突出物200，210，220。在本实施例中，突出物被设置为间隔120度。突出物200和突出物210为支承突出物，其配置为当插头30联接至连接器时垂直地加固插头30。突出物220包括挂钩240，插头30上的可驱动的释放杆250可联接于其上。杆250通过双棒（two-bar）联动装置（未示出）可枢转地安装至插头外壳并连接至释放扳柄100。配套端子270，280分别包括在连接器40和插头30中。插头的管口290配置为配合连接器40中的凹槽300。
如图4中所示，邻近连接器40的凹槽300的是弹簧承载表面310，其配置为当释放弹簧320未被压缩时施加正常的负载至插头管口290（图3的）。图4图示出图3的连接器40的分解图。连接器40通过紧固件330联接至车辆结构。弹簧承载表面310如所示的那样被嵌入凹槽300。表面310是配置为配合连接器的凹槽300的环形的垫圈或环。表面310可由任何材质构成，包括聚合物或金属。在本实施例中，表面310由非传导性的材料，例如，橡胶或塑料构成。弹簧的展开由释放杆340控制。示例性的释放杆340在下文中根据图9和图10详细讨论。释放杆340由驱动器350控制。驱动器350配置为将释放杆340的位置从联接位置改变至释放位置。在一实施例中，驱动器350是磁力驱动器，释放杆配置为响应磁场。在另一实施例中，驱动器是气动驱动器。
图5详述用于图4的连接器的弹出机构360。该弹出机构360的分解图被示出。在表面310后面是一系列螺旋弹簧320，其相对于连接器外壳环状设置。当弹出机构360待用时，弹簧320沿连接器外壳被轴向压缩。弹簧320通常被固定至连接器外壳及表面310。较少的或更多的弹簧可合并入弹出机构。
现在转至图6-8，其中示出几个其他的用于车辆连接器的弹出机构的示例性实施例。在图6中所示为另一个示例性的弹出机构400的分解图。在表面410后面是单独的螺旋弹簧420，其相对于连接器外壳430环形设置。当弹出机构待用时，弹簧420沿连接器外壳430被轴向压缩。弹簧420也通常被固定至连接器外壳430和表面410。
图7图解出另一用于根据本发明的车辆连接器的示例性弹出机构450。图7是弹出机构450的分解图。在表面460后面是一系列活塞470，其相对于连接器外壳480环形设置。活塞470配置为沿连接器外壳480轴向移动。每个活塞470存储在流体通道490中。液压或气压驱动器500通过管线505连接至液压源，且泵或压缩机连接到流体通道490。气压驱动器500可包括每个流体通道490和液压源之间的阀（未示出）。该阀可以是，例如，由ECU控制的机电阀。较少的或更多的活塞可以合并入连接器组件。
现在转到图8，图解出用于根据本发明的另一车辆连接器的示例性弹出机构550。图8是弹出机构550的分解图。在表面560后面是一系列接脚570，其相对于连接器外壳580环形设置。接脚570连接至螺线管590。螺线管590配置为沿连接器外壳580轴向移动。螺线管590可以是例如由ECU控制。在另一实施例中，螺线管590也触发安装在把手上的（handle-mounted）释放扳柄（例如，图3所示的100）的释放。较少的或更多的接脚或螺线管可以合并入连接器。
现在转至图9，其中示出示例性的释放杆组件600的原理图。释放杆组件600可用于释放连接器弹出机构中的弹簧承载表面（例如，图3中所示的310）。释放杆610也可用于分别地或同时地从连接器释放插头，或者替代或辅助安装在把手上的释放扳柄（例如，关于图3所讨论的100）。
图9中所示的释放杆组件600包括释放臂620。释放臂620在一端具有挂钩630，以抑制或限制表面的移动。释放臂620配置为沿轴线A相对于车辆直线移动。在本实施例中，螺线管组件640连接至释放杆610的另一端。螺线管640配置为从释放位置移动至联接位置。组件包括连接至车辆ECU660的螺线管控制器650。在另一实施例中，控制器650合并入ECU。
如图9中所示，ECU660配置为当三个不同的预定条件中的任一个被满足时驱动释放杆610。首先，当车辆钥匙670放入点火器内时，信号被发送至ECU660。可以通过例如当金属质的钥匙轴完全插入点火器或车辆点火器内的开关时形成回路来执行车辆钥匙检测。
其次，如图9中所示的ECU660兼容用于无钥匙进入系统。在一实施例中，一旦无钥匙进入的无线鉴别装置被VCM检测到，发送一个信号至ECU660。作为回应，ECU660驱动释放杆610。在另一实施例中，当按下启动按钮680，ECU660配置为驱动释放杆610。在这种情况下，当ECU660启动或检测到车辆启动时，ECU驱动释放杆610，因此激活弹出机构。
第三，如图9中所示，ECU660配置为依据收到从连接器弹出插头的用户命令驱动释放杆610。车辆包括弹出按钮690，车辆驾驶者可按压弹出按钮690以驱动释放杆610及弹出机构。按钮690可以合并入例如车辆仪表盘或转向柱附件盘。按钮690连接至车辆辅助电源以便不管车辆的操作状态如何，都会检测到并执行插头弹出的用户命令。在一实施例中，按钮690相对于车辆远程设置。按钮690合并入车辆遥控钥匙。在车辆上的接收器配置为从遥控钥匙接受无线命令，并向ECU发送弹出命令。蓝牙，无线电，红外线或其他无线标准均可以合并入接收器和遥控钥匙发送器，以便能够实现远程弹出机构驱动。
不同类型的释放杆组件700在图10中被示出。释放杆组件700配置为与连接器弹出机构中的弹簧承载表面（例如，可由释放杆340驱动的310，如图3中所示）一起使用。释放杆710也可用于分别或同时从连接器中释放插头以替代或辅助安装在把手上的释放扳柄（例如，相对于图3所讨论的100）。与前面的实施例相似，图10中所示的释放杆组件700包括释放臂720。释放臂720具有位于一端的挂钩730，以抑制或限制表面移动。释放臂720在740处可枢转地固定至车辆。在臂720的端部750处，联接着机械线缆760。线缆760由套管770所防护。线缆760延伸至螺线管驱动器780。在本实施例中，驱动器780是螺线管。如图10中所示，螺线管驱动器780配置为相对于车辆移动。组件包括配置为控制螺线管驱动器780的ECU790。
如图10中所示，ECU790配置为当不同的预定条件中的任一种被满足时驱动释放杆710。第一种条件是如上文所讨论的当钥匙800被插入点火器时。第二种条件是当车辆无钥匙启动按钮810的驱动时，第三种条件是当收到指示经由按钮820弹出插头的用户命令的信号时，示例也在上文讨论过。
如图10中所示，释放杆710也可以是机械驱动。把手830被设置为远离螺线管驱动器780并连接至线缆760。把手830的移动使释放杆710枢转。在另一实施例中，把手830被设置在车辆的中央控制台内。在另一实施例中，把手830被放置在接近驾驶者座椅的地板上。
现在参考图11，其中所示为两个用于可再充电的车辆和充电站的示例性的控制回路850，860。车辆充电控制回路850包括ECU870。ECU870配置为驱动位于连接器组件890内的弹出机构880。示例性弹出机构相对于图4-8已讨论过。ECU870连接至车辆点火器系统900。当机械钥匙被插入点火器和/或在点火器中转动时，点火器系统900发送信号至ECU870。当接收到任一信号时，ECU870驱动弹出机构880。
ECU870也连接至启动按钮，例如图10中所示的810。启动按钮可以合并入车辆仪表盘或实施在遥控启动系统中。一旦ECU780接收到启动命令已被发送的指示，ECU驱动弹出机构880。ECU870也连接至用于中继转发弹出命令的用户按钮，例如图10中所示的820。如果用户按压弹出按钮，信号被发送至ECU，该信号随后激活弹出机构880。尽管显示每个部件由电线连接，无线通信装置也可以合并入任何一个部件，以实现无线连接。
用于充电站的控制回路860也在图11中示意性地示出。充电站包括配置为连接至连接器890的插头910。插头910连接至系统控制器920。控制器920配置为控制卷盘马达930。卷盘马达930配置为相对于电源线（例如，图1中所示的90）在收回方向和展开方向转动。如图11中所示，传感器940（下文也会讨论到）被联接至马达930并配置为读取马达的转矩。系统控制器920包括连接探测逻辑器950。连接探测逻辑器950配置为确定插头的连接状态。在一实施例中，连接探测逻辑器950连接至系统控制器中的接收器。接收器从车辆和/或远程控制器获取与插头连接状态关联的信号。如果车辆ECU发送激活命令至弹出机构，VCM也转送指示插头的分离的信号至系统控制器。系统控制器920配置为驱动马达930并在收回方向转动卷盘轴（例如，图1中所示的170）。
如图11中所示，系统控制器还包括状态检测逻辑器960。状态探测逻辑器960配置为从指示插头910连接状态的传感器中获取读数。示例性传感器可包括对马达的转矩监控器，对马达的电流监控器，对电线的张力检测监控器/能量转换器，或其他传感器。当收到指示插头分离的信号时，系统控制器配置为在某一方向上转动卷盘轴以便收回电源线。系统控制器920也配置为接收指示所期望的或需要的插头展开的信号。展开信号可通过例如VCM或远程控制器发送。
图12示意性地部分描述了车辆充电站1000，其带有用于检测插头1020的连接状态的示例性的传感器1010。卷盘1005具有卷盘轴马达1030，其包括用于检测马达上的转矩负载的传感器1010。当转矩超过预定的水平时，使系统控制器知道插头1020仍旧连接在车辆连接器上或存在阻碍。
虽然实施本发明的最佳方式已被详细的说明，本领域技术人员将认识到处于所附权利要求的保护范围内的实践本发明的不同替代设计和实施例。

Claims (8)

1.电动车辆，其特征在于，包含：
配置为接受充电插头的连接器；
相对于连接器设置的弹出机构，其配置为在预定的条件下弹出插头；以及
容纳在连接器的凹槽内、配置为弹出机构被驱动时将负载施加至插头的表面，所述表面为环形的垫圈或环，
其中，所述弹出机构包括：
配置为当插头被插入连接器时向插头施加力的弹簧；
配置为选择性地将弹簧保持在压缩位置的释放杆，所述释放杆包括释放臂，所述释放臂在一端具有挂钩，以抑制或限制所述表面的移动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述弹出机构包括：
配置为控制释放杆的驱动器。
3.根据权利要求1所述车辆，其特征在于，释放杆连接至螺线管。
4.根据权利要求1所述车辆，其特征在于，释放杆连接至手动释放杆。
5.根据权利要求1所述车辆，其特征在于，预定的条件是车辆启动。
6.根据权利要求1所述车辆，其特征在于，进一步包含：
配置为检测车辆何时启动的车辆控制模块；
其中，车辆控制模块连接至弹出机构；以及
其中，预定的条件是车辆启动的开始。
7.根据权利要求1所述车辆，其特征在于，进一步包含：
用户界面；以及
连接至用户界面的车辆控制模块；
其中，车辆控制模块连接至弹出机构。
8.根据权利要求7所述车辆，其特征在于，预定的条件是操作者发出的弹出命令信号。
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