CN103573979A - Automatic bearing pre-tightening force adjustment device based on piezoelectric ceramic actuators - Google Patents

Automatic bearing pre-tightening force adjustment device based on piezoelectric ceramic actuators Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103573979A
CN103573979A CN201310487292.1A CN201310487292A CN103573979A CN 103573979 A CN103573979 A CN 103573979A CN 201310487292 A CN201310487292 A CN 201310487292A CN 103573979 A CN103573979 A CN 103573979A
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piezoelectric ceramic
bearing
ceramic actuator
device based
outer ring
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CN201310487292.1A
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CN103573979B (en
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孙容磊
汪正国
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/70Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an automatic bearing pre-tightening force adjustment device based on piezoelectric ceramic actuators. The device comprises a bearing sealing part, a mounting base(6), adjusting rings (8) and piezoelectric ceramic actuators (7), wherein each piezoelectric ceramic actuator comprises a mounting base (702), a piezoelectric ceramic pile positioning ring (701), a piezoelectric ceramic pile (708), an output shaft (707) and an elastic deformation body (706). Each bearing is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a plurality of actuators for respectively controlling pre-tightening forces of a plurality of positions of the bearing; during a working process, the pre-tightening forces of the plurality of positions of the bearing in the circumferential direction are measured, the piezoelectric ceramic actuators in the corresponding positions are controlled respectively according to measurement values, and proper displacements and forces are output to pre-tighten the bearing. The device realizes real-time bearing pre-tightening force adjustment and meets the requirements of a rotary mechanism on the rotary precision, the rigid and the life of the bearing in different working conditions.

Description

A kind of bearing pre-fastening self-adjusting device based on piezoelectric ceramic actuator
Technical field
The present invention relates to the self-adjusting device of rotating machinery middle (center) bearing pretightening force, belong to machinery and control field.
Background technique
In rotating machinery, the general rolling bearing that uses is as the supporting of running shaft.For the use of angular contact ball bearing, it must could work in the situation that having pretightening force.Pretightening force not only can be eliminated the axial clearance of bearing, reduces noise and vibration, can also improve the rigidity of bearing, makes rotating machinery have good rotating accuracy, rigidity, thermal property etc., thereby improves its working life.
Usually, pretightening force is larger, improves the rigidity of rotating machinery and the effect of running accuracy better; But pretightening force is larger, steel ball is also larger to the frictional force of raceway, and temperature rise is higher, may cause the burn of bearing, thereby causes the operation troubles of rotating machinery.Take machine tool chief axis as example, and the size of bearing pre-fastening had a significant impact main shaft running precision, rigidity and life-span.In spindle operation process, the requirement of the performances such as main axis stiffness under different operating modes differs, and regulates in real time the pretightening force of bearing according to the processing operating mode of lathe, makes main shaft reach good combination property, is significant.
At present, about the control of pretightening force, Chinese scholars has been carried out certain theoretic discussion and experimental research.According to control form, divide and be generally two classes.The first kind is from changing a kind of special bearing of viewpoint design of bearing structure, but the manufacture of special bearing is complicated, and standardization, generalization degree are not high.And when normal or improper wearing and tearing and fatigue ruption appear in bearing in the course of the work, change bearing and certainly will will readjust whole machinery and control system, to maintenance, bring unnecessary trouble, thereby limited to a great extent the use of special bearing.Equations of The Second Kind is to use independently Bearing Preload Controller to realize pretightening force compensation.A kind of simple mode is exactly to replace traditional stiffening ring with flexible central ring, for example, a kind of Bearing Preload Controller of Zhejiang University's design, its structure is the round member that hollow is airtight, by the pressure of fluid in regulation and control cavity, realize the control to bearing pre-fastening.The method applies uniform pretightening force by hydraulic system on the whole outer ring of bearing, in practical application, owing to there is the problems such as bearing machining error, pedestal mounting hole machining error, bearing alignment error, said method will make the pretightening force that in bearing, each ball is subject to not of uniform size.Inhomogeneous pretightening force will reduce life-span and the rigidity of bearing, and, process large diameter middle circle chain rate more difficult.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of based on piezoelectric ceramic actuator, can bearing circumferencial direction several point independently apply pretightening force, the rational bearing pre-tightened force automatic regulating device of compact structure, can realize bearing zones of different is applied to different pretightening forces, make in bearing ball stressed evenly, improve bearings synthesis performance.
The technological scheme that the present invention can solve the problems of the technologies described above is:
A kind of bearing pre-fastening self-adjusting device based on piezoelectric ceramic actuator, it comprises: bearing seal, mounting base, adjustment ring and piezoelectric ceramic actuator, wherein, described piezoelectric ceramic actuator comprises: mounting base, piezoelectric ceramic stack positioning ring, piezoelectric ceramic stack, output shaft, elastic deformable body.
Wherein, described bearing seal comprises labyrinth seal outer ring and labyrinth seal inner ring, described labyrinth seal outer ring is fixed on main shaft, inner ring with the common fixed angles contact ball bearing of the shaft shoulder on main shaft, the outer ring of described labyrinth seal inner ring and the common fixed angles contact ball bearing of piezoelectric ceramic actuator, described adjustment ring can be carried out preliminary adjusting to bearing pre-fastening in the installation process of bearing, described piezoelectric ceramic actuator is arranged in the endoporus of mounting base, and described output shaft acts directly on the outer ring of bearing.
Wherein, described piezoelectric ceramic stack is arranged in the endoporus of final controlling element mounting base, described piezoelectric constant positioning ring is located piezoelectric ceramic stack, the motion of piezoelectric ceramic stack displacement output shaft is led simultaneously, by piezoelectric ceramic stack being applied to different voltage, final controlling element can be exported different displacements, to adjust the pretightening force to bearing.
Wherein, described piezoelectric ceramic actuator is used the circular film displacement transferring structure that declines.
Wherein, in described piezoelectric ceramic actuator by using strain gauge to measure the distortion of circular film, thereby can draw the size of final controlling element output displacement.
Wherein, in the outer ring of first bearing, be uniformly distributed 4 piezoelectric ceramic actuators be installed, in the outer ring of another bearing, be uniformly distributed 4 piezoelectric ceramic actuators are installed, with final controlling element on first bearing differ in a circumferential direction 45 ° staggered.
Wherein, described piezoelectric ceramic actuator also comprises socket head screw, spring washer and strain gauge.
In described piezoelectric ceramic actuator, output shaft is directly driven and is produced micrometric displacement by piezoelectric ceramic stack.
In described piezoelectric ceramic actuator, by regulating the input voltage of piezoelectric constant, piezoelectric ceramic actuator can be realized the output of different displacements to meet the needs of bearing diverse location pretightening force.
The present invention has obtained following technique effect:
1. the piezoelectric ceramic actuator relating in the present invention can be realized several points on bearing are applied to pretightening force, can apply suitable pretightening force compensation for bearing difference;
2. the piezoelectric ceramic actuator relating in the present invention, by using the design of circular film can realize the measurement to micrometric displacement, can be controlled the displacement output to piezoelectric ceramic actuator.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is machine tool chief axis erection drawing;
Fig. 2 is the scheme of installation of bearing piezoelectric ceramic actuator;
Fig. 3 is piezoelectric ceramic actuator device;
Fig. 4 is the sectional view of piezoelectric ceramic actuator shown in Fig. 3
Mark in figure:
1-main shaft, 2-labyrinth seal outer ring is fixing with socket head screw, 3-labyrinth seal outer ring, 4-labyrinth seal inner ring, 5-labyrinth seal inner ring is fixing with socket head screw, 6-mounting base, 7-piezoelectric ceramic actuator, 8-adjustment ring, 9-main shaft bearing, 701-piezoelectric ceramic stack positioning ring, 702-fixed base, 703-elastic deformable body is fixing with socket head screw, 704-spring washer, 705-strain gauge, 706-elastic deformable body, 707-output shaft, 708-piezoelectric ceramic stack.
Specific implementation method
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, further illustrate specific embodiment of the invention method.
As shown in Figure 1, main shaft 1 adopts hollow design, and part and fixture are arranged in the cavity of main shaft, uses the angular contact ball bearing 9 conduct supportings that diameter is larger, and the sealing of main shaft 1 adopts the mode of labyrinth seal.The outer ring 3 of labyrinth seal is fixed on main shaft 1 by socket head screw 2, and the outer ring of labyrinth seal is along with main shaft rotates together.The outer ring 3 of labyrinth seal and the shaft shoulder of main shaft 1 are fixed the inner ring of bearing.The inner ring 4 of labyrinth seal is fixed on mounting base 6 by socket head screw 5, the outer ring of itself and piezoelectric ceramic actuator 7 common rigid bearings, and in the process of installing, can realize by adjustment ring 8 the preliminary adjusting of bearing pre-fastening.Piezoelectric ceramic actuator 7 can be arranged on by socket head screw in the endoporus of mounting base 6, and in endoporus, machined grooves is to facilitate the installation of piezoelectric ceramic actuator.
Fig. 2 shows the mounting arrangements mode of piezoelectric ceramic actuator on bearing circumferencial direction, and final controlling element is divided into two groups: 1 group and 2 groups, every group applies effect to a bearing, single bearing is evenly arranged to 4 piezoelectric ceramic actuators.Another bearing makes to install in the same way piezoelectric ceramic actuator, and the final controlling element of different is piezoelectric ceramic actuator and previous bearing differs 45 ° in a circumferential direction.
Fig. 3 illustrates the schematic diagram of piezoelectric ceramic actuator, the sectional view that Fig. 4 is piezoelectric ceramic actuator.This piezoelectric ceramic actuator is a kind of microdisplacement actuator based on piezoceramic material, comprising: mounting base 702, piezoelectric ceramic stack positioning ring 701, piezoelectric ceramic stack 708, output shaft 707, elastic deformable body 706, socket head screw 703, spring washer 704 and strain gauge 705.
Piezoelectric ceramic actuator is used the circular film displacement transferring structure that declines.The part that circular membrane chip flexible structure not only has centralized flexible structure is few, without friction, wearing and tearing and drive gap, self there is backhaul counter-force, also have that flexible portion was unstressedly concentrated in when distortion, fatigue strength is high, manufacture the advantages such as comparatively easy simultaneously.On circular film, post 4 strain gauges, a side of circular film is pasted 2 strain gauges, is distributed in diametric(al).At two strain gauges of the same stickup of symmetrical position of circular film opposite side, the strain that can measure circular film, to calculate the size of the displacement output value of learning piezoelectric ceramic actuator output shaft 707.
Above-mentioned 8 piezoelectric ceramic actuators that are arranged on bearing can be realized independent control, according to the pretightening force size of bearing different measuring point, apply suitable pretightening force compensation can to bearing diverse location.
Assembling of the present invention and working procedure are as follows:
1) piezoelectric ceramic actuator assembling 7 is arranged on respectively in the cavity of mounting base 6 as requested;
2) outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing of a side is installed in the hole of pedestal, then main shaft is placed into suitable mounting point by lifting machine.Again the inner ring of same side bearing is arranged on main shaft, the inner ring of bearing and outer ring is installed to correct position simultaneously;
3) bearing enclose of main shaft opposite side is according to step 2) in method install;
4) the labyrinth seal inner ring of a side is installed, by socket head screw 5, is fixed on the pedestal of lathe, use the preliminary pretightening force of adjusting bearing of adjustment ring 8 simultaneously.Then the outer ring of the labyrinth seal of this side is installed, by socket head screw 2, be fixed on main shaft.
5) the same step 4) of the installation of opposite side labyrinth gland;
6) lathe is tried to out test lathe.The result of use test is adjusted the thickness of pad, so that the initial pretightening force of bearing is adjusted;
7), by the adjusting of step 6), the bearing working of lathe is more stable.In the running of lathe, by measuring the pretightening force size of each measuring point of bearing, in conjunction with the working condition of lathe, bearing respective point is applied to suitable pretightening force independently.Make bearing there is good service behaviour, improve the usability of lathe.
To sum up, in having the rotating machinery working procedure of bearing, first to carry out real-time measurement to the pretightening force of bearing.The measuring point of pretightening force can be distributed in several points of bearing circumferencial direction, thereby the bearing pre-fastening size that can measure according to diverse location, utilize piezoelectric ceramic actuator to apply different pretightening forces on several point of action of bearing, so that bearing ball is stressed evenly, can improve the rigidity of bearing and the characteristics such as running accuracy of main shaft.
The above; be only the present invention's embodiment preferably, but the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to this, is anyly familiar with in technical scope that those skilled in the art disclose in the present invention; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. the bearing pre-fastening self-adjusting device based on piezoelectric ceramic actuator, it comprises: bearing seal, mounting base (6), adjustment ring (8) and piezoelectric ceramic actuator (7), wherein, described piezoelectric ceramic actuator comprises: mounting base (702), piezoelectric ceramic stack positioning ring (701), piezoelectric ceramic stack (708), output shaft (707), elastic deformable body (706).
2. a kind of bearing pre-fastening self-adjusting device based on piezoelectric ceramic actuator according to claim 1, wherein, described bearing seal comprises labyrinth seal outer ring (3) and labyrinth seal inner ring (4), described labyrinth seal outer ring (3) is fixed on main shaft (1), and the inner ring of the common fixed angles contact ball bearing of the shaft shoulder on main shaft (1), the outer ring of the common fixed angles contact ball bearing of described labyrinth seal inner ring (4) and piezoelectric ceramic actuator (7), described adjustment ring (8) can be carried out preliminary adjusting to bearing pre-fastening in the installation process of bearing, described piezoelectric ceramic actuator (7) is arranged in the endoporus of mounting base (6), described output shaft acts directly on the outer ring of bearing.
3. a kind of bearing pre-fastening self-adjusting device based on piezoelectric ceramic actuator according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described piezoelectric ceramic stack (708) is arranged in the endoporus of final controlling element mounting base (702), described piezoelectric constant positioning ring (701) is located piezoelectric ceramic stack (708), the motion of piezoelectric ceramic stack (708) displacement output shaft is led simultaneously, by piezoelectric ceramic stack (708) is applied to different voltage, final controlling element can be exported different displacements, to adjust the pretightening force to bearing.
4. a kind of bearing pre-fastening self-adjusting device based on piezoelectric ceramic actuator according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described piezoelectric ceramic actuator is used the circular film displacement transferring structure that declines.
5. a kind of bearing pre-fastening self-adjusting device based on piezoelectric ceramic actuator according to claim 3, wherein, in described piezoelectric ceramic actuator by using strain gauge to measure the distortion of circular film, thereby can draw the size of final controlling element output displacement.
6. a kind of bearing pre-fastening self-adjusting device based on piezoelectric ceramic actuator according to claim 1 and 2, wherein in the outer ring of first bearing, be uniformly distributed 4 piezoelectric ceramic actuators are installed, in the outer ring of another bearing, be uniformly distributed 4 piezoelectric ceramic actuators be installed, with final controlling element on first bearing differ in a circumferential direction 45 ° staggered.
7. a kind of bearing pre-fastening self-adjusting device based on piezoelectric ceramic actuator according to claim 1, wherein, described piezoelectric ceramic actuator also comprises socket head screw (703), spring washer (704) and strain gauge (705).
CN201310487292.1A 2013-10-17 2013-10-17 A kind of bearing pre-fastening self-regulation device based on piezoelectric ceramic actuator Expired - Fee Related CN103573979B (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104741936A (en) * 2015-04-10 2015-07-01 上海理工大学 Pretightening force regulating device of machine table
CN105065568A (en) * 2015-07-17 2015-11-18 哈尔滨工业大学 Method for retraining vibration of rotary shaft system
CN108247535A (en) * 2018-03-14 2018-07-06 沈阳建筑大学 A kind of numerically control grinder electro spindle for having self-adjustable bearing pretightning force
CN110308551A (en) * 2019-08-02 2019-10-08 南京邮电大学 A kind of optics of liquids phase converter that can be automatically controlled
CN110332231A (en) * 2019-07-15 2019-10-15 河北工业大学 A kind of bearing group that can actively adjust temperature and pretightning force
CN111579141A (en) * 2020-04-10 2020-08-25 一汽解放汽车有限公司 Piezoelectric actuator part packaging pretightening force detection device
CN113483026A (en) * 2021-07-01 2021-10-08 厦门势拓伺服科技股份有限公司 Electric main shaft lower bearing pressing spacer structure

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01266320A (en) * 1988-04-19 1989-10-24 Nippon Seiko Kk Preloading device for roller bearing
JPH071289A (en) * 1993-06-16 1995-01-06 Nippon Seiko Kk Axial displacement control spindle
JP2001200841A (en) * 2000-01-19 2001-07-27 Ntn Corp Bearing abnormality detecting device in bearing device
CN102278379A (en) * 2011-06-20 2011-12-14 西安交通大学 Non-uniform-distribution pretightening-force-controllable high-speed main shaft based on piezoelectric actuator and control method thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01266320A (en) * 1988-04-19 1989-10-24 Nippon Seiko Kk Preloading device for roller bearing
JPH071289A (en) * 1993-06-16 1995-01-06 Nippon Seiko Kk Axial displacement control spindle
JP2001200841A (en) * 2000-01-19 2001-07-27 Ntn Corp Bearing abnormality detecting device in bearing device
CN102278379A (en) * 2011-06-20 2011-12-14 西安交通大学 Non-uniform-distribution pretightening-force-controllable high-speed main shaft based on piezoelectric actuator and control method thereof

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104741936A (en) * 2015-04-10 2015-07-01 上海理工大学 Pretightening force regulating device of machine table
CN104741936B (en) * 2015-04-10 2017-06-23 上海理工大学 Platen pre-tightening force adjusting device
CN105065568A (en) * 2015-07-17 2015-11-18 哈尔滨工业大学 Method for retraining vibration of rotary shaft system
CN108247535A (en) * 2018-03-14 2018-07-06 沈阳建筑大学 A kind of numerically control grinder electro spindle for having self-adjustable bearing pretightning force
CN110332231A (en) * 2019-07-15 2019-10-15 河北工业大学 A kind of bearing group that can actively adjust temperature and pretightning force
CN110308551A (en) * 2019-08-02 2019-10-08 南京邮电大学 A kind of optics of liquids phase converter that can be automatically controlled
CN110308551B (en) * 2019-08-02 2021-03-02 南京邮电大学 Electrically controlled liquid optical phase modulator
CN111579141A (en) * 2020-04-10 2020-08-25 一汽解放汽车有限公司 Piezoelectric actuator part packaging pretightening force detection device
CN113483026A (en) * 2021-07-01 2021-10-08 厦门势拓伺服科技股份有限公司 Electric main shaft lower bearing pressing spacer structure

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