CN103572777A - Earthwork standard room retaining wall and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Earthwork standard room retaining wall and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103572777A CN103572777A CN201310488894.9A CN201310488894A CN103572777A CN 103572777 A CN103572777 A CN 103572777A CN 201310488894 A CN201310488894 A CN 201310488894A CN 103572777 A CN103572777 A CN 103572777A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an earthwork standard room retaining wall. A rigid layer, a bottom gravel drainage layer and an earth filled layer are sequentially laid on a foundation layer; at least one gravel drainage layer is laid in the earth filled layer; every one layer increase from the rigid layer ensures that an earthwork standard room is rearward shrunk, so as to form certain gradient; the retaining wall adopts a variable section structure; the higher the retaining wall is, the smaller the section and the thickness are. The invention also discloses a construction method of the retaining wall. Compared with the traditional retaining structures, such as a mortar rubble retaining wall, a reinforced retaining wall, a prestressed anchor sheet-pile wall, an anchor plate retaining wall and the like, the earthwork standard room retaining wall has the advantages that the structure is light and low in requirement on the bearing capacity of a foundation, masonry is cancelled, a wall surface is afforested, the retaining wall is ecological and environmentally friendly, and the landscape is beautified. Compared with the similar earthwork standard room retaining walls, the earthwork standard room retaining wall has the advantages that the horizontal displacement of the retaining wall is reduced, the safety factor is increased, earthwork standard rooms and reinforcing steel bars are saved, the labor force is saved, the construction period is shortened, and the economic benefit is obvious. The earthwork standard room retaining wall can be applied to slope protection of projects of expressways, airports and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the retaining wall technical field for side slope protection and reinforcing, particularly a kind of variable cross-section geotechnical grid retaining wall and job practices thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, extensive development along with China's speedway and airport construction, high fills embankment, it is conventionally visible that the Gravity Retaining Walls such as boundary are enclosed on high cut slope and embankment airport, the stability and security of these Gravity Retaining Walls is one of ubiquitous key issues in highway or airport construction, the quality that this problem solves, not only affect the construction period of whole engineering, construction quality, construction costs, and the safety in operation process and social benefit are all had a great impact, therefore the research of strengthening side slope guard technology is to improve highway, an important ring of airport construction phase and period of service benefit.
Retaining wall is widely used in highway and airport construction as a kind of conventional slope protection measures.Because some regional building stones sources of China are abundant, gather materials on the spot conveniently, add job practices simple, therefore, in a very long time, the gravity retaining wall of barnacle is the main retaining structure extensively adopting in China's civil engineering in the past.Gravity Retaining Wall relies on the deadweight of wall body to keep stable, but because Gravity Retaining Wall cross dimensions is large, wall body is heavier, higher to ground requirement for bearing capacity; The quantity of bricklaying is simultaneously many, and labour intensity is high, and construction speed is slow, at landform difficulty, building stones, lacks area application inconvenience, and its shortcoming of using is obvious; Particularly bricklaying metope cannot be afforested, and when it is used as embankment, cutting slope support structure and curb wall, not only affects beautifying of Roadside Landscape, and does not meet the requirement of environmental protection.Yet along with society and expanding economy; environment and ecological protection are subject to people's attention day by day; highway not only needs to bear the function of rapid transit passage; also be endowed the requirement that protection is ecological, beautify the environment simultaneously, so in highway construction, take into full account common recognition and an urgent demand that greening vegetation along the line, highway structure and the environmental harmony of natural landscape along the line are just becoming the whole society.
Aspect subgrade support protection structure, except Gravity Retaining Wall, reinforced earth bulkhead, Prestressed Anchor Cable Poling Board Wall, the anchor ingot plate barricade etc. in addition in highway engineering, commonly used at present, the application of said structure in engineering practice obtained a large amount of engineering experiences, but also exists the problems such as construction is complicated, self gravitation is large, environmental disruption is serious, shock-damping energy-dissipating effect is not obvious.With regard to cut slope protection, the bricklaying safeguard procedures such as mortar flag stone, slabstone or concrete skeleton and sprayed mortar that adopt more, although above-mentioned safeguard procedures can reach side slope protection object, but it is large to exist engineering quantity, labour intensity is high, ecological environment be difficult to recover and with the defect such as environmental landscape is inharmonious.And protection to fills embankment side slope, except bricklaying pattern, mostly adopt plane geosynthetics (as geo-grid, geotechnological gauze pad, three-dimensional earthwork etc.) in conjunction with the method for grass planting, although above-mentioned safeguard procedures have obtained certain effect in engineering practice, but also come with some shortcomings, be mainly manifested in planar materials and domatic frictional resistance little, the overcoat forming is thin, erosion resistance is low, under the effect of concentrated flow, easily produce surface and come off, cause slope erosion distortion, and then slip and collapse, the subgrade defect such as cave in.
Perfect gradually along with national freeway net, carries out in mountain area substantially at the speedway of building and planning to build at present, will certainly occur a large amount of slope support engineerings.Many speedway route major parts are in Freeway of Mountain Range, inevitably make route pass through with cutting or embankment form in a lot of sections, have occurred a large amount of slope projects; Meanwhile, filling of cutting excavation and high embankment must exert an influence to ecological environment along the line.How to accomplish in highway construction, should guarantee stability of slope, make to construct smooth, guarantee highway construction quality, effectively recover again along the line ecological, reduce the destruction to natural ecological environment as far as possible, preventive works and surrounding environment and natural landscape are coordinated, the theory that realizes built environment close friend type speedway is one of key technical problem of facing of this speedway.
On the other hand; along with country's continuing to increase existing cultivated land protection dynamics; reduce and take up an area an important guiding principle that has become expressway construction; this just requires when the building highway of Freeway of Mountain Range; in the situation that meeting route alignment requirement; except adopt the form of light fill and low cutting as far as possible; can use in a large number subgrade support protection structure; put the ratio of slope of gradient slope; reduce subgrade cross section thickness; to reach the object that reduces occupation of land, particularly all the more so in the linear restricted special location in mountain area.
Above 2 points; force the engineers and technicians must be in highway construction; to guarantee stability of slope; make to construct smooth; guarantee highway construction quality; effectively recover again along the line ecological; reduce the destruction to natural ecological environment as far as possible; preventive works and surrounding environment and natural landscape are coordinated; that is in the Slope Design of following mountain area, must propose or preferentially select some from heavy and light, low to ground requirement for bearing capacity, avoid opening greatly greatly dig, effectively protection of the environment, realize the light flexible support engineering structure of ecological recovery.
Chinese utility model patent ZL03219002.6 proposes a kind of geotechnical grid vegetation barricade, and this utility model is banketed in the geotechnical grid opening, and layer-by-layer rolling fills, and forms reinforced retaining wall.This utility model belongs to flexible shoring structure, has the feature of concrete or stone-laying barricade and reinforced earth bulkhead concurrently, can coordinate preferably the stressed of body of wall and distortion, meanwhile, can effectively disperse base stress, and sedimentation is less.The geotechnical grid vegetation wall-retaining structure adopting, has the advantages such as lightweight, specification standards, easy construction, guaranteeing, under stable prerequisite, can to plant flowers and plants in geotechnical grid, reaches greening domatic, beautifies the environment.Therefore but because geotechnical grid material cost is higher, whole construction costs is higher, and engineering practice and theoretical study results show, the horizontal movement of barricade middle and lower part is larger, and the safety of barricade is had to considerable influence.
Chinese invention patent ZL201010213540.X proposes a kind of flexible retaining wall with rigid support, this invention is provided with the gravel drainage blanket of the rigid bracing beam connecting with side slope in 1/2 place's making one deck of wall height, by rigid support, play the effect that increases barricade strength and stiffness, thereby strengthened the resistance to overturning of barricade, improved the safety factor of barricade, but the cross section type of barricade is uniform section, do not take into full account the stress characteristic of barricade, and do not give full play to the material property of geotechnical grid, cause the waste of material, long construction period, construction costs is higher.
Summary of the invention
For solving above technical problem, the invention provides a kind of geotechnical grid retaining wall that adopts variable cross-section form, for light flexible support engineering structure, not only can save construction costs, can also effectively reduce the horizontal movement of retaining wall, thereby guarantee the safety factor of retaining wall.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention has adopted a kind of geotechnical grid retaining wall, is equipped with rigid layer on basal layer, lays bottom gravel drainage blanket on rigid layer, on the gravel drainage blanket of bottom, upwards lay successively fill stratum, in described fill stratum, be equipped with at least one layer of gravel drainage blanket; From rigid layer, start every increase one deck geotechnical grid receding and form certain slope, until retaining wall top, every one deck geotechnical grid is connected with Bar Anchorage with neighbouring geotechnical grid, it is characterized in that: described retaining wall is set to variable section structure, more upwards sectional area is less, and retaining wall thickness is less.
Described retaining wall is divided into the first half and the latter half, and described the first half and the latter half respectively account for 1/2 of whole retaining wall height, and the thickness of described the first half is 1/2～3/4 of the latter half thickness.
On described retaining wall, be provided with elongated bar strip, the height 1/2～1 that described elongated bar strip thickness is whole retaining wall, described the first half is also provided with at least one bar strip, and the ratio of described bar strip thickness and elongated bar strip thickness equals the ratio of retaining wall the first half thickness and the latter half thickness.
Described elongated bar strip is arranged on wall height 1/3 place.
Described bar strip is separately positioned on 1/2,3/4 and 7/8 place of whole retaining wall height
Variable cross-section intersection at described retaining wall is provided with narrow bar strip, and described narrow bar strip thickness is identical with the thickness of the fill stratum of adjacent less thickness, and the thickness of aspect ratio fill stratum exceeds 1/4.
The described gradient is less than 1:0.25.
At bottom gravel drainage blanket, up every 2m, lay one deck gravel drainage blanket, gravel drainage blanket is different from bottom gravel drainage blanket except thickness, and all the other structures are identical with bottom gravel drainage blanket.
Described basal layer is stirred and is formed by cement and sand gravel, wherein the content of cement is 20%, the content of sand gravel is 80%, the diameter of sand is 0.5～2mm, and the diameter of grit stone is 2～50mm, uses length 1.5m, the reinforcing bar of diameter 12mm is followed closely as underpin, along basal layer length direction, every 2m, arrange one, along retaining wall thickness direction, every 1m, arrange one, squeeze into basal layer; Described geotechnical grid is of a size of height 20cm, and welding torch 80cm fills out cement-sandy gravel and forms rigid layer in geotechnical grid, and it is identical that its cement-sandy gravel is used with basal layer; On rigid layer, lay geotechnical grid, in geotechnical grid, back-up sand gravel forms described bottom gravel drainage blanket; The also compacting of banketing in geotechnical grid forms described fill stratum, and fill stratum planeness is less than 2.0cm, and filler requires even particle size, and maximum particle diameter must not be greater than 10cm.
Retaining wall top adopts sixteen dirt to fill, and its cross section is U-shaped groove structure.
The retaining structure that the present invention is traditional with traditional mortar flag stone retaining wall, reinforced earth bulkhead, Prestressed Anchor Cable Poling Board Wall, anchor ingot plate barricade etc. is compared, the variable cross-section geotechnical grid barricade that the present invention proposes has following advantage: structure is light, lower to the requirement of bearing capacity of foundation soil; Cancel bricklaying, afforesting wall surfaces, ecological, environmental protective, beautify view.Compare with similar geotechnical grid barricade, the variable cross-section geotechnical grid barricade that the present invention proposes has following advantage: reduce the horizontal movement of barricade, improve its safety factor; Save geotechnical grid and reinforcing bar, save labour, and shortened the duration, remarkable in economical benefits.The present invention can be widely used in the place that Gravity Retaining Wall need to be used in speedway, airport etc.
The present invention also provides a kind of job practices of geotechnical grid barricade, comprises the following steps as follows:
One, according to design drawing, carry out unwrapping wire, excavation, mechanical equivalent of light excavation stops when apart from substrate design absolute altitude 20～30cm excavating, and with labor cleaning, to design altitude, with vibrating roller, rolls; Relevant provision in its criterion referenced < < Highway Roadbed Construction Technology standard > > is carried out; Bearing capacity of foundation soil is carried out to on-the-spot test, should meet the requirement of bearing capacity of foundation soil;
Two, making basal layer; Basal layer is stirred and is formed by cement and sand gravel, wherein the content of cement is 20%, the content of sand gravel is 80%, the diameter of sand is 0.5～2mm, and the diameter of gravel is 2～50mm, uses length 1.5m, the reinforcing bar of diameter 12mm is followed closely as underpin, along foundation length direction, every 2m, arrange one, barricade thickness direction is arranged one every 1m, squeezes into basis and plays reinforcement effect;
Three, making rigid layer; After basal layer has been constructed, on basal layer, open geotechnical grid, by length, be 50cm, diameter is that the reinforcing bar of 12mm prolongs retaining wall length direction every one of 2m layout, along retaining wall thickness direction, every 1m, arrange one, with reinforcing bar, geotechnical grid is opened fixingly, inside fill out cement-sandy gravel, cement-sandy gravel is identical with basal layer;
Four, making bottom gravel drainage blanket; On rigid layer, open geotechnical grid, interior back-up sand gravel, as wall body drainage blanket;
Five, making fill stratum; On the gravel drainage blanket of bottom, lay geotechnical grid, with loader, banket, loader to starting down soil, is aided with artificial leveling by importer simultaneously; On the lattice chamber that loader bankets after leveling, walk, to this layer, banket forward successively complete, forbid loader to roll, destroy geotechnical grid; Carry out in time degree of compaction and planeness and detect, degree of compaction is greater than design load, and planeness is less than 2.0cm.Geotechnical grid filler requires even particle size, and maximum particle diameter must not be greater than 10cm; , large roller near apart from panel is difficult for close position and rams compacting with small vibrating.Making second layer fill stratum on the complete bottom first floor fill stratum of making, on second layer fill stratum, the 3rd layer of fill stratum of making is until retaining wall top, often upwards increase one deck geotechnical grid receding certain distance, formation is less than the gradient of 1:0.25, after every layer of geotechnical grid opens and bankets, all adopt length 50cm, the Bar Anchorage of diameter 12mm connects, in order to strengthen the globality of retaining wall.Making is during to retaining wall height 1/2 place, and upwards the retaining wall thickness of making is half of retaining wall the latter half thickness;
Six, making gravel drainage blanket; To bottom gravel drainage blanket upwards every 2m making one deck gravel drainage blanket;
Seven, the elongated bar strip of making; On the fill stratum at retaining wall height 1/3 place, lay geotechnical grid, inside fill out cement-sandy gravel, the height 1/2～1 that the thickness of elongated bar strip is whole retaining wall;
Eight, making bar strip and narrow bar strip; At 1/2,3/4,7/8 place's difference making bar strip of retaining wall height, filling concrete sand gravel in the geotechnical grid of bar strip, the thickness of bar strip is half of retaining wall height.The narrow bar strip of making on the bar strip at 1/2 place of retaining wall height, filling concrete sand gravel in the geotechnical grid of narrow bar strip, its geotechnical grid adopts 25cm;
Nine, making retaining wall top; Retaining wall top adopts sixteen dirt to fill, and makes U-shaped plough groove type cross section.
The method can be guaranteed both quality and quantity and be completed efficiently the construction of retaining wall.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the partial schematic diagram at retaining wall variable cross-section of the present invention place;
Fig. 3 (a～d) shows that depth-width ratio is for the impact of flexible retaining wall horizontal distortion feature;
Fig. 4 (a～d) shows that the gradient is for the impact of flexible retaining wall horizontal distortion feature;
The preloading of Fig. 5 (a～b) display surface is for the impact of flexible retaining wall horizontal distortion feature;
Fig. 6 (a～e) is the wall-retaining structure schematic diagram of bar strip diverse location, and the wall-retaining structure of carrying on the back bar strip diverse location for wall has carried out finite element analysis computation, has adopted the computation model of the barricade of different bar strips position; Wherein:
Fig. 6 (a) is bottom reinforcement;
Fig. 6 (b) is
h/ 3 place's reinforcements (H represents retaining wall height,
h/ 3 represent 1/3 of retaining wall height, lower same);
Fig. 6 (c) is
h/ 2 place's reinforcements;
Fig. 6 (d) is
h/ 2 place's reinforcements;
Fig. 6 (e) is
hplace's reinforcement;
The safety factor of barricade when Fig. 7 is bar strip diverse location;
Fig. 8 (a～h) is the computation model of the different reinforcement number of plies, has shown that the position of reinforced bands and spacing are for the impact of the safety factor of barricade; Wherein:
Fig. 8 (a) is without reinforcement;
Fig. 8 (b) is middle part one deck reinforcement;
Fig. 8 (c) is the two-layer reinforcement in middle and upper part (bar strip is respectively H/2 and 3H/4 apart from barricade bottom);
Fig. 8 (d) is three layers of middle and upper parts reinforcement (bar strip is respectively H/2,3H/4 and H apart from barricade bottom);
Fig. 8 (e) is the two-layer reinforcement in middle and lower part (bar strip is respectively H/3 and H/2 apart from barricade bottom);
Fig. 8 (f) be three layers of middle and lower parts reinforcement (bar strip apart from barricade bottom be respectively 0, H/3 and H/2);
Fig. 8 (g) is three layers of middle and lower parts reinforcement (bar strip is respectively 2H/25, H/3 and H/2 apart from barricade bottom);
Fig. 8 (h) is three layers of middle and lower parts reinforcement (bar strip is respectively H/5, H/3 and H/2 apart from barricade bottom);
Fig. 9 shows that the different reinforcement number of plies is for the impact of safety factor;
Computation model schematic diagram in the geotechnological lattice retaining wall structure that Figure 10 (a～c) is variable cross-section provided by the present invention during bar strip diverse location; Wherein:
The height of the positional distance barricade bottom that Figure 10 (a) is bar strip is respectively H/3, H/2,3H/4 and 7H/8;
The height of the positional distance barricade bottom that Figure 10 (b) is bar strip is respectively H/3, H/2,2H/3 and 7H/8;
The height of the positional distance barricade bottom that Figure 10 (c) is bar strip is respectively H/3, H/2,2H/3 and 3H/4;
Figure 11 has shown the impact of bar strip thickness (distance that horizontal direction is extended to retaining wall inner side) on safety factor.
In figure: 1, basal layer, 2, rigid layer, 3, bottom gravel drainage blanket, 4, fill stratum, 5, gravel drainage blanket, 6, elongated bar strip, 7, bar strip, 8 narrow bar strips, 9, retaining wall top.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described further.
A kind of geotechnical grid retaining wall as shown in Figure 1, 2, its basal layer 1 is stirred and is formed by cement and sand gravel, wherein the content of cement is 20%, and the content of sand gravel is 80%, and the diameter of sand is 0.5～2mm, the diameter of grit stone is 2～50mm, use length 1.5m, the reinforcing bar of diameter 12mm is followed closely as underpin, along basal layer length direction, every 2m, arranges one, along retaining wall thickness direction, every 1m, arrange one, squeeze into basal layer and play reinforcement effect, on basal layer 1, lay geotechnical grid, here the geotechnical grid adopting is of a size of height 20cm, welding torch 80cm, in geotechnical grid, fill out cement-sandy gravel and form rigid layer 2, it is identical that its cement-sandy gravel is used with basal layer 1, on rigid layer 2, lay geotechnical grid, in geotechnical grid, back-up sand gravel forms bottom gravel drainage blanket 3, on bottom gravel drainage blanket 3, upwards lay successively fill stratum 4, in the geotechnical grid of fill stratum 4, banket and compacting, need to meet design degree of compaction, degree of compaction is relevant with the type of specifically banketing, take and be not less than 0.90 as best, from rigid layer 2, start every increase one deck geotechnical grid receding certain distance, until retaining wall top 9, formation is less than the gradient of 1:0.25, every one deck geotechnical grid is connected with the neighbouring Bar Anchorage of length 50cm, diameter 12mm for geotechnical grid, retaining wall the first half fill stratum 4 thickness are half of the latter half fill stratum 4 thickness, in order to prevent that at the variable cross-section place of retaining wall the first half and the latter half, stress occurring concentrates, at variable cross-section place, (1/2 place that wall is high) laid a bar strip 7, in the geotechnical grid of this bar strip 7, fill out cement-sandy gravel, half that its thickness is wall height, in order to increase the strength and stiffness of this place's bar strip 7, on this bar strip 7, lay a narrow bar strip 8, in the geotechnical grid of this narrow bar strip 8, fill out cement-sandy gravel, wherein aspect ratio bar strip 7 geotechnical grids of the geotechnical grid of narrow bar strip 8 are wanted high 5cm.
In the geotechnical grid of fill stratum 4, banket and compacting, from rigid layer 2, start every increase one deck geotechnical grid receding certain distance, until retaining wall top 9 forms the gradient for being less than 1:0.25.By the data as shown in Fig. 3 (a～d), Fig. 4 (a～d) and Fig. 5 (a～b), see, this gradient scope is comparatively desirable.
At retaining wall height, 3/4,7/8 place is respectively arranged with bar strip 7, in the geotechnical grid of bar strip 7, fills out cement-sandy gravel, and its thickness is half of retaining wall height, can further strengthen the intensity of retaining wall the first half.
At wall height 1/3 place, be equipped with elongated bar strip 6, in the geotechnical grid of elongated bar strip 6, fill out cement-sandy gravel, its thickness is that half of retaining wall height is to whole retaining wall height.As shown in Fig. 3 (a～d), by theory, calculate proof, at 1/3 place of wall height, lay elongated bar strip 6 and can strengthen itself and the frictional force of upper and lower fill stratum 4, reduce the horizontal displacement of retaining wall, increase the stability of retaining wall, improve the safety factor of retaining wall.As shown in figure 11, in figure, shown the bar strip thickness (distance that horizontal direction is extended to retaining wall inner side, by the ratio with retaining wall height, can draw) impact on safety factor, in figure, show that the ratio when bar strip thickness and retaining wall height is 1.0, that is to say that safety factor is the highest when bar strip thickness and retaining wall height equal.
At bottom gravel drainage blanket 3, up every 2m, lay one deck gravel drainage blanket 5, gravel drainage blanket 5 is identical with bottom gravel drainage blanket 3.
Retaining wall top 9 adopts sixteen dirt to fill, and its cross section is U-shaped groove structure, is convenient to rainwater and gets rid of rapidly, prevents from down oozing, as the waterproof measure of retaining wall.
The concrete steps of job practices of the present invention are as follows:
1, according to design drawing, carry out unwrapping wire, excavation, mechanical equivalent of light excavation stops when apart from substrate design absolute altitude 20～30cm excavating, and with labor cleaning, to design altitude, with vibrating roller, rolls; Relevant provision in its criterion referenced < < Highway Roadbed Construction Technology standard > > is carried out.Bearing capacity of foundation soil is carried out to on-the-spot test, should meet the requirement of bearing capacity of foundation soil.
2, making basal layer; Basal layer is stirred and is formed by cement and sand gravel, wherein the content of cement is 20%, the content of sand gravel is 80%, the diameter of sand is 0.5～2mm, and the diameter of gravel is 2～50mm, uses length 1.5m, the reinforcing bar of diameter 12mm is followed closely as underpin, along foundation length direction, every 2m, arrange one, barricade thickness direction is arranged one every 1m, squeezes into basis and plays reinforcement effect.
3, making rigid layer; After basal layer has been constructed, on basal layer, open geotechnical grid, by length, be 50cm, diameter is that the reinforcing bar of 12mm prolongs retaining wall length direction every one of 2m layout, along retaining wall thickness direction, every 1m, arrange one, with reinforcing bar, geotechnical grid is opened fixingly, inside fill out cement-sandy gravel, cement-sandy gravel is identical with basal layer.
4, making bottom gravel drainage blanket; On rigid layer, open geotechnical grid, interior back-up sand gravel, as wall body drainage blanket.
5, making fill stratum; On the gravel drainage blanket of bottom, lay geotechnical grid, with loader, banket, loader to starting down soil, is aided with artificial leveling by importer simultaneously; On the lattice chamber that loader bankets after leveling, walk, to this layer, banket forward successively complete, forbid loader to roll, destroy geotechnical grid; Carry out in time degree of compaction and planeness and detect, degree of compaction is greater than design load, and planeness is less than 2.0cm.Geotechnical grid filler requires even particle size, and maximum particle diameter must not be greater than 10cm; , large roller near apart from panel is difficult for close position and rams compacting with small vibrating.Making second layer fill stratum on the complete bottom first floor fill stratum of making, on second layer fill stratum, the 3rd layer of fill stratum of making is until retaining wall top, often upwards increase one deck geotechnical grid receding certain distance, formation is less than the gradient of 1:0.25, after every layer of geotechnical grid opens and bankets, all adopt length 50cm, the Bar Anchorage of diameter 12mm connects, in order to strengthen the globality of retaining wall.Making is during to retaining wall height 1/2 place, and upwards the retaining wall thickness of making is half of retaining wall the latter half thickness.
6, making gravel drainage blanket; To bottom gravel drainage blanket upwards every 2m making one deck gravel drainage blanket.
7, the elongated bar strip of making; On the fill stratum at retaining wall height 1/3 place, lay geotechnical grid, inside fill out cement-sandy gravel, the height 1/2～1 that the thickness of elongated bar strip is whole retaining wall.
8, making bar strip and narrow bar strip; At 1/2,3/4,7/8 place's difference making bar strip of retaining wall height, filling concrete sand gravel in the geotechnical grid of bar strip, the thickness of bar strip is half of retaining wall height.The narrow bar strip of making on the bar strip at 1/2 place of retaining wall height, filling concrete sand gravel in the geotechnical grid of narrow bar strip, its geotechnical grid adopts 25cm
9, making retaining wall top; Retaining wall top adopts sixteen dirt to fill, and makes U-shaped plough groove type cross section.
the advantage of the geotechnological lattice retaining wall of variable cross-section provided by the present invention:
(1) remarkable in economical benefits, the geotechnical grid barricade of 10 meters high, 100 meters long of take is example, a kind of employing traditional structure, barricade thickness is 4 meters, at the bottom of the positional distance wall of bar strip, is respectively
h/ 5,2
h/ 5,3
h/ 5 and 4
h/ 5(
hfor wall high), the thickness of bar strip is respectively 5 meters, 5 meters, 4 meters and 4 meters, needs altogether geotechnical grid 22920
m 2, need altogether totally 1375 of 60cm length, Φ 12mm connecting reinforcements; A new structure, the barricade thickness that bottom is 5 meters is 4 meters, the barricade thickness that top is 5 meters is 2 meters, at the bottom of the positional distance wall of bar strip, is respectively
h/ 3,
h/ 2,3
h/ 4 and 7
h/ 8, bar strip thickness is identical with traditional structure, needs altogether geotechnical grid 18640
m 2, needing altogether that 60cm is long, totally 825 of Φ 12mm connecting reinforcements, geotechnical grid saves approximately 19%, and reinforcing bar saves approximately 40%, if the barricade thickness of 5 meters of new structure bottoms is 4 meters, the barricade thickness that top is 5 meters is 3 meters, needs altogether geotechnical grid 21140
m 2, geotechnical grid still saves approximately 8%, and reinforcing bar saves approximately 20%; In addition, due to the geotechnical grid of new structure, to fill Area Ratio traditional structure little, and little owing to inserting the workload of reinforcing bar, so saved labour, reduced labour intensity, and shortened the duration.
(2) impact of reinforcement position: due at barricade
h/ 3 places are provided with bar strip, for the wall-retaining structure of bar strip is set in other positions, safety factor increases, applicant has carried out finite element analysis computation for the wall-retaining structure of wall back of the body bar strip diverse location, the computation model of the barricade of different bar strips position is as shown in Fig. 6 (a～e), and with the variation of bar strip position as shown in Figure 7, in figure, d represents the position of bar strip and the distance at the bottom of wall to the safety factor of barricade, as seen from the figure, when the positional distance barricade bottom of bar strip
h/ 3 o'clock, the safety factor of barricade was the highest, as can be seen here, and bottom barricade
h/ 3 places arrange the frictional force that bar strip has been strengthened elongated bar strip and the levels soil body, can reduce the horizontal displacement of retaining wall, have strengthened the stability of retaining wall integral body, have improved its safety factor, and wall-retaining structure is more reasonable.
(3) the present invention by retaining wall upper and lower variable cross-section place and intersection bar strip and narrow bar strip are set, prevented that variable cross-section place stress from concentrating the destruction that retaining walls body is caused.
(4) at 3/4,7/8 etc. of retaining wall height, locate to arrange respectively bar strip, increased the strength and stability of retaining wall the first half.
A, the impact of layer number of bar, in order to study the position of reinforced bands and spacing for the impact of the safety factor of barricade, applicant has set up the model as (a) in Fig. 8 (a～h)～(f), the safety factor that different condition calculating obtain has been listed table 1 in, known by the analysis to result of calculation, at layer number of bar with in the situation that equal in length, the safety factor of middle and lower part reinforced structure is far above the safety factor of middle and upper part reinforced structure, its safety factor of structure that bar strip is set at H/3 and H/2 place bottom barricade is respectively higher, safety factor during with the three layers of reinforcement in barricade middle and lower part is more or less the same, therefore suggestion is arranging bar strip apart from barricade bottom H/3 and H/2 place.Fig. 9 is that the different reinforcement number of plies is for the impact of safety factor.
The number of plies of table 1 bar strip is for the impact of barricade safety factor
| Design condition | Safety factor |
| (a) | 1.671 |
| (b) | 1.689 |
| (c) | 1.69 |
| (d) | 1.69 |
| (e) | 1.733 |
| (f) | 1.729 |
| (g) | 1.736 |
| (h) | 1.732 |
B, the impact of the position of many bar strips on barricade safety factor: in order to study different bar strip positions for the impact of the safety factor of barricade, set up as in Figure 10 (a～c) (a), (b) finite element analysis model and (c), result of calculation shows, (a) safety factor under operating mode is the highest, the result of calculation of different operating modes is as shown in table 2, known according to result of calculation, the rational position of bar strip is: the height apart from barricade bottom is respectively H/3, H/2, 3H/4 and 7H/8, as can be seen here, bar strip required for protection of the present invention position be through the result selected of optimization.
The position of table 2 bar strip is for the impact of barricade safety factor
| Design condition | Safety factor |
| (a) | 1.794 |
| (b) | 1.783 |
| (c) | 1.787 |
it should be noted that:
The geotechnological lattice retaining wall of variable cross-section provided by the present invention, not necessarily upper and lower respectively accounts for the height of half, can be divided into three sections or a plurality of, if but generally the height of barricade, in 12 meters, is normally divided into two sections.And upper half width half of next half width not necessarily, if in 10 meters, the width of conventionally going up half is half of next half width, if 12 meters, the width of conventionally going up half is 3/4 of next half width.
The length of elongated bar strip is not that must to equal wall high, and length approaches wall height and also can.The numerical value such as other ratios of mentioning in same the present embodiment are also interpreted as being set as its approximate number and also can realize, and the numerical value just explicitly pointing out is most preferred embodiment.
Claims (11)
1. a geotechnical grid retaining wall, on basal layer (1), be equipped with rigid layer (2), at the upper bottom gravel drainage blanket (3) of laying of rigid layer (2), on bottom gravel drainage blanket (3), upwards lay successively fill stratum (4), in described fill stratum (4), be equipped with at least one layer of gravel drainage blanket (5); From rigid layer (2), start every increase one deck geotechnical grid receding and form certain slope, until retaining wall top (9), every one deck geotechnical grid is connected with Bar Anchorage with neighbouring geotechnical grid, it is characterized in that: described retaining wall is set to variable section structure, more upwards sectional area is less, and retaining wall thickness is less.
2. geotechnical grid retaining wall according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described retaining wall is divided into the first half and the latter half, described the first half and the latter half respectively account for 1/2 of whole retaining wall height, and the thickness of described the first half is 1/2～3/4 of the latter half thickness.
3. geotechnical grid retaining wall according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: on described retaining wall, be provided with elongated bar strip (6), the height 1/2～1 that described elongated bar strip (6) thickness is whole retaining wall, described the first half is also provided with at least one bar strip (7), and the ratio of described bar strip (7) thickness and elongated bar strip (6) thickness equals the ratio of retaining wall the first half thickness and the latter half thickness.
4. geotechnical grid retaining wall according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described elongated bar strip (6) is arranged on wall height 1/3 place.
5. geotechnical grid retaining wall according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described bar strip (7) is separately positioned on 1/2,3/4 and 7/8 place of whole retaining wall height.
6. geotechnical grid retaining wall according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the variable cross-section intersection at described retaining wall is provided with narrow bar strip (8), described narrow bar strip (8) thickness is identical with the thickness of the fill stratum (4) of adjacent less thickness, and the thickness of aspect ratio fill stratum (4) exceeds 1/4.
7. geotechnical grid retaining wall according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the described gradient is for being less than 1:0.25.
8. geotechnical grid retaining wall according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: at bottom gravel drainage blanket (3), up every 2m, lay one deck gravel drainage blanket (5), gravel drainage blanket (5) is different from bottom gravel drainage blanket except thickness, and all the other structures are identical with bottom gravel drainage blanket (3).
9. geotechnical grid retaining wall according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described basal layer (1) is stirred and formed by cement and sand gravel, wherein the content of cement is 20%, and the content of sand gravel is 80%, and the diameter of sand is 0.5～2mm, the diameter of grit stone is 2～50mm, use length 1.5m, the reinforcing bar of diameter 12mm is followed closely as underpin, along basal layer (1) length direction, every 2m, arranges one, along retaining wall thickness direction, every 1m, arrange one, squeeze into basal layer (1); Described geotechnical grid is of a size of height 20cm, and welding torch 80cm fills out cement-sandy gravel and forms rigid layer (2) in geotechnical grid, and it is identical that its cement-sandy gravel is used with basal layer (1); At the upper geotechnical grid of laying of rigid layer (2), in geotechnical grid, back-up sand gravel forms described bottom gravel drainage blanket (3); The also compacting of banketing in geotechnical grid forms described fill stratum (4), and fill stratum (4) planeness is less than 2.0cm, and filler requires even particle size, and maximum particle diameter must not be greater than 10cm.
10. geotechnical grid retaining wall according to claim 1, is characterized in that: retaining wall top (9) adopt sixteen dirt to fill, and its cross section is U-shaped groove structure.
The job practices of 11. geotechnical grid retaining walls, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps as follows:
One, according to design drawing, carry out unwrapping wire, excavation, mechanical equivalent of light excavation stops when apart from substrate design absolute altitude 20～30cm excavating, and with labor cleaning, to design altitude, with vibrating roller, rolls; Relevant provision in its criterion referenced < < Highway Roadbed Construction Technology standard > > is carried out; Bearing capacity of foundation soil is carried out to on-the-spot test, should meet the requirement of bearing capacity of foundation soil;
Two, making basal layer; Basal layer is stirred and is formed by cement and sand gravel, wherein the content of cement is 20%, the content of sand gravel is 80%, the diameter of sand is 0.5～2mm, and the diameter of gravel is 2～50mm, uses length 1.5m, the reinforcing bar of diameter 12mm is followed closely as underpin, along foundation length direction, every 2m, arrange one, barricade thickness direction is arranged one every 1m, squeezes into basis and plays reinforcement effect;
Three, making rigid layer; After basal layer has been constructed, on basal layer, open geotechnical grid, by length, be 50cm, diameter is that the reinforcing bar of 12mm prolongs retaining wall length direction every one of 2m layout, along retaining wall thickness direction, every 1m, arrange one, with reinforcing bar, geotechnical grid is opened fixingly, inside fill out cement-sandy gravel, cement-sandy gravel is identical with basal layer;
Four, making bottom gravel drainage blanket; On rigid layer, open geotechnical grid, interior back-up sand gravel, as wall body drainage blanket;
Five, making fill stratum; On the gravel drainage blanket of bottom, lay geotechnical grid, with loader, banket, loader to starting down soil, is aided with artificial leveling by importer simultaneously; On the lattice chamber that loader bankets after leveling, walk, to this layer, banket forward successively complete, forbid loader to roll, destroy geotechnical grid; Carry out in time degree of compaction and planeness and detect, degree of compaction is greater than design load, and planeness is less than 2.0cm; Geotechnical grid filler requires even particle size, and maximum particle diameter must not be greater than 10cm; , large roller near apart from panel is difficult for close position and rams compacting with small vibrating; Making second layer fill stratum on the complete bottom first floor fill stratum of making, on second layer fill stratum, the 3rd layer of fill stratum of making is until retaining wall top, often upwards increase one deck geotechnical grid receding certain distance, formation is less than the gradient of 1:0.25, after every layer of geotechnical grid opens and bankets, all adopt length 50cm, the Bar Anchorage of diameter 12mm connects, in order to strengthen the globality of retaining wall; Making is during to retaining wall height 1/2 place, and upwards the retaining wall thickness of making is half of retaining wall the latter half thickness;
Six, making gravel drainage blanket; To bottom gravel drainage blanket upwards every 2m making one deck gravel drainage blanket;
Seven, the elongated bar strip of making; On the fill stratum at retaining wall height 1/3 place, lay geotechnical grid, inside fill out cement-sandy gravel, the height 1/2～1 that the thickness of elongated bar strip is whole retaining wall;
Eight, making bar strip and narrow bar strip; At 1/2,3/4,7/8 place's difference making bar strip of retaining wall height, filling concrete sand gravel in the geotechnical grid of bar strip, the thickness of bar strip is half of retaining wall height; The narrow bar strip of making on the bar strip at 1/2 place of retaining wall height, filling concrete sand gravel in the geotechnical grid of narrow bar strip, its geotechnical grid adopts 25cm;
Nine, making retaining wall top; Retaining wall top adopts sixteen dirt to fill, and makes U-shaped plough groove type cross section.
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| CN104674842A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-06-03 | 福建省建专岩土工程有限公司 | Solidified soil retaining wall and construction method thereof |
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| CN103572777B (en) | 2016-04-20 |
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