CN103576198A - Method for rapidly predicting two-dimensional offshore earthquake data free surface multiple - Google Patents

Method for rapidly predicting two-dimensional offshore earthquake data free surface multiple Download PDF

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CN103576198A
CN103576198A CN201210272689.4A CN201210272689A CN103576198A CN 103576198 A CN103576198 A CN 103576198A CN 201210272689 A CN201210272689 A CN 201210272689A CN 103576198 A CN103576198 A CN 103576198A
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CN103576198B (en
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柯本喜
李鹏
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China National Petroleum Corp
BGP Inc
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for predicting seabed multiples during two-dimensional offshore earthquake data processing. A Fresnel zone of the seabed multiples at the position of a free surface steady state point is calculated with multiple orders, multiple frequencies, the geophone offset, the seabed elevation and the seawater speed serving as parameters, a multiple contribution channel set is further constructed, and on the basis, a conventional free surface multiple algorithm is adopted to predict free surface multiples. According to the method, a new construction method is adopted, the number of earthquake channels participating in free surface multiple prediction is greatly reduced, the free surface multiples can be further rapidly predicted, and the multiple prediction effect is not reduced.

Description

A kind of fast two-dimensional method for marine seismic data Free Surface multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology
Technical field
The present invention relates to geophysical exploration technology, belong to the technology category of multiple suppression in seismic data processing, is a kind of fast two-dimensional method for marine seismic data Free Surface multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology.
Background technology
At sea in seismic prospecting, because the seawater face as free interface and hard sea bottom surface are all very strong reflecting interfaces, wherein the reflection coefficient of seawater face can reach 0.9, therefore in seismologic record, inevitably can be recorded to the various multiple reflections that seabed and seawater face produce.The existence of multiple reflection can be disturbed the identification of people to significant wave, affects follow-up velocity analysis, migration imaging and structure and stratigraphic interpretation, therefore needs multiple suppression.
The method of multiple suppression is generally divided into two large classes: a class is the filtering method based on difference between significant wave and multiple reflection, referred to as filtering method; Another kind of is prediction subraction based on wave equation, first utilize original earthquake data, according to wave principle, dope multiple reflection, then the multiple reflection of prediction is mated with the multiple reflection in raw data, the multiple reflection finally deducting from raw data after coupling just can obtain significant wave one time.
In the repeatedly Forecasting Methodology based on wave equation, mainly contain two kinds of methods, a kind of is the sea-bottom multiple Forecasting Methodology of model-driven, and another kind is the Free Surface multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology of data-driven.During the multiple reflection of a big gun collection of multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology prediction of model-driven, only need this shot gather data, but need submarine elevation and seawater rate pattern.The shortcoming of this method is the multiple reflection that submarine elevation and seawater rate pattern error can be delivered to prediction, in addition unpredictable simple multiples.When the multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology of data-driven is predicted the multiple reflection of a big gun collection, not only need this shot gather data, also need big gun to concentrate common receiving point gather corresponding to each seismic trace simultaneously, but do not need submarine elevation and seawater rate pattern.The shortcoming of this method is to need data rule pre-treatment, and the seismic trace number of participation computing is huge, directly has influence on counting yield and the storage needs to computing machine.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of efficient data-driven, improves the efficiency of multiple reflection prediction and reduces the fast two-dimensional method for marine seismic data Free Surface multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology that the storage of computing machine is needed.
Specific embodiment of the invention step is as follows:
1) gather marine two-dimension earthquake and record d(x s, x r, t), measure the submarine elevation b(x of shot point place s) and seawater speed v (x s) data;
2) the submarine elevation b(x that the submarine elevation of measuring according to shot point place and seawater speed interpolation obtain whole survey line r) and seawater rate pattern v(x r);
3) seismologic record gathering is carried out to fourier transform by road, obtain the geological data D(x of frequency field s, x r, ω);
4) the seismologic record of frequency field, divide the shot record migration CS that elects frequency field as i(x r, ω) with common receiving point gather CR j(x s, ω);
5) first by big gun collection big gun number, by seismic trace sequence number, by road, process again;
6) with following formula, calculate sea-bottom multiple closely shot point and closely the steady state point coordinate y of acceptance point on Free Surface sand y r:
y s = x s + | x r - x s | n + 1 , y r = x r - | x r - x s | n + 1
In formula: x s, x rbe shot point and the acceptance point coordinate in pre-treatment way head, n is sea-bottom multiple exponent number;
Nearly shot point described in step 6) and nearly acceptance point multiple reflection steady state point refer to the ray theory according to Snell, n rank sea-bottom multiple on personal surface, in n reflection spot, approach most shot point and acceptance point that.
7), under the hypothesis of horizontal seabed, with following formula, calculate corresponding multiple reflection Fresnel zone radius fs and the fr of steady state point of nearly shot point and nearly acceptance point:
f s = 0.5 * [ ( y s - x s ) - ( a - b ) 2 - 4 z 2 ]
f r=f s
In formula:
a = ( y s - x s ) 2 + 4 z 2
b = v 2 f
Z is the mean depth in seabed in the corresponding spread length in current road,
V is the average velocity of the corresponding spread length maritime interior waters in current road,
X sshot point and the acceptance point coordinate in pre-treatment way head,
N is that user is according to the given sea-bottom multiple exponent number of analysis;
Y sit is the steady state point coordinate of the nearly shot point that calculated by step 6) and nearly acceptance point;
F is the dominant period of multiple reflection;
Multiple reflection Fresnel band described in step 7) refers to for given multiple reflection Free Surface steady state point, in its vicinity in scope when the difference of multiple reflection whilst on tour corresponding to the downward reflection spot of the supposing multiple reflection whilst on tour corresponding with steady state point is less than 0.25 reflection wave corresponding scope during the cycle.
8) calculate according to the following formula the pre-measuring tape radius of the nearly shot point L of actual participation multiple reflection prediction rwith the pre-measuring tape radius of nearly acceptance point L s:
L s=αf s
L r=αf r
In formula: α is multiple reflection Fresnel band zooming parameter, is 0.5-1;
9) calculate according to the following formula start position m1 and the terminating point position m2 of multiple reflection contribution road collection:
m1＝y s-L s
m2=y r+L r
Multiple reflection contribution road collection described in step 9) refers to the convolution road being formed by shot record migration and common receiving point gather that participates in multiple reflection prediction.
10) within the scope of multiple reflection contribution road collection, each is gathered to website, from shot record migration corresponding to current seismic trace and common receiving point gather, extract the twice seismic trace that this website is corresponding, then twice are multiplied each other and obtain corresponding convolution road;
11) within the scope of multiple reflection contribution road collection, the convolution road that all collection websites are corresponding carries out arithmetic mean addition;
12) addition result being done to anti-fourier transform dopes when multiple reflection corresponding to pre-treatment road.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The Free Surface multiple reflection prediction principle of Fig. 1 data-driven;
The implementation of the Free Surface multiple reflection prediction of Fig. 2 data-driven;
Fig. 3 multiple reflection is at steady state point and the Fresnel band of Free Surface;
The Free Surface multiple reflection of the original big gun collection of Fig. 4 and prediction;
Fig. 5 repeatedly radio frequency channel conventional and multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology prediction fast is assembled fruit contrast;
The multiple reflection common offset section of the conventional multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology prediction of Fig. 6;
The multiple reflection common offset section of Fig. 7 the present invention prediction.
Specific embodiments
Innovative point of the present invention is the construction method of multiple reflection contribution road collection.Owing to having adopted new method, the seismic trace number that participates in the prediction of Free Surface multiple reflection significantly reduces, and then is not losing under the prerequisite of multiple reflection prediction effect, can predict rapidly Free Surface multiple reflection and reduce Computer Storage requirement.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describing in detail is specific embodiments of the present invention.
Specific embodiment of the invention step is as follows:
1) gather marine two-dimension earthquake and record d(x s, x r, t), measure the submarine elevation b(x of shot point place s) and seawater speed v (x s) data;
2) the submarine elevation b(x that the submarine elevation of measuring according to shot point place and seawater speed interpolation obtain whole survey line r) and seawater rate pattern v(x r);
3) seismologic record gathering is carried out to fourier transform by road, obtain the geological data D(x of frequency field s, x r, ω);
4) the seismologic record of frequency field, divide the shot record migration CS that elects frequency field as i(x r, ω) with common receiving point gather CR j(x s, ω);
What Fig. 1 showed is the single order sea-bottom multiple path that shot record migration and common receiving point gather are corresponding.For ease of understanding, CS in Fig. 2 iand CR jwhat show is shot record migration and common receiving point gather (time domain demonstration).
5) first by big gun collection big gun number, by seismic trace sequence number, by road, process again;
6) with following formula, calculate sea-bottom multiple closely shot point and closely the steady state point coordinate y of acceptance point on Free Surface sand y r:
y s = x s + | x r - x s | n + 1 , y r = x r - | x r - x s | n + 1
In formula: x s, x rbe shot point and the acceptance point coordinate in pre-treatment way head, n is sea-bottom multiple exponent number;
Nearly shot point described in step 6) and nearly acceptance point multiple reflection steady state point refer to the ray theory according to Snell, n rank sea-bottom multiple on personal surface, in n reflection spot, approach most shot point and acceptance point that.
That the upper figure of Fig. 3 shows is the shot point coordinate x that a certain seismic trace is corresponding swith acceptance point coordinate x r, and the steady state point y of nearly shot point corresponding to single order multiple reflection and nearly acceptance point sand y r, for single order multiple reflection, the steady state point of nearly shot point and nearly acceptance point overlaps.
7), under the hypothesis of horizontal seabed, with following formula, calculate corresponding multiple reflection Fresnel zone radius fs and the fr of steady state point of nearly shot point and nearly acceptance point:
f s = 0.5 * [ ( y s - x s ) - ( a - b ) 2 - 4 z 2 ]
f r=f s
In formula:
a = ( y s - x s ) 2 + 4 z 2
b = v 2 f
Z is the mean depth in seabed in the corresponding spread length in current road,
V is the average velocity of the corresponding spread length maritime interior waters in current road,
X sshot point and the acceptance point coordinate in pre-treatment way head,
N is that user is according to the given sea-bottom multiple exponent number of analysis;
Y sit is the steady state point coordinate of the nearly shot point that calculated by step 6) and nearly acceptance point;
F is the dominant period of multiple reflection;
Multiple reflection Fresnel band described in step 7) refers to for given multiple reflection Free Surface steady state point, in its vicinity in scope when the difference of multiple reflection whilst on tour corresponding to the downward reflection spot of the supposing multiple reflection whilst on tour corresponding with steady state point is less than 0.25 multiple reflection corresponding scope during the cycle.
8) calculate according to the following formula nearly shot point and the nearly pre-measuring tape radius of the acceptance point L of the prediction of actual participation multiple reflection sand L r
L s=αf s
L r=αf r
In formula: α is multiple reflection Fresnel band zooming parameter, is 0.5-1;
That Fig. 3 figure below is shown is corresponding multiple reflection Fresnel zone radius fs and the fr of steady state point of nearly shot point and nearly acceptance point, and the nearly shot point of actual participation multiple reflection prediction and the nearly pre-measuring tape radius of acceptance point L sand L r.
9) be calculated as follows start position m1 and the terminating point position m2 of multiple reflection contribution road collection:
m1=y s-L s
m2=y r+L r
Multiple reflection contribution road collection described in step 9) refers to the convolution road being formed by shot record migration and common receiving point gather that participates in multiple reflection prediction.
10) within the scope of multiple reflection contribution road collection, each is gathered to website, from shot record migration corresponding to current seismic trace and common receiving point gather, extract the twice seismic trace that this website is corresponding, then twice convolution is obtained to corresponding convolution road.
In Fig. 2
Figure BDA00001964891600071
what show is to gather site k place corresponding to common-shot-gather CS iwith common receiving point gather CR jthe convolution result of twice seismic trace (time domain demonstration).
11) within the scope of multiple reflection contribution road collection, the convolution road that all collection websites are corresponding carries out arithmetic mean addition;
12) addition result being done to anti-fourier transform dopes when multiple reflection corresponding to pre-treatment road.
M in Fig. 2 i,jwhat show is handle
Figure BDA00001964891600072
the multiple reflection of the time domain that arithmetic mean obtains after being added.
What Fig. 4 showed is original big gun collection and the repeatedly radio frequency channel collection that adopts the present invention's prediction.
What Fig. 5 showed is the multiple reflection result contrast of conventional method and the inventive method prediction.The prediction effect that relatively can find both is suitable, but conventional method participates in the convolution number of times of computing, reaches N 2.Wherein N is the road number of shot record migration and common receiving point gather, but fast method participates in the convolution number of times of computing, can reduce to 0.5*N* (N+1), generally reduces 40 ~ 50%.
What Fig. 6 and 7 showed is respectively the multiple reflection common offset section of multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology prediction conventional and that rapid data drives, relatively can find that both are substantially suitable.

Claims (3)

1. a fast two-dimensional method for marine seismic data Free Surface multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology, feature is to adopt following steps:
1) gather marine two-dimension earthquake and record d, measure the submarine elevation b of shot point place and seawater speed v data;
2) submarine elevation b and seawater speed v model that the submarine elevation of measuring according to shot point place and seawater speed interpolation obtain whole survey line;
3) seismologic record gathering is carried out to fourier transform by road, obtain the geological data D of frequency field;
4) the seismologic record of frequency field, divide the shot record migration CS that elects frequency field as iwith common receiving point gather CR j;
5) first by big gun collection big gun number, by seismic trace sequence number, by road, process again;
6) with following formula, calculate sea-bottom multiple closely shot point and closely the steady state point coordinate y of acceptance point on Free Surface sand y r:
y s = x s + | x r - x s | n + 1 , y r = x r - | x r - x s | n + 1
In formula: x s, x rbe shot point and the acceptance point coordinate in pre-treatment way head, n is sea-bottom multiple exponent number;
7), under the hypothesis of horizontal seabed, with following formula, calculate the multiple reflection Fresnel zone radius f corresponding to steady state point of nearly shot point and nearly acceptance point sand f r:
f s = 0.5 * [ ( y s - x s ) - ( a - b ) 2 - 4 z 2 ]
f r=f s
In formula:
a = ( y s - x s ) 2 + 4 z 2
b = v 2 f
Z is the mean depth in seabed in the corresponding spread length in current road,
V is the average velocity of the corresponding spread length maritime interior waters in current road,
X sshot point and the acceptance point coordinate in pre-treatment way head,
N is that user is according to the given sea-bottom multiple exponent number of analysis;
Y sit is the steady state point coordinate of the nearly shot point that calculated by step 6) and nearly acceptance point;
F is the dominant period of multiple reflection;
Multiple reflection Fresnel band described in step 7) refers to for given multiple reflection Free Surface steady state point, in its vicinity in scope when the difference of multiple reflection whilst on tour corresponding to the downward reflection spot of the supposing multiple reflection whilst on tour corresponding with steady state point is less than 0.25 reflection wave corresponding scope during the cycle.
8) calculate according to the following formula the pre-measuring tape radius of the nearly shot point L of actual participation multiple reflection prediction rwith the pre-measuring tape radius of nearly acceptance point L s:
L s=αf s
L r=αf r
In formula: α is multiple reflection Fresnel band zooming parameter, is 0.5-1;
9) calculate according to the following formula start position m1 and the terminating point position m2 of multiple reflection contribution road collection:
m1=y s-L s
m2=y r+L r
10) within the scope of multiple reflection contribution road collection, each is gathered to website, from shot record migration corresponding to current seismic trace and common receiving point gather, extract the twice seismic trace that this website is corresponding, then twice are multiplied each other and obtain corresponding convolution road;
11) within the scope of multiple reflection contribution road collection, the convolution road that all collection websites are corresponding carries out arithmetic mean addition;
12) addition result being done to anti-fourier transform dopes when multiple reflection corresponding to pre-treatment road.
2. method according to claim 1, feature is that nearly shot point and the nearly acceptance point multiple reflection steady state point described in step 6) refers to the ray theory according to Snell, n rank sea-bottom multiple on personal surface, in n reflection spot, approach most shot point and acceptance point that.
3. method according to claim 1, feature is that the multiple reflection contribution road collection described in step 9) refers to the convolution road being formed by shot record migration and common receiving point gather that participates in multiple reflection prediction.
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CN104199087B (en) * 2014-08-01 2017-01-18 中国石油天然气集团公司 Method and device for inverting sea water depth by use of data of underwater detector and land detector
CN104199087A (en) * 2014-08-01 2014-12-10 中国石油天然气集团公司 Method and device for inverting sea water depth by use of data of underwater detector and land detector
CN105259575A (en) * 2015-10-12 2016-01-20 中国石油大学(华东) Method for fast predicting 3D surface-related multiples
CN107991704A (en) * 2017-09-01 2018-05-04 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 The drawing method and device of Free Surface multiple wave
CN108957522A (en) * 2018-09-26 2018-12-07 中国海洋大学 A kind of submarine seismograph data multiple wave prediction technique based on Kirchhoff migiation
CN112083472B (en) * 2019-06-12 2022-06-21 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Tree structure based multiple prediction method and device
CN112083472A (en) * 2019-06-12 2020-12-15 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Tree structure based multiple prediction method and device
CN112698388A (en) * 2019-10-22 2021-04-23 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Method and apparatus for processing seismic data
CN112394409A (en) * 2020-11-03 2021-02-23 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 Near-surface interlayer multiple prediction method and device
CN112394409B (en) * 2020-11-03 2023-12-26 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 Near-surface interlayer multiple prediction method and device
CN112946732A (en) * 2021-02-02 2021-06-11 中国海洋大学 Processing method and system for jointly suppressing multiple single cable of offshore stereo observation system
CN112946732B (en) * 2021-02-02 2022-09-30 中国海洋大学 Processing method and system for jointly suppressing multiple single cable of offshore stereo observation system
CN113064205A (en) * 2021-03-16 2021-07-02 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 Fresnel zone constrained shallow water multiple attenuation method
CN113064205B (en) * 2021-03-16 2022-08-02 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 Fresnel zone constrained shallow water multiple attenuation method

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