CN103579652A - Fuel-cell power generation system for supplying hydrogen by hydrolyzing magnesium hydride - Google Patents
Fuel-cell power generation system for supplying hydrogen by hydrolyzing magnesium hydride Download PDFInfo
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- CN103579652A CN103579652A CN201310279448.7A CN201310279448A CN103579652A CN 103579652 A CN103579652 A CN 103579652A CN 201310279448 A CN201310279448 A CN 201310279448A CN 103579652 A CN103579652 A CN 103579652A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel-cell power generation system for supplying hydrogen by hydrolyzing magnesium hydride. The fuel-cell power generation system comprises the combination of hydrogen generation by hydrolyzing MgH2 and a proton membrane fuel cell. The fuel-cell power generation system utilizes a Kipps apparatus principle and can realize a hydrogen generation immediate supplying/stopping technology. A hydrolysis reactor water bath (1) is communicated with a fuel cell cooling water bath (7) by a pipeline; working residual heat of a fuel cell set is used for heating a reactor to carry out hydrolysis reaction. In the working process, the water baths are communicated to keep the working temperature of a hydrolysis reactor and the working temperature of a fuel cell constant so as to be good for carrying out the reaction. The hydrolysis reactor is connected with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell by a pipeline; water generated by the working of the proton membrane fuel cell can be balanced with water consumed by hydrolyzing the MgH2 so as to realize the cyclic utilization of the water; theoretically, the water does not need to be injected from the outside. A hydrolysis reaction product, namely magnesium hydroxide sediments, can be filtered and recycled by a hydrolysis reactor filtering machine and is industrially utilized to reduce the cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to magnesium hydride hydrolytic hydrogen production, specifically relate to a kind of fuel cell generation of magnesium hydride hydrolyzation hydrogen supplying.
Background technology
Hydrogen Energy is a kind of desirable fuel, and its combustion heat value is high, combustion product is water, zero pollution, and quality is light, can obtain from other renewable resources.Fuel cell power generation is compared with the generating of traditional gasoline, has high efficiency, low pollution, operation noise is little and the advantage such as easy detection.
Hydrogen Energy and proton membrane fuel battery assembly, chemical energy can be converted into electric energy, being particularly suitable for making becomes lightweight, is convenient to mobile clean energy products of carrying purposes, be the energy technology of a kind of very attractive, alternative conventional batteries and generator, can be widely used in the fields such as boats and ships, automobile, Aero-Space, field work.
The application of Hydrogen Energy need to solve the restriction of the three aspects :s such as hydrogen manufacturing, storage and transportation.Existing industrial hydrogen mostly adopts fossil fuel hydrogen manufacturing and water electrolysis hydrogen production, and its remarkable deficiency is mainly manifested in: (1) hydrogen production efficiency is not high; (2) energy resource consumption is large; (3) environmental pollution is serious; (4) hydrogen storage problem does not effectively solve.Liquefaction of hydrogen can solve the problem of Hydrogen Energy storage to a certain extent, but still cannot overcoming energy resource consumption, large (capacity reaches the large-scale liquefaction factory of 10000 kgs/hr, need expend its liquefaction hydrogen contained energy 30%), hydrogen container high in cost of production is not enough, the feature of liquid hydrogen volatile (vacuum-packed fuel tank leak rate every day reaches 2%) has also increased the danger of transport process simultaneously.
Hydrolytic hydrogen production technology is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, realizes hydrogen manufacturing, storage, the integrated effective scheme of transportation.Water electrolysis hydrogen production technology is the present most popular technology that renewable resource is converted to hydrogen, and process for making hydrogen process is fairly simple, also can not produce pollution, but the energy of decomposition water need provide by the external world, and consumption is large.
The hydrogen manufacturing of early stage employing sodium borohydride aqueous solution, can regulate easily hydrogen output and hydrogen-producing speed to meet the needs of different capacity fuel cell, but sodium borohydride aqueous solution hydrogen manufacturing need to add certain catalyst, and high hydrogen manufacturing cost has also limited its promotion and application.
Alkalescence, alkaline-earth metal and hydride thereof produce hydrogen by hydrolysis, are a kind of very promising Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells hydrogen source technology.Consider the factor of each side, aluminium, magnesium and hydride hydrolytic hydrogen production thereof are the two schemes that has competitiveness, and bauxite resource is abundant, hydrogen output is large, but the reactivity of aluminium is medium, at room temperature generally be not hydrolyzed, meanwhile, the storage of aluminium material, transportation still need strict anti-oxidation measure; AlH
3because preparation cost is high, cannot prepare by conventional method, therefore, AlH
3be applied in civilian popularization and have very large difficulty.
The earth resource of Mg is abundant, simple substance Mg and MgH
2be at room temperature hydrolyzable, hydrogen desorption capacity is large, density is little, wherein, MgH
2possesses good oxygen-proof property, to MgH
2, can either realize the safe and efficient storage of hydrogen, can in the process of reacting with water, emit the H of storage again
2, participate in the H reacting simultaneously
2in 0 molecule, the H atom of half is emitted with the form of H2, and hydrogen desorption capacity increases 1 times, can reach 15.31% (mass fraction), is the new technology with significant advantage.
The major obstacle of restriction magnesium hydride hydrolytic hydrogen production through engineering approaches application is at present: (1) magnesium hydride By Hydrolysis At Room Temperature generates magnesium hydroxide, be attached to unreacted magnesium hydride surface, stop further carrying out of hydrolytic process, but in temperature, surpass 70 (℃ water in, sufficient reacting and speed, be shown in accompanying drawing 2; (2) compare with traditional fossil energy, utilize magnesium hydride hydrolytic hydrogen production, cost is relatively high, in price competition, does not preponderate.
MgH
2+2H
2O=2H
2+Mg(OH)
2 (1)
2H
2+O
2=2H
2O (2)
Composite type (1) and formula (2), can obtain formula (3):
MgH
2+O
2=Mg(OH)
2 (3)
To sum up can know, in fact MgH
2the water that the water consuming in hydrolytic process and proton membrane fuel battery effect produce is equivalent, if can recycle the water that proton membrane fuel battery produces, MgH
2hydrolytic process will not need the external world that water is provided in theory, can realize the principle of recycling economy; And the water over 70 ℃ that utilizes pem cell to produce, in conjunction with hydrolytic process liberated heat, controls reaction chamber temperature, can guarantee that reaction continues to carry out, and not need the external world that heat is provided.
A kind of scheme that recycles reaction heat is provided in CN101597023A, has utilized the reaction heat that sodium borohydride produces in catalyzing hydrolysis to heat fuel fluid (being sodium borohydride aqueous solution), improved hydrolysis efficiency.Be different from the scheme in CN101597023A, the present invention utilizes fuel cell unit working afterheat heated water bath, by water-bath, improve reactor medium temperature, open hydrolysis, after steady operation, UNICOM's water-bath can balance hydrolysis reaction heat and fuel cell unit working afterheat, assurance fuel cell unit and the work of hydrolysis reactor efficient stable.
In order to realize the real-time confession of hydrogen, stop, the present invention is by MgH
2powder pressurization is prepared into block, and the real-time confession that utilizes kipp gas generator principle can realize hydrogen stops.
In CN101049907B, design a kind of method and apparatus of instant self-controlled hydrogen supplying method of borohydride hydrolytic hydrogen production, utilized the pressure differential between reaction zone vessel and storing area container to realize the instant self-controlled of hydrogen.Mobile phase is the aqueous solution of boron hydride, by by solution with catalyst separation or contact, realize stopping or starting of hydrogen supply.Be different from the method and apparatus in CN101049907B, in the present invention, reactant is MgH
2block, and reactant is all the time in reactor vessel, and this is designed with to be beneficial to and keeps reactant in stable condition.In the present invention, mobile phase is deionized water, and recycles by filter, is conducive to keep the stable of reaction medium in hydrolysis reactor.
In JP2009099534A, designed a kind of MgH of utilization
2powder hydrolytic hydrogen production, and give the method and apparatus of fuel cell unit hydrogen supply.Wherein mention the water producing in collection fuel cell unit power generation process and recycled, utilized fuel cell to charge to secondary cell, and to MgH
2powder heats.Be different from JP2009099534A, in the present invention, fuel cell unit adopts water cooling, is applicable to high-power (being greater than 5 kilowatts) Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT), and this process is collected the more efficient facility of the water producing in power generation process.In the present invention, reactant is MgH
2block prepared by powder pressing, the real-time confession that is beneficial to hydrogen stops.In the present invention, the waste-heat cooling bath that utilizes fuel cell to produce, and then heating hydrolysis reactor unlatching hydrolysis, which is more reasonable.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the device of a kind of magnesium hydride hydrolytic hydrogen production and proton membrane fuel battery assembly, being applicable to making becomes lightweight, is convenient to mobile clean energy products of carrying purposes, be the energy technology of a kind of very attractive, alternative conventional batteries and generator, can be widely used in the fields such as boats and ships, automobile, Aero-Space, field work.
In order to realize above object, technical scheme of the present invention is: the invention provides a kind of fuel cell generation of magnesium hydride hydrolyzation hydrogen supplying, this installs by hydrolysis reactor water-bath, the total pressure valve of hydrogen, hydrogen container, hydrogen pressure regulator, hydrogen partial pressure valve, humidifier, cooling water of fuel cell bath, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), air compressor, water-bath circulating water pump, water tank, hydrolysis reactor filter, hydrolysis reactor, MgH
2briquetting, air chamber unit form.Hydrolysis reactor is put into hydrolysis reactor water-bath can keep constant temperature, and hydrolysis reactor water-bath is bathed and is connected with pipeline with cooling water of fuel cell; MgH2 briquetting is put into hydrolysis reactor, pick out 3 pipeline ,Yi roads and be directly connected with water tank on hydrolysis reactor, the hydrolysis reactor filter of leading up to is connected with water tank, and the total pressure valve of the hydrogen of separately leading up to is connected with hydrogen container; The outlet of water tank is connected with Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells by pipeline, and one end of fuel cell is connected with air compressor, and one end is connected with hydrogen container by humidifier, hydrogen pressure regulator, hydrogen partial pressure valve successively.
Hydrogen production process of the present invention is: the MgH that hydrolysis is used
2briquetting is MgH
2powder is prepared gained through pressurization, and tonnage used is 10~20 MPas, and be 30~60 minutes pressing time.By MgH
2briquetting adds in hydrolysis reactor, opens the total pressure valve of hydrogen and hydrogen partial pressure valve, in water tank, adds water, and water can flow in hydrolysis reactor automatically, water and MgH
2briquetting haptoreaction generates H
2, the total pressure valve of the hydrogen of flowing through, hydrogen container, pressure regulator, hydrogen partial pressure valve, supply with proton membrane fuel battery and use; While not needing hydrogen, close hydrogen partial pressure valve, the Hydrogen Vapor Pressure that reaction continue to produce can push back the water in hydrolysis reactor in water tank by pipeline while reaching enough greatly, makes water and MgH
2briquetting is separated, and reaction stops; When again needing hydrogen, open the total pressure valve of hydrogen and hydrogen partial pressure valve, regulate as required the flow of hydrogen, in pipeline and in hydrogen container, reserved H2 can be first for proton membrane fuel battery, pressure in hydrolysis reactor is reduced, water in water tank can flow in hydrolysis reactor filter hydrolysis reactor again, the waste heat that simultaneously utilizes pem cell to produce, in conjunction with hydrolytic process liberated heat, control reaction chamber temperature, guarantee that reaction continues to carry out, thereby realized instant confession/stop technology.
Design principle of the present invention is: the magnesium hydroxide generating while reacting due to magnesium hydride By Hydrolysis At Room Temperature is easily attached to unreacted magnesium hydride surface, stop further carrying out of hydrolytic process, but surpass in the water of 70 ℃ in temperature, sufficient reacting and speed, so consider the water over 70 ℃ that utilizes pem cell work to produce, in conjunction with hydrolytic process liberated heat, temperature that can controlled hydrolysis reactor, guarantee that reaction continues to carry out, so hydrolysis reactor is connected by pipeline with Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, the water that proton membrane fuel battery work produces can with MgH
2the water balance that hydrolysis consumes, realizes recycling of water, does not need in theory external world's water that reinjects.According to kipp gas generator principle, magnesium hydride briquetting is reacted with water, meet certain hydrogen traffic requirement, valve-off while not needing hydrogen supply, continue the hydrogen that reaction produces pressure in reactor is increased, make magnesium hydride briquetting separated with water, realize the real-time confession of hydrogen/stop.Hydrolysis reactor water-bath is bathed and is connected by pipeline with cooling water of fuel cell, can keep the working temperature of hydrolysis reactor and the working temperature of fuel cell constant to water circulation use simultaneously, be conducive to reaction and carry out.Hydrolysis product magnesium hydrate precipitate can carry out filtered and recycled by hydrolysis reactor filter, carries out industrialization recycling to reduce costs.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1. the invention provides a kind of device of magnesium hydride hydrolytic hydrogen production, magnesium hydride hydrogen desorption capacity is large, density is little, there is non-oxidizability, without taking special anti-oxidant measure, it is integrated that its hydrolytic hydrogen production can be realized hydrogen manufacturing, Chu Qing, defeated hydrogen, and room temperature is hydrolyzable, it is a kind of practical the method for hydrogen production, with Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells assembly, be a kind of mobile clean energy products of carrying purposes of being convenient to, can be widely used in the fields such as boats and ships, automobile, Aero-Space, field work.
2. the present invention follows recycling economy principle, and the UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN heating water bath hydrolysis reactor that Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells work is produced, can promote that magnesium hydride is fully hydrolyzed.The water that simultaneously fuel cell generates and the water balance of hydrolysis consumption, realize recycling of water, do not need in theory external world's water that reinjects.
3. magnesium hydride hydrolytic process of the present invention does not need to add catalyst and can emit a large amount of hydrogen, and this is a remarkable advantage than other device for producing hydrogen.
4. hydrogen producing technology of the present invention is according to kipp gas generator principle, the pressurization of magnesium hydride powder is prepared into bulk, magnesium hydride briquetting is reacted with water, feed fuels battery is used, valve-off while not needing hydrogen supply, continue the hydrogen that reaction produces pressure in reactor is increased, make magnesium hydride briquetting separated with water, realize the real-time confession of hydrogen/stop.
5. the present invention carries out filtered and recycled by hydrolysis reactor filter to hydrolysate, and added value of product is high, effectively reduces magnesium hydride application cost, makes its industrial applications become possibility.
6. in the hydrogen that the present invention utilizes this kind of method to produce, contain certain moisture, can play humidification and moisture-keeping function to proton exchange membrane, extend its life-span.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The schematic diagram of Fig. 1 magnesium hydride device for preparing hydrogen through hydrolysis.1. total pressure valve 3. hydrogen container 4. hydrogen pressure regulator 5. hydrogen partial pressure valve 6. humidifier 7. cooling water of fuel cells of hydrolysis reactor water-bath 2. hydrogen are bathed 9. air compressor 10. water-bath circulating water pump 11. water tank 12. hydrolysis reactor filter 13. hydrolysis reactor 14.MgH2 briquetting 15. air chambers of 8. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cellss (PEMFC).
The impact of Fig. 2 temperature on hydrolysis rate.
Embodiment
Equipment when closing down state, MgH in hydrolysis reactor (13)
2briquetting (14) and water are in released state.First open fuel cell unit switch, fuel cell unit utilizes the hydrogen in hydrogen container (3) to start working, and the waste heat that fuel cell unit produces is the water in heating fuel battery cooling bath (7) and hydrolysis reactor water-bath (1) gradually.Along with the consumption of fuel cell unit to hydrogen in hydrogen container (3), in hydrogen container, pressure is more and more less, when pressure is during lower than the hydraulic pressure of water in water tank (11), in water tank (11), deionized water can slowly flow back in hydrolysis reactor (13), with MgH
2briquetting (14) contact.Now, in hydrolysis reactor water-bath (1), water temperature raises, and for the hydrolysis in hydrolysis reactor (13) provides start-up temperature, hydrolysis starts to occur.
Along with the carrying out of the hydrolysis in hydrolysis reactor (13), hydrolysis reactor (13) increases gradually with the middle pressure of hydrogen container (3).Under the effect of Hydrogen Vapor Pressure, the deionized water in hydrolysis reactor (13) is pushed back in water tank (11) gradually, MgH in hydrolysis reactor (13)
2briquetting (14) is separated gradually with water, has realized closing down of hydrolysis.
Embodiment 1
Close fuel cell unit switch, close hydrogen pressure regulator (4), hydrogen partial pressure valve (5), close hydrolysis reactor filter (12).In hydrogen container (3), pressure constantly increases, and the water in hydrolysis reactor (13) is constantly forced out, and enters in water tank (11), until MgH in hydrolysis reactor
2briquetting is completely separated with water.Close the total pressure valve of hydrogen (2).Close water-bath circulating water pump (10).Device quits work.
Open the total pressure valve of hydrogen (2), hydrogen pressure regulator (4), hydrogen partial pressure valve (5), open fuel cell unit switch.Open water-bath circulating water pump (10).Along with the consumption of hydrogen, in hydrogen container (3), pressure constantly reduces, and the water in water tank (11) continues to flow back in hydrolysis reactor (13), until level stability.Open hydrolysis reactor filter (12).Device steady operation.
In device steady operation, fuel cell is in low power state, and hydrogen-producing speed surpasses fuel cell wear rate, in hydrogen container (3), pressure constantly increases, water in hydrolysis reactor (13) is constantly forced out, and enters in water tank (11), until MgH in hydrolysis reactor
2briquetting is completely separated with water, and hydrolysis stops.Realized automatically closing down of hydrolysis in work.
Along with the consumption of hydrogen, in hydrogen container (3), pressure constantly reduces, and the water in water tank (11) continues to flow back in hydrolysis reactor (13), MgH in hydrolysis reactor
2briquetting contacts with water, and hydrolysis is opened.Realized the automatic unlatching of hydrolysis in work.
Claims (7)
1. a fuel cell generation for magnesium hydride hydrolyzation hydrogen supplying, this installs by hydrolysis reactor water-bath, the total pressure valve of hydrogen, hydrogen container, hydrogen pressure regulator, hydrogen partial pressure valve, humidifier, cooling water of fuel cell bath, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), air compressor, water-bath circulating water pump, water tank, hydrolysis reactor filter, hydrolysis reactor, MgH
2briquetting, air chamber unit form.
2. described in right 1, in hydrolysis reactor, hydrolysis medium is deionized water, and stabilized operating temperature is 60~70 ℃.
3. described in right 1, it is deionized water that hydrolysis reactor water-bath, cooling water of fuel cell are bathed used medium, and stabilized operating temperature is 60~70 ℃.
4. described in right 1, MgH
2briquetting is MgH
2powder is prepared gained through pressurization, and tonnage used is 10~20 MPas, and be 30~60 minutes pressing time.
5. described in right 1, hydrolysis reactor water-bath is bathed and is connected with pipeline with cooling water of fuel cell, utilizes operation of fuel cells waste heat to heat for reactor, and keep the working temperature of hydrolysis reactor and the working temperature of fuel cell constant.
6. described in right 1, MgH
2briquetting is put into hydrolysis reactor, picks out 3 pipeline ,Yi roads and be directly connected with water tank on hydrolysis reactor, and the hydrolysis reactor filter of leading up to is connected with water tank, and the total pressure valve of the hydrogen of separately leading up to is connected with hydrogen container.
7. described in right 1, the outlet of water tank is connected with Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells by pipeline, and one end of fuel cell is connected with air compressor, and one end is connected with hydrogen container by humidifier, hydrogen pressure regulator, hydrogen partial pressure valve successively.
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CN103964378A (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-08-06 | 南开大学 | Method for hydrogen generation by hydrolysis of magnesium-based hydride MgH2 |
CN105914386A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-08-31 | 武汉理工大学 | Online hydrogen-supplying air-cooling fuel cell system |
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CN106276790A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-01-04 | 北京明德清源科技开发有限公司 | Normal pressure hydrogen making reaction device and hydrogen fuel cell electric power system |
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