CN112394409A - Near-surface interlayer multiple prediction method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a near-surface interlayer multiple prediction method and a device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: collecting two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data of a research area; extracting all seismic channels of a common shot point gather corresponding to a target seismic channel in a receiving point side prediction aperture and a common receiving point gather in a shot point side prediction aperture from the two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data; extracting a common receiving point and a common shot point channel set corresponding to each shot detection pair of the shot point and the receiving point respectively positioned in the predicted apertures of the shot point side and the receiving point side; searching a downward reflection point with minimum fulfillment in a given search aperture on an interlayer multiple interface for each shot-geophone pair and determining a Green function of the downward reflection point; predicting interlayer multiples of each shot-geophone pair according to two seismic traces and a Green function corresponding to each shot-geophone pair; and adding the predicted multiples of all possible shot-geophone pairs in the shot-side and receiving-side predicted apertures to obtain the predicted multiples of the target seismic channel. The invention has wider predicted interbed multiple frequency band.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas exploration, in particular to a method and a device for predicting near-surface interbed multiples.
Background
This section is intended to provide a background or context to the embodiments of the invention that are recited in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
As oil and gas exploration continues to expand towards new exploration areas and fields, surface and subsurface seismic geological conditions become more diverse and complex, so that seismic data processing also faces more and more challenges. Due to the strong multi-time wave energy between the onshore near-surface layers, short period and early starting time, the imaging of all effective waves of shallow, middle and deep layers can be seriously interfered, and the problem that the suppression of the multi-time waves between the near-surface layers is difficult to solve is caused by the low signal-to-noise ratio of shallow seismic data.
At present, interlayer multiple prediction methods based on prediction and subtraction mainly fall into two main categories: one is a model-driven method that predicts interbed multiples by forward modeling given the depth and velocity of the multiple interface, and the other is a data-driven method that predicts interbed multiples by the data itself. The inter-layer multiple prediction method based on data driving can be further divided into two subclasses: one is a prediction method (IME) based on wavefield correlation and convolution, and the other is a backscattering series method (ISS) based on scattering theory.
At present, IME is the mainstream interbed multiple suppression method in seismic data processing, and the method has a good multiple suppression effect on seismic data of effective waves containing interbed multiple interfaces. However, in the near-surface or shallow layer, the effective wave of the interbed multiple interface does not exist in the near-offset distance or the signal-to-noise ratio is very low, so that the interbed multiple cannot be well compressed by IME or ISS.
In view of the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a near-surface interbed multiple prediction method, which is used for solving the technical problem that the existing interbed multiple prediction method cannot be applied to the near-surface or shallow layer and comprises the following steps: acquiring two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data of a near-surface research area; for each selected target seismic channel, extracting all seismic channels of a common shot point gather corresponding to the target seismic channel in a receiving point side prediction aperture and the common receiving point gather in a shot point side prediction aperture from the two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data; for each shot-survey pair of which the shot point and the receiving point are respectively located in the shot point side predicted aperture and the receiving point side predicted aperture, respectively extracting a seismic channel from the corresponding common shot point channel set and the common receiving point channel set; for each shot and receiver pair with the shot point and receiver point respectively located in the predicted aperture at the shot point side and the predicted aperture at the receiver point side, searching a downward reflection point with minimum fulfillment in a given search aperture on an interlayer multiple interface, and determining a Green function of the shot and receiver pair; for each shot detection pair of which the shot point and the receiving point are respectively positioned in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture, predicting interlayer multiples of the shot detection pair according to the Green function of each shot detection pair and the two extracted seismic channels; and adding the predicted interbed multiples of all shot detection pairs of the shot point and the receiving point which are respectively positioned in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture to obtain the predicted interbed multiples of the target seismic channel.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a near-surface interbed multiple prediction device, which is used for solving the technical problem that the existing interbed multiple prediction method cannot be applied to the near-surface or shallow layer, and comprises the following steps: the seismic data acquisition module is used for acquiring two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data of a near-surface research area; the first data extraction module is used for extracting all seismic channels of a common shot point gather corresponding to each selected target seismic channel in the receiving point side prediction aperture and the common receiving point gather in the shot point side prediction aperture from the two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data; the second data extraction module is used for respectively extracting a seismic channel from the corresponding common shot point channel set and common receiving point channel set for each shot detection pair of which the shot point and the receiving point are respectively positioned in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture; a multiple interface Green function determining module, configured to search, for each shot detection pair in which the shot point and the receiving point are located in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture, a downward reflection point at the minimum fulfillment time in a search aperture given on an interlayer multiple interface, and determine a Green function of the shot detection pair; the shot-to-shot-detection pair multiple wave prediction module is used for predicting interlayer multiple waves of each shot-to-shot detection pair, wherein the shot point and the receiving point are respectively positioned in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture, according to the Green function of each shot-to-shot detection pair and the two extracted seismic traces; and the seismic channel multiple prediction module is used for adding the predicted interbed multiples of all shot detection pairs of which shot points and receiving points are respectively positioned in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture to obtain the predicted interbed multiples of the target seismic channel.
The embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment for solving the technical problem that the existing interlayer multiple prediction method cannot be applied to the near-surface or shallow layer.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium for solving the technical problem that the existing interlayer multiple prediction method cannot be applied to the near-surface or shallow layer.
In the embodiment of the invention, after two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data of a near-surface research area are acquired, a target seismic channel is selected, all seismic channels of a common shot point gather in a receiving point side prediction aperture and a common receiving point gather in a shot point side prediction aperture are extracted from the two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data, each shot detection pair of which the shot point and the receiving point are respectively positioned in the shot point side receiving aperture and the receiving point side aperture is extracted, one seismic channel in the corresponding common receiving point gather and common shot point gather is extracted, a downward reflection point with minimum fulfillment time is searched in a given search aperture on an interlayer multiple wave interface for each shot detection pair, a Green function of the shot detection pair is determined, interlayer multiple waves of each shot detection pair are predicted according to the two seismic channels extracted from each shot detection pair and the determined Green function, all predicted multiple waves of the shot detection pairs of which the shot point and the receiving point are respectively positioned in the shot point side receiving aperture and the receiving point side aperture are added, and obtaining the multiple of the predicted target seismic channel.
In the embodiment of the invention, the Green function of the multiple interface without wavelets is adopted to replace the effective wave of the multiple interface, so that the predicted interlayer multiple frequency band is wider.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for predicting a multiple between near-surface layers according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a selected target seismic trace provided in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of extracting all seismic traces of a common shot point trace set and a common receiving point trace set of a target seismic trace in a receiving-side predicted aperture and a shot-side predicted aperture, respectively, in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a seismic trace of a shot-geophone pair extracted from a common shot gather and a common receiver gather, respectively, in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a graphical illustration of the Green's function of a pair of shot checks determined in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of interlayer multiples of a pair of shot pairs predicted in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic multiple view of a predicted target seismic trace in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of shot, receiver, downward reflection, upward reflection, shot-side predicted aperture, receiver-side predicted aperture, and search aperture provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 shows that the shot point and the receiving point are respectively located at S and R and the downward reflecting point is in the interlamination multiple ray path of the first layer (middle), the shot point is located at the common shot gather of S (left), and the receiving point is located at the common receiving point gather of R (right);
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a common shot gather (left), an ablation curve of the common shot gather (center), and an ablated common shot gather (right) as provided in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a left common receive point gather, an ablation curve (center) of the common receive point gather, and an ablated common receive gather (right) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a mirror ray path (left) in an interbed multiples contribution trace set and a ray path (right) of a Green function provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a ray path (left) of a green function and a section (right) of the green function sorted by excitation points in a shot-side predicted aperture and by receiving points in a receiving-point-side aperture provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic of a cross-section of an interbed multiples contribution gather predicted by data-driven (left) and inventive (right) predictions, sorted by excitation point in the shot-side predicted aperture and then by receiving point in the receiving point-side aperture in the prior art;
FIG. 15 is a schematic of a seismic trace at offset 2000 meters and an inter-layer multiple trace predicted by data-driven prediction in the prior art (left), and a seismic trace at offset 2000 meters and an inter-layer multiple trace predicted by the present invention (right);
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a common shot gather (left), a data-driven predicted interbed multiples gather of the prior art (center), and a predicted interbed multiples gather of the present invention (right);
fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a near-surface inter-layer multiple prediction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for predicting a near-surface interbed multiple, fig. 1 is a flowchart of the method for predicting a near-surface interbed multiple provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes the following steps:
s101, collecting two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data of a near-surface research area;
s102, extracting all seismic channels of a common shot point gather corresponding to the target seismic channel in a receiving point side prediction aperture and a common receiving point gather in a shot point side prediction aperture from two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data for each selected target seismic channel;
s103, extracting a seismic channel from the corresponding common shot point channel set and common receiving point channel set respectively for each shot detection pair of which the shot point and the receiving point are respectively positioned in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture;
s104, for each shot detection pair of which the shot point and the receiving point are respectively positioned in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture, searching a downward reflection point with minimum fulfillment in a given search aperture on an interlayer multiple interface, and determining a Green function of the shot detection pair;
s105, for each shot detection pair of which the shot point and the receiving point are respectively positioned in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture, predicting interlayer multiples of the shot detection pair according to the Green function of each shot detection pair and the two extracted seismic traces;
and S106, adding the interlayer multiples predicted by all shot detection pairs of the shot point and the receiving point respectively positioned in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture to obtain the interlayer multiples of the predicted target seismic channel.
For example, after acquiring two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data of a near-surface study area, selecting a target seismic channel shown in fig. 2, and extracting all seismic channels of a common shot point gather in a receiving point side prediction aperture and a common receiving point gather in a shot point side prediction aperture corresponding to the target seismic channel from the two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data, as shown in fig. 3; for each shot-survey pair in which the shot point and the receiving point are respectively located in the shot point side receiving aperture and the receiving point side aperture, extracting a corresponding common receiving point trace set and a corresponding seismic trace in the common shot point trace set, as shown in fig. 4; for each shot pair, searching for the point of downward reflection with the smallest fulfillment within a given search aperture on the interbed multiples interface and determining the green's function for that shot pair, as shown in fig. 5; predicting the interbed multiples of each shot-geophone pair according to the two seismic traces extracted by each shot-geophone pair and the determined green function, wherein the prediction result is shown in figure 6; and adding the predicted multiples of all shot pairs of shot points and receiving points respectively positioned in the receiving aperture on the shot point side and the receiving aperture on the receiving point side to obtain the predicted multiples of the target seismic channel, wherein the predicted multiples are shown in figure 7.
In an embodiment, the method for predicting a multiple between near-surface layers provided in an embodiment of the present invention may further include the following steps: acquiring the abscissa, the depth coordinate and the equivalent speed of an interlayer multiple downward reflection point; and for each shot detection pair, determining the average depth and the equivalent speed of the interlayer multiple interface according to the abscissa, the depth coordinate and the equivalent speed of the downward reflection point of the interlayer multiple.
Alternatively, in the above embodiment, the average depth and the equivalent velocity of the interbed multiple interface may be calculated by the following formulas:
wherein z isavRepresenting the average depth of the multiple interface between layers; v. ofavRepresenting the equivalent velocity of an interbed multiple interface; x is the number ofSRepresents the abscissa of the common shot point; x is the number ofRAn abscissa representing a common reception point; z is a radical ofqRepresenting depth coordinates of the interbed multiple down-reflecting points; x is the number ofqAn abscissa representing an interlayer multiple down-reflection point; v. ofqRepresenting the equivalent velocity of the interbed multiples down-reflected point.
Specifically, S102 may be implemented by the following steps: for each target seismic channel, obtaining a given shot point side predicted aperture and a given receiving point side predicted aperture; determining a cut-off function of the common shot point gather corresponding to the target seismic channel according to the given receiving point side predicted aperture, the average depth and the equivalent velocity of the interlayer multiple interface; determining a cut-off function of a common receiving point gather corresponding to a target seismic channel according to a given shot side predicted aperture, the average depth of an interlayer multiple interface and the equivalent velocity; extracting seismic channels of the common shot point gather corresponding to the target seismic channels in the predicted aperture of the receiving point side from the two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data according to the cutting function of the common shot point gather corresponding to the target seismic channels; and extracting the seismic channels of the common receiving point gather corresponding to the target seismic channels in the shot-side prediction aperture from the two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data according to the excision function of the common receiving point gather corresponding to the target seismic channels.
In one embodiment, in step S102, the seismic traces of the target seismic trace corresponding to the common shot gather in the predicted aperture on the receiving point side and the seismic traces of the common receiving point gather in the predicted aperture on the shot side may be extracted by the following formula:
wherein d iscspRepresenting the extracted common shot gather; dcrpRepresenting the extracted common receiving point gather; cSA cut-out function representing a common shot gather; cRAn ablation function representing a common receive point gather; z is a radical ofavRepresenting the average depth of the multiple interface between layers; v. ofavRepresenting the equivalent velocity of an interbed multiple interface; x is the number ofSRepresents the abscissa of the common shot point; x is the number ofRAn abscissa representing a common reception point; x is the number ofP4An abscissa representing a reception point P4 within the reception point-side predicted aperture; x is the number ofP3The abscissa of shot P3 within the shot-side predicted aperture is shown.
Specifically, the above S104 may be implemented by the following steps: calculating fulfillment time of the shot point, the downward reflection point and the receiving point for each shot detection pair of which the shot point and the receiving point are respectively positioned in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture, and for each downward reflection point in a given search aperture on an interlayer multiple interface; and determining the minimum fulfillment time as the fulfillment time of the Green function, and obtaining the Green function of each shot-receiver pair.
In one embodiment, the above S104 may determine the green function of each shot-to-receiver pair by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
τg(xP3,xP4)＝min{τ(xq)} (8)
wherein, τ (x)q) Indicating fulfillment of a shot point, a downward reflecting point, a receiving point; z is a radical ofavRepresenting the average depth of the multiple interface between layers; v. ofavRepresenting the equivalent velocity of an interbed multiple interface; x is the number ofqAn abscissa representing an interlayer multiple down-reflection point; z is a radical ofavRepresenting the average depth of the multiple interface between layers; v. ofavRepresenting the equivalent velocity of an interbed multiple interface; x is the number ofP4An abscissa representing a reception point P4 within the reception point-side predicted aperture; x is the number ofP3An abscissa representing a shot point P3 within the shot-side predicted aperture; g (x)P3,xP4T) represents a green function; delta (t-tau)g(xP3,xP4) ) represents a pulse function.
Specifically, the above S105 may be implemented by the following steps: transforming the Green function of each shot-geophone pair, the seismic channels of the common shot gather in the predicted aperture of the receiving point side and the seismic channels of the common shot gather in the predicted aperture of the shot side to a frequency domain to obtain the Green function of the frequency domain, the seismic channels of the common shot gather in the predicted aperture of the receiving point side and the seismic channels of the common shot gather in the predicted aperture of the shot side; determining a frequency domain multiple contribution gather corresponding to each shot detection to the seismic channel according to a Green function of a frequency domain, seismic channels of the common shot gather in the receiving point side prediction aperture and seismic channels of the common receiving point gather in the shot side prediction aperture; summing the gather of the frequency domain multiple contributions corresponding to the seismic traces of each shot detection pair to obtain an interlamination multiple of each shot detection pair in the frequency domain; and transforming the interbed multiples of each shot-detection pair in the frequency domain to the time domain to obtain the interbed multiples of each shot-detection pair in the time domain.
In one embodiment, the above S105 may determine the frequency domain multiple contribution gather corresponding to the seismic trace by each shot by the following formula:
MCGS,R(xP3,xP4,ω)＝Dcsp(xS,xP4,ω)Dcrp(xP3,xR,ω)G*(xP3,xP4,ω) (10)
wherein, MCGS,RRepresenting frequency domain interbed multiples corresponding to the shot-geophone pair (S, R) seismic traces; dcspSeismic traces of a common shot gather representing a frequency domain located within a predicted aperture on the receiving point side; dcrpA seismic trace representing a common receiver gather of the frequency domain located within the predicted aperture on the shot side; g represents a Green function of a frequency domain; the upper corner indicates the conjugate of the complex number; x is the number ofSRepresents the abscissa of the common shot point; x is the number ofRAn abscissa representing a common reception point; x is the number ofP4An abscissa representing a reception point P4 within the reception point-side predicted aperture; x is the number ofP3An abscissa representing a shot point P3 within the shot-side predicted aperture; ω represents the circle frequency.
Based on the foregoing embodiments, in an embodiment, in step S105, the gather of frequency-domain multiple contributions corresponding to each shot pair seismic trace may be summed according to the following formula, so as to obtain the inter-layer multiple predicted in the frequency domain for each shot pair:
wherein M isS,RRepresenting the time domain interbed multiples corresponding to the shot-geophone pair (S, R) seismic traces; x is the number of1A start abscissa representing a predicted aperture on the shot side; x is the number of2An end abscissa representing a predicted aperture on the shot side; x is the number of3A start abscissa representing a predicted aperture on the receiving point side; x is the number of4The end abscissa representing the predicted aperture on the receiving point side.
In one embodiment, the above S105 may transform the inter-layer multiples predicted in the frequency domain for each shot pair to the time domain by the following inverse fourier transform formula:
mS,R(t)＝∫MS,R(ω)eiωtdω (12)
wherein m isS,RAn interbed multiple representing a prediction of the shot-to-shot pair (S, R) in the time domain; mS,RTo representInterlayer multiples of shot-to-shot pairs (S, R) predicted in the frequency domain; ω represents the circle frequency; t represents time.
In the foregoing embodiment, in the method for predicting a multiple between near-surface layers provided in the embodiment of the present invention, in step S105, the green function of each shot-geophone pair, the seismic traces of the common shot gather in the predicted aperture on the receiving point side, and the seismic traces of the common shot gather in the predicted aperture on the shot side may be further transformed into the frequency domain by the following fudge transform formula:
G(xP3,xP4,ω)＝∫g(xP3,xP4,t)e-iωtdt (13)
Dcsp(xS,xP4,ω)＝∫dcsp(xS,xP4,t)e-iωtdt (14)
Dcrp(xP3,xR,ω)＝∫dcrp(xP3,xR,t)e-iωtdt (15)
wherein, G (x)P3,xP4ω) represents the green function of the shot-to-shot pair (S, R) in the frequency domain; g (x)P3,xP4T) represents the green function of the shot-to-shot pair (S, R) in the time domain; dcsp(xS,xP4ω) represents the seismic traces of the frequency domain shot-geophone pair (S, R) common shot gather located in the predicted aperture on the receiving point side; dcsp(xS,xP4T) represents seismic traces of a common shot gather of the time domain shot-geophone pair (S, R) located in a predicted aperture at the receiving point side; dcrp(xP3,xRω) represents the seismic traces of the frequency domain shot-geophone pair (S, R) common receiver gather located within the predicted aperture at the shot side; dcrp(xP3,xRT) represents seismic traces of which the common receiving point gather of the time domain shot and survey pair (S, R) is positioned in the predicted aperture at the shot side; ω represents the circle frequency; t represents time.
As can be seen from the above, in the embodiment of the present invention, by using the near-surface model information, under the condition that there is no significant wave at the near-surface interbed multiple interface or the signal-to-noise ratio of the significant wave is very low, a near-surface interbed multiple prediction method driven by a two-dimensional model and data in a hybrid manner is provided, and when the method is specifically implemented, the method may include the following steps:
1) acquiring two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data d (x) after seismic data regularizationS,xRT), where d represents two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data, xSAnd xRRespectively, the lateral coordinates of the shot point and the receiving point in the inline direction, and t is a time coordinate. The depth coordinate of d is omitted here for simplicity.
2) Acquiring depth z of user-defined point of downward reflection of near-surface interbody multiples (point on interbody multiple generation interface)q(xq) And an equivalent velocity vq(xq) Wherein x isq、zqAnd vqRespectively the transverse coordinate, the depth coordinate and the corresponding equivalent speed of the multiple downward reflection point. The interbed multiples downward reflection point is shown as Q in fig. 8.
3) Collecting the shot point side and receiving point side predicted aperture A given by a userS(x1,x2) And AR(x3,x4) Wherein A isSAnd ARRespectively representing the predicted aperture, x, on the shot and receiver sides1A start abscissa representing a predicted aperture on the shot side; x is the number of2An end abscissa representing a predicted aperture on the shot side; x is the number of3A start abscissa representing a predicted aperture on the receiving point side; x is the number of4The end abscissa representing the predicted aperture on the receiving point side. A has been omitted here for the sake of simplicitySAnd ARIs measured. Predicted aperture on shot side and receiver side as shown in A of FIG. 8SAnd ARAs shown.
4) Search aperture A for collecting user-given downward-reflecting pointsQ(x5,x6) Wherein A isQIndicating the downward reflecting point search aperture, x5And x6Respectively representing the starting and ending lateral coordinates of the search aperture. A has been omitted here for the sake of simplicityQIs measured. The search aperture of the downward reflecting point is shown as A in FIG. 8QAs shown.
5) And 6) carrying out near-surface interlayer multiple prediction on each seismic channel with shot-geophone pair (S, R) according to the sequence of shot points and the sequence of receiving points according to the steps 6) -18).
6) Calculating the abscissa interval [ x ] according to the formula (1) and the formula (2)S,xR]Mean depth z of interbed multiple interfaceavAnd an equivalent velocity vav. The pair of shots (S, R) is shown as S and R in FIGS. 8 and 9.
7) For each point P3 (x) within the shot-side predicted apertureP3) And each point P4 (x) within the reception point-side predicted apertureP4) (ii) a According to the steps 8) -10) calculating the x-axis of the shot point abscissaP3And the abscissa of the receiving point is in xP4Green function g (x)P3,xP4T). The depth coordinates of P3 and P4 are omitted here for simplicity. P3 and P4 are shown in FIG. 8.
8) For each point within the search aperture, P is calculated by equation (9) above3QP4When three points are fulfilled, tau (x)q) Wherein x isP3And xP4Predicting a point P within the aperture for the shot side and the receiver side, respectively3、P4Abscissa of (a), xqFor searching the abscissa, z, of the point Q in the apertureavAnd vavIs an abscissa interval [ xS,xR]The average depth and average equivalent velocity of the inner multiple interfaces. Three points P3Q and P4And the search aperture is shown in figure 8.
9) Within the search aperture, the smallest P is selected3QP4Fulfillment time τ as Green function at three point fulfillmentg(xP3,xP4) Wherein x isP3And xP4Predicting a point P within the aperture for the shot side and the receiver side, respectively3、P4The abscissa of (a). The ray paths of the green's function are shown in the left graph of fig. 13. FIG. 12 shows the mirror ray path (left) in the interbed multiples contribution trace set and the ray path of the Green's function (right).
10) Calculating the Green function g (x) according to the formula (7)P3,xP4,t)。
11) Calculating the x-coordinate of the central shot point abscissa of the common shot point channel according to the formula (5)SAnd the abscissa x of the receiving pointP4The ablation function of (a). Common shot gathers and their ablation curves are shown to the left of FIG. 10Shown in the figures and the middle.
12) Calculating the abscissa x of the receiving point in the common receiving point set according to the formula (6)RAnd the abscissa x of the shot pointP3The ablation function of (a). The common receive point gathers and their ablation curves are shown in the left and middle panels of fig. 11.
13) From seismic data d (x) according to equation (3)S,xRT) extracting common shot gathers in ARInner seismic trace dcsp(xS,xP4T) and excision is carried out. Wherein A isRIndicating the receiving point side predicted aperture. The ablated common shot gather is shown on the right hand side of figure 10.
14) From seismic data d (x) according to equation (4)S,xRT) extracting common receiving point gather in aperture ASInner seismic trace dcrp(xP3,xRT) and excision is carried out. Wherein A isSIndicating the shot side predicted aperture. The excised co-receiver gathers are shown on the right hand side of figure 11.
15) According to the formula (13), the formula (14) and the formula (15), the green function g (x) is respectively matchedP3,xP4T), the common shot gather after ablation is in ARThe inner seismic channel and the common receiving point gather are in ASThe inner seismic traces are Fourier transformed along time axis t.
16) To ASEach x inP3And AREach x inP4The interbed multiples are predicted in the frequency domain according to the above equation (10). In the inter-layer multiple contribution gather of the time domain, the left graph shown in fig. 14 corresponds to the inter-layer multiple prediction method based on data driving in the prior art, and the right graph shown in fig. 14 corresponds to the near-surface inter-layer multiple prediction method based on two-dimensional model and data hybrid driving provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
17) And (3) summing the interbed multiple contribution gathers according to the formula (11) to obtain the predicted interbed multiples.
18) And (4) performing inverse Fourier transform on the interlayer multiples predicted in the frequency domain according to the formula (12) to obtain the interlayer multiples predicted in the time domain. FIG. 15 shows a predicted interbed multiple model trace, and FIG. 16 shows a predicted interbed multiple model trace gather.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a near-surface interbed multiple prediction apparatus, as described in the following embodiments. The principle of the device for solving the problems is similar to that of the near-surface interbed multiple prediction method, so the implementation of the device can refer to the implementation of the near-surface interbed multiple prediction method, and repeated parts are not described again.
Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a near-surface inter-layer multiple prediction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 17, the apparatus includes: a seismic data acquisition module 171, a first data extraction module 172, a second data extraction module 173, a multiple interface green's function determination module 174, a shot-to-geophone multiples prediction module 175, and a seismic trace multiples prediction module 176.
The seismic data acquisition module 171 is used for acquiring two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data of a near-surface research area; a first data extraction module 172, configured to, for each selected target seismic channel, extract, from the two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data, all seismic channels of the common shot gather corresponding to the target seismic channel in the predicted aperture at the receiver side and the common receiver gather in the predicted aperture at the shot side; a second data extraction module 173, configured to extract, for each shot-survey pair in which the shot point and the receiving point are located in the shot-side predicted aperture and the receiving-point-side predicted aperture, a seismic channel from the corresponding common shot point gather and common receiving point gather; a multiple interface green function determining module 174, configured to search, for each shot detection pair in which the shot point and the receiving point are located in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture, a downward reflection point at the minimum fulfillment time in a search aperture given on an interlayer multiple interface, and determine a green function of the shot detection pair; a shot-to-geophone multiples prediction module 175, configured to predict, for each shot-to-geophone pair whose shot point and receiving point are located in the shot-side prediction aperture and the receiving point-side prediction aperture, an interbed multiples of the shot-to-geophone pair according to the green's function of each shot-to-geophone pair and the two extracted seismic traces; and the seismic channel multiple prediction module 176 is configured to add the predicted interbed multiples of all shot pairs in which the shot point and the receiving point are located in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture, respectively, to obtain the predicted interbed multiples of the target seismic channel.
In one embodiment, the near-surface inter-layer multiple prediction apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes: the interlayer multiple interface parameter determining module 177 is used for acquiring the abscissa, the depth coordinate and the equivalent speed of an interlayer multiple downward reflecting point; and for each shot detection pair, determining the average depth and the equivalent speed of the interlayer multiple interface according to the abscissa, the depth coordinate and the equivalent speed of the interlayer multiple downward reflection point.
In one embodiment, the interbed multiple interface parameter determining module 177 is configured to calculate an average depth and an equivalent velocity of the interbed multiple interface according to the formula (1) and the formula (2), respectively.
In one embodiment, the first data extraction module 172 is further configured to: for each target seismic channel, obtaining a given shot point side predicted aperture and a given receiving point side predicted aperture; determining a cut-off function of the common shot point gather corresponding to the target seismic channel according to the given receiving point side predicted aperture, the average depth and the equivalent velocity of the interlayer multiple interface; determining a cut-off function of a common receiving point gather corresponding to a target seismic channel according to a given shot side predicted aperture, the average depth of an interlayer multiple interface and the equivalent velocity; extracting seismic channels of the common shot point gather corresponding to the target seismic channels in the predicted aperture of the receiving point side from the two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data according to the cutting function of the common shot point gather corresponding to the target seismic channels; and extracting the seismic channels of the common receiving point gather corresponding to the target seismic channels in the shot-side prediction aperture from the two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data according to the excision function of the common receiving point gather corresponding to the target seismic channels.
Optionally, the first data extraction module 172 is further configured to extract, through the above formulas (3) and (4), a seismic trace of which the common shot gather is located in the shot-side prediction aperture and a seismic trace of which the common shot gather is located in the shot-side prediction aperture corresponding to the target seismic trace.
In one embodiment, the multiple interface green's function determining module 174 is further configured to: calculating fulfillment time of the shot point, the downward reflection point and the receiving point for each shot detection pair of which the shot point and the receiving point are respectively positioned in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture, and for each downward reflection point in a given search aperture on an interlayer multiple interface; and determining the minimum fulfillment time as the fulfillment time of the Green function, and obtaining the Green function of each shot-receiver pair.
Optionally, the multiple interface green function determining module 174 is further configured to determine the green function of each shot-geophone pair according to the above formula (7).
In one embodiment, the shot-to-shot multiple prediction module 175 is further configured to: transforming the Green function of each shot-geophone pair, the seismic channels of the common shot gather in the predicted aperture of the receiving point side and the seismic channels of the common shot gather in the predicted aperture of the shot side to a frequency domain to obtain the Green function of the frequency domain, the seismic channels of the common shot gather in the predicted aperture of the receiving point side and the seismic channels of the common shot gather in the predicted aperture of the shot side; determining a frequency domain multiple contribution gather corresponding to each shot detection to the seismic channel according to a Green function of a frequency domain, seismic channels of the common shot gather in the receiving point side prediction aperture and seismic channels of the common receiving point gather in the shot side prediction aperture; summing the gather of the frequency domain multiple contributions corresponding to the seismic traces of each shot detection pair to obtain an interlamination multiple of each shot detection pair in the frequency domain; and transforming the interbed multiples of each shot-detection pair in the frequency domain to the time domain to obtain the interbed multiples of each shot-detection pair in the time domain.
Optionally, the shot-to-multiples prediction module 175 is further configured to determine a corresponding frequency domain multiple contribution gather of each shot to the seismic trace according to the formula (10).
In one embodiment, the geophone pair multiples prediction module 175 is further configured to sum the corresponding frequency domain multiples contribution gathers of each geophone pair seismic trace by equation (11) to obtain the inter-layer multiples predicted in the frequency domain for each geophone pair.
In one embodiment, the geophone pair multiple prediction module 175 is further configured to transform the inter-layer multiple prediction result of each geophone pair in the frequency domain to the time domain by the inverse fourier transform formula shown in formula (12).
In the above embodiment, the multiple interface green function determining module 174 is further configured to transform the green function of each shot-geophone pair, the seismic traces of the common shot gather in the predicted aperture on the receiving point side, and the seismic traces of the common shot gather in the predicted aperture on the shot side to the frequency domain through the fourier transform formulas shown in the above formulas (13), (14), and (15).
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, so as to solve the technical problem that the existing interlayer multiple prediction method cannot be applied to the near-surface or shallow layer.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium for solving the technical problem that the conventional inter-layer multiple prediction method cannot be applied to the near-surface or shallow layer, where the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the near-surface inter-layer multiple prediction method.
In summary, embodiments of the present invention provide a method, an apparatus, a computer device, and a computer readable storage medium for predicting near-surface interbed multiples, in which after two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data of a near-surface research area is acquired, for each shot-detection pair, seismic traces with a common shot point gather located in a receiving point side prediction aperture and seismic traces with a common receiving point gather located in a shot point side prediction aperture are extracted from the two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data, and then a green function of each shot-detection pair is determined according to a downward reflection point of each shot-detection pair given minimum fulfillment in a search aperture on an interbed multiples interface, so as to predict interbed multiples of each shot-detection pair according to the determined green function.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the Green function of the multiple interface without wavelets is adopted to replace the effective wave of the multiple interface, so that the interlayer multiple of a wider frequency band can be predicted.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. A near-surface interbed multiple prediction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data of a near-surface research area;
for each selected target seismic channel, extracting all seismic channels of a common shot point gather corresponding to the target seismic channel in a receiving point side prediction aperture and the common receiving point gather in a shot point side prediction aperture from the two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data;
for each shot-survey pair of which the shot point and the receiving point are respectively located in the shot point side predicted aperture and the receiving point side predicted aperture, respectively extracting a seismic channel from the corresponding common shot point channel set and the common receiving point channel set;
for each shot and receiver pair with the shot point and receiver point respectively located in the predicted aperture at the shot point side and the predicted aperture at the receiver point side, searching a downward reflection point with minimum fulfillment in a given search aperture on an interlayer multiple interface, and determining a Green function of the shot and receiver pair;
for each shot detection pair of which the shot point and the receiving point are respectively positioned in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture, predicting interlayer multiples of the shot detection pair according to the Green function of each shot detection pair and the two extracted seismic channels;
and adding the predicted interbed multiples of all shot detection pairs of the shot point and the receiving point which are respectively positioned in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture to obtain the predicted interbed multiples of the target seismic channel.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
acquiring the abscissa, the depth coordinate and the equivalent speed of an interlayer multiple downward reflection point;
and for each shot detection pair, determining the average depth and the equivalent speed of the interlayer multiple interface according to the abscissa, the depth coordinate and the equivalent speed of the downward reflection point of the interlayer multiple.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the average depth and the equivalent velocity of the interbed multiple interface are calculated by the following equations, respectively:
wherein z isavRepresenting the average depth of the multiple interface between layers; v. ofavRepresenting the equivalent velocity of an interbed multiple interface; x is the number ofSRepresents the abscissa of the common shot point; x is the number ofRAn abscissa representing a common reception point; z is a radical ofqRepresenting depth coordinates of the interbed multiple down-reflecting points; x is the number ofqAn abscissa representing an interlayer multiple down-reflection point; v. ofqRepresenting the equivalent velocity of the interbed multiples down-reflected point.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein for each selected target seismic trace, extracting all seismic traces from the two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data for which the common shot gather is within the receiver-side predicted aperture and for which the common receiver gather is within the shot-side predicted aperture comprises:
for each target seismic channel, obtaining a given shot point side predicted aperture and a given receiving point side predicted aperture;
determining a cut-off function of the common shot point gather corresponding to the target seismic channel according to the given receiving point side predicted aperture, the average depth and the equivalent velocity of the interlayer multiple interface; determining a cut-off function of a common receiving point gather corresponding to a target seismic channel according to a given shot side predicted aperture, the average depth of an interlayer multiple interface and the equivalent velocity;
extracting seismic channels of the common shot point gather corresponding to the target seismic channels in the predicted aperture of the receiving point side from the two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data according to the cutting function of the common shot point gather corresponding to the target seismic channels; and extracting the seismic channels of the common receiving point gather corresponding to the target seismic channels in the shot-side prediction aperture from the two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data according to the excision function of the common receiving point gather corresponding to the target seismic channels.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the seismic traces of the target seismic trace corresponding to the common shot gather within the receiver-side predicted aperture and the seismic traces of the common receiver gather within the shot-side predicted aperture are extracted by the following formula:
wherein d iscspRepresenting the extracted common shot gather; dcrpRepresenting the extracted common receiving point gather; cSA cut-out function representing a common shot gather; cRAn ablation function representing a common receive point gather; z is a radical ofavRepresenting the average depth of the multiple interface between layers; v. ofavRepresenting the equivalent velocity of an interbed multiple interface; x is the number ofSRepresents the abscissa of the common shot point; x is the number ofRAn abscissa representing a common reception point; x is the number ofP4An abscissa representing a reception point P4 within the reception point-side predicted aperture; x is the number ofP3The abscissa of shot P3 within the shot-side predicted aperture is shown.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein for each shot pair having a shot point and a receive point located within the shot-side predicted aperture and the receive point-side predicted aperture, respectively, searching for a minimum fulfillment time downward-reflecting point within a given search aperture at an interbed multiples interface, and determining a green's function for the shot pair, comprises:
calculating fulfillment time of the shot point, the downward reflection point and the receiving point for each shot detection pair of which the shot point and the receiving point are respectively positioned in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture, and for each downward reflection point in a given search aperture on an interlayer multiple interface;
and determining the minimum fulfillment time as the fulfillment time of the Green function, and obtaining the Green function of each shot-receiver pair.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the green's function for each shot-to-receiver pair is determined by the formula:
wherein, taug(xP3,xP4)＝min{τ(xq)}；
Wherein, τ (x)q) Indicating fulfillment of a shot point, a downward reflecting point, a receiving point; z is a radical ofavRepresenting the average depth of the multiple interface between layers; v. ofavTo representEquivalent velocity of the interbed multiple interface; x is the number ofqAn abscissa representing an interlayer multiple down-reflection point; x is the number ofP4An abscissa representing a reception point P4 within the reception point-side predicted aperture; x is the number ofP3An abscissa representing a shot point P3 within the shot-side predicted aperture; g (x)P3,xP4T) represents a green function; delta (t-tau)g(xP3,xP4) ) represents a pulse function.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein for each shot pair having a shot point and a receiver point located within the shot-side predicted aperture and the receiver-side predicted aperture, respectively, predicting an interbed multiple for the shot pair based on the green's function and the extracted two seismic traces for each shot pair, comprises:
transforming the Green function of each shot-geophone pair, the seismic channels of the common shot gather in the predicted aperture of the receiving point side and the seismic channels of the common shot gather in the predicted aperture of the shot side to a frequency domain to obtain the Green function of the frequency domain, the seismic channels of the common shot gather in the predicted aperture of the receiving point side and the seismic channels of the common shot gather in the predicted aperture of the shot side;
determining a frequency domain multiple contribution gather corresponding to each shot detection to the seismic channel according to a Green function of a frequency domain, seismic channels of the common shot gather in the receiving point side prediction aperture and seismic channels of the common receiving point gather in the shot side prediction aperture;
summing the gather of the frequency domain multiple contributions corresponding to the seismic traces of each shot detection pair to obtain an interlamination multiple of each shot detection pair in the frequency domain;
and transforming the interbed multiples of each shot-detection pair in the frequency domain to the time domain to obtain the interbed multiples of each shot-detection pair in the time domain.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the frequency domain multiple contribution gather for each shot to the seismic trace is determined by the following equation:
MCGS,R(xP3,xP4,ω)＝Dcsp(xS,xP4,ω)Dcrp(xP3,xR,ω)G*(xP3,xP4,ω)；
wherein, MCGS,RRepresenting frequency domain interbed multiples corresponding to the shot-geophone pair (S, R) seismic traces; dcspSeismic traces of a common shot gather representing a frequency domain located within a predicted aperture on the receiving point side; dcrpA seismic trace representing a common receiver gather of the frequency domain located within the predicted aperture on the shot side; g represents a Green function of a frequency domain; the upper corner indicates the conjugate of the complex number; x is the number ofsRepresents the abscissa of the common shot point; x is the number ofRAn abscissa representing a common reception point; x is the number ofP4An abscissa representing a reception point P4 within the reception point-side predicted aperture; x is the number ofP3An abscissa representing a shot point P3 within the shot-side predicted aperture; ω represents the circle frequency.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the frequency domain multiples contribution gathers for each shot pair seismic trace are summed by the following equation to obtain the interbed multiples for each shot pair in the frequency domain:
wherein M isS,RRepresenting the time domain interbed multiples corresponding to the shot-geophone pair (S, R) seismic traces; x is the number of1A start abscissa representing a predicted aperture on the shot side; x is the number of2An end abscissa representing a predicted aperture on the shot side; x is the number of3A start abscissa representing a predicted aperture on the receiving point side; x is the number of4The end abscissa representing the predicted aperture on the receiving point side.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein each shot pair is transformed into the time domain at an interbed multiple in the frequency domain by the inverse fourier transform formula:
mS,R(t)＝∫MS,R(ω)eiωtdω；
wherein m isS,RIndicating the interlayer of shot-to-shot pairs (S, R) in the time domainA multiple; mS,RAn interbed multiple representing a shot-to-shot pair (S, R) in the frequency domain; ω represents the circle frequency; t represents time.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the green's function for each shot-receiver pair, the seismic traces for the common shot gather within the receiver-side prediction aperture, and the seismic traces for the common receiver-point gather within the shot-side prediction aperture are transformed into the frequency domain by the following fourier transform equations:
G(xP3,xP4,ω)＝∫g(xP3,xP4,t)e-iωtdt；
Dcsp(xS,xP4,ω)＝∫dcsp(xS,xP4,t)e-iωtdt；
Dcrp(xP3,xR,ω)＝∫dcrp(xP3,xR,t)e-iωtdt；
wherein, G (x)P3,xP4ω) represents the green function of the shot-to-shot pair (S, R) in the frequency domain; g (x)P3,xP4T) represents the green function of the shot-to-shot pair (S, R) in the time domain; dcsp(xS,xP4ω) represents the seismic traces of the frequency domain shot-geophone pair (S, R) common shot gather located in the predicted aperture on the receiving point side; dcsp(xS,xP4T) represents seismic traces of a common shot gather of the time domain shot-geophone pair (S, R) located in a predicted aperture at the receiving point side; dcrp(xP3,xRω) represents the seismic traces of the frequency domain shot-geophone pair (S, R) common receiver gather located within the predicted aperture at the shot side; dcrp(xP3,xRT) represents seismic traces of which the common receiving point gather of the time domain shot and survey pair (S, R) is positioned in the predicted aperture at the shot side; ω represents the circle frequency; t represents time.
13. A near-surface interbed multiple prediction device, comprising:
the seismic data acquisition module is used for acquiring two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data of a near-surface research area;
the first data extraction module is used for extracting all seismic channels of a common shot point gather corresponding to the target seismic channel in a receiving point side prediction aperture and the common receiving point gather in a shot point side prediction aperture from the two-dimensional pre-stack seismic data for each selected target seismic channel;
the second data extraction module is used for respectively extracting a seismic channel from the corresponding common shot point channel set and common receiving point channel set for each shot detection pair of which the shot point and the receiving point are respectively positioned in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture;
a multiple interface Green function determining module, configured to search, for each shot detection pair in which the shot point and the receiving point are located in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture, a downward reflection point at the minimum fulfillment time in a search aperture given on an interlayer multiple interface, and determine a Green function of the shot detection pair;
the shot-to-shot-detection pair multiple wave prediction module is used for predicting interlayer multiple waves of each shot-to-shot detection pair, wherein the shot point and the receiving point are respectively positioned in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture, according to the Green function of each shot-to-shot detection pair and the two extracted seismic traces;
and the seismic channel multiple prediction module is used for adding the predicted interbed multiples of all shot detection pairs of which shot points and receiving points are respectively positioned in the shot point side prediction aperture and the receiving point side prediction aperture to obtain the predicted interbed multiples of the target seismic channel.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
the interlayer multiple interface parameter determining module is used for acquiring the abscissa, the depth coordinate and the equivalent speed of an interlayer multiple downward reflecting point; and for each shot detection pair, determining the average depth and the equivalent speed of the interlayer multiple interface according to the abscissa, the depth coordinate and the equivalent speed of the interlayer multiple downward reflection point.
15. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method of near surface inter-layer multiple prediction of any one of claims 1 to 12 when executing the computer program.
16. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing the near-surface interbed multiple prediction method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
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