CN103572106B - Aluminum alloy materials - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of aluminum alloy materials, this aluminum alloy materials be mainly composed of Zn, Mg, Cu, Sc, Zr, Y and Al.The present invention is by Sc, Zr and Y micro alloying element adding trace compound in aluminium alloy, effectively improve mechanics and the welding performance of aluminum alloy materials, solve existing aluminum alloy materials pursue simply high intensity make welding performance poor or good welding performance and the low accessory size caused of intensity is thicker so that top load cannot meet and problem that lighting requires.The novel solderable high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy material good combination property that the present invention provides, preferably meets modern development in science and technology to aluminum alloy junction component top load and the requirement of lighting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of alloy preparation technology, in particular to a kind of aluminum alloy materials.
Background technology
High strength alumin ium alloy has that intensity is high, and plasticity is good, and solderability is good and the feature such as fine corrosion resistance, is widely used in
On the various structural members of aircraft and the high heavily stressed welding structural element of other requirement of strength, be current many dual-use aircrafts,
Indispensable important feature material in transport facility.Along with the space flight and aviation technology development raising day by day to material requirements,
It is higher that research worker is just putting forth effort mining inetesity, the high-strength weldable aluminum alloy of high comprehensive performance, at present for improving the height of welding
The combination property of strength aluminum alloy, mainly while pursuing material high intensity, reduces owing to intensity improves anti-stress corrosiveness
Energy, fracture toughness and fatigue strength etc. have undesirable effect.
Along with the requirement of high strength alumin ium alloy is improved by every profession and trade day by day, and propose top load, lighting, high-strength, high-ductility, height
A series of requirements such as modulus, good corrosion resisting property and welding performance, but high intensity, high-ductility are being pursued in current research simply
Property aluminium alloy time but ignore the welding performance improving material so that existing aluminum alloy materials or intensity are high and welding performance is poor
Or good welding performance but intensity is low, cause being partial in the size Selection of part aluminium alloy structure part that size is thicker and weldability
Can preferable material.Accessory size is thicker main by two aspect reasons: does not on the one hand reach owing to intensity is low and needs intensity,
Therefore required top load problem is solved by thickness；The most existing aluminium alloy is the most all to pursue high-intensity high-tenacity,
And seldom have on the basis of intensity and pay attention to welding performance, the therefore deficiency in terms of high-strength aluminum alloy welding so that aluminium alloy
Structural member to be partial to intensity in the choice low and have the material of preferable welding performance, thus the accessory size that can cause is thicker leads
Cause cannot meet aluminum alloy junction component top load and lighting requirement.
Therefore, at present in the urgent need to occurring that a kind of Novel light high-strength aluminum alloy materials with excellent welding performance is updated changing
Generation.
Summary of the invention
It is desirable to provide a kind of aluminum alloy materials, this aluminum alloy materials has preferable mechanics and welding performance concurrently simultaneously.
To achieve these goals, according to an aspect of the invention, it is provided a kind of aluminum alloy materials, this aluminum alloy materials
It is mainly composed of Zn, Mg, Cu, Sc, Zr, Y and Al.
Further, according to mass percent, aluminum alloy materials includes: Sc0.1～0.2%, Zr0.1～0.2% and Y0.15～
0.25%。
Further, according to mass percent, aluminum alloy materials includes following components: Zn7.5～9.0%, Mg1.5～3.0%,
Cu1.0～2.0%；Sc0.1～0.2%, Zr0.1～0.2%, Y0.15～0.25%, Si0～0.05%, Fe0～0.05%, impurity
≤ 0.15%, surplus is Al.
Further, according to mass percent, aluminum alloy materials includes following components: Zn8.0～9.0%, Mg2.0～2.8%,
Cu1.4～2.0%；Sc0.15～0.2%, Zr0.15～0.2%, Y0.15～0.20%, Si0.02～0.05%, Fe0.03～0.05%,
Impurity≤0.15%, surplus is Al.
Further, according to mass percent, aluminum alloy materials includes following components: Zn8.5%, Mg2.6%, Cu1.8%；
Sc0.2%, Zr0.18%, Y0.2%, Si0.04%, Fe0.04%, impurity≤0.15%, surplus is Al.
Further, according to mass percent, aluminum alloy materials also includes the Er of the 0.02% and Ce of 0.01%.
Further, the tensile strength of aluminum alloy materials is 610～720MPa, yield strength 580～700MPa, and elongation percentage is
8.6%～12%, welding coefficient is 0.74～0.87.
Application technical scheme, by Sc, Zr and Y micro alloying element adding trace compound in aluminium alloy, has
Effect ground improves mechanics and the welding performance of aluminum alloy materials, solves existing aluminum alloy materials and pursues high intensity simply and make to weld
Poor-performing or good welding performance and the low accessory size caused of intensity is thicker so that top load and lighting requirement cannot be met
Problem.The novel solderable high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy material good combination property that the present invention provides, preferably meets modern science and technology and sends out
Exhibition is to aluminum alloy junction component top load and the requirement of lighting.
Detailed description of the invention
It should be noted that in the case of not conflicting, the embodiment in the application and the feature in embodiment can be mutually combined.
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
In order to solve the problem that aluminum alloy materials of the prior art cannot meet high intensity and excellent welding performance has both, the present invention
Provide a kind of aluminum alloy materials, this aluminum alloy materials be mainly composed of Zn, Mg, Cu, Sc, Zr, Y and Al.
The application is exactly based in aluminium alloy compound Sc, Zr and Y micro alloying element adding trace, effectively improves aluminum
The mechanics of alloy material and welding performance, solve existing aluminum alloy materials pursue simply high intensity make welding performance poor or
Good welding performance and the low accessory size caused of intensity is thicker so that top load cannot meet and problem that lighting requires.This
The novel solderable high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy material good combination property of bright offer, preferably meets modern development in science and technology to aluminum alloy junction
Component top load and the requirement of lighting.
Concrete analysis, Sc has strong metamorphism, can refine the crystal grain of weld seam fusion zone, forms the biggest lattice strain, has
The movement of effect ground resistance stop bit mistake and growing up of crystal grain, suppress recrystallization, and then significantly reduce weld crack tendentiousness.Add Sc unit
Element can reduce owing to interpolation Cu element causes the hot cracking tendency in gold alloy solder termination process, hence it is evident that improves intensity and the weldability of alloy
Energy.Select Zr and Sc to be added simultaneously in aluminium alloy, be because Zr Yu Sc and there is complementary effect, so that tissue
Structure is more uniformly distributed, and then promotes its intensity and welding performance to a certain extent.
Concrete analysis, Zr can the lowest (up to 50%) be dissolved in Al3In Sc phase, and form Al3(Sc1-xZrx) phase, should
Its lattice types of phase factor, lattice parameter and A13Sc difference is the least, the most not only maintains A13Whole excellent properties of Sc, and
And gathering tendency compares A1 at high temperature heat3Sc phase is much smaller, Al3(Sc1-xZrx) phase formation largely ensure that strengthening effect
Fruit and suppression recrystallization effect.Al3(Sc1-xZrx) even if intermetallic compound is at 450 DEG C of high annealings, still without substantially growing up, and
Keep symbiosis and epibiosis with matrix, overcome general age-hardening type high temperature aluminium alloys coherence or half coherence when high temperature and balance phase in opposite directions
The shortcoming changed and lose coherence.Therefore, add Zr while adding Sc, on the one hand can improve the benefit performance of aluminium alloy, separately
On the one hand the addition of expensive Sc can also be reduced.Additionally Zr also has individually effect to aluminium alloy, and trace Zr can improve alloy
Intensity, fracture toughness and anti-stress corrosion performance, owing to its quenching sensitive is less, Zr can also put forward heavy alloyed quenching degree
And weldability.
Y has the performance similar with Sc, also causes the hot cracking tendency in gold alloy solder termination process to have improvement result, Y Cu element
Can also jointly act on improving the tensile strength of aluminium alloy, heat-resisting shatter-proof and resistance to corrosion with Zr, can be improved again it simultaneously
Electric conductivity improves weldability, without affecting the electric conductivity of aluminum alloy materials, thus improve significantly aluminium alloy intensity and
Welding performance, can play again certain effect purifying dehydrogenation, improve the organizational structure of aluminium alloy.Y Yu Al, Cu simultaneously
Deng the high melting compound of formation Dispersed precipitate, also improve heat stability and the thermostability of aluminum alloy materials.
If the lowest in view of the rare earth element content added, for the lifting of performance inconspicuous, along with the raising of content, its
Improvement for the combination property of material is the most progressively strengthened, but after the addition of rare earth element reaches certain value, too much adds
The rare earth element such as Sc, Zr and Y may be transformed into some impurity substances, grainiess is had adverse effect on, thus
The combination property making material does not rise anti-fall.Preferably, according to mass percent, aluminum alloy materials includes: Sc0.1～0.2%,
Zr0.1～0.2% and Y0.15～0.25%.As long as Sc, Zr and Y containing above-mentioned content just can promote in aluminum alloy materials
The combination property of aluminum alloy materials.
Preferably, according to mass percent, aluminum alloy materials includes following components: Zn7.5～9.0%, Mg1.5～3.0%,
Cu1.0～2.0%；Sc0.1～0.2%, Zr0.1～0.2%, Y0.15～0.25%, Si0～0.05%, Fe0～0.05%, impurity
≤ 0.15%, surplus is Al.
As when the mass content of the Zr element added is less than 0.2%, the interpolation of Zr element can improve the intensity of material, fracture
Toughness and anti-stress corrosion performance, and along with the rising of Zr content, the lifting of material property also can be increased by it, but work as
When Zr content is more than 0.2%, ingot casting will form a thick para-crystal metallic compound (A13Zr), alloy is moulded by this compound
Property and other performances relevant with this have adverse effect, therefore consider, and Zr content is controlled below 0.2% by the present invention.With
Time, the addition of Zr has also been limited in the comprehensive function of Zr Yu Sc, because the ratio of Zr Yu Sc is limited in certain scope,
Be preferably 1:1 quality than addition time there is preferably effect, the most both will not waste Zr and also will not add Sc more.Therefore, originally
Invention through considering, the addition of micro alloying element Sc, Y and Zr is limited within the above range and with other component phases
Coordinate mutually, effectively improve the balance of mechanical strength and welding performance, solve existing aluminum alloy materials because of welding performance difference or
The low accessory size caused of intensity is thicker so that top load cannot meet and problem that lighting requires.
It is further preferred that according to mass percent, aluminum alloy materials include following components: Zn8.0～9.0%, Mg2.0～
2.8%, Cu1.4～2.0%；Sc0.15～0.2%, Zr0.15～0.2%, Y0.15～0.20%, Si0.02～0.05%, Fe
0.03～0.05%, impurity≤0.15%, surplus is Al.Most preferably, according to mass percent, aluminum alloy materials includes following
Component: Zn8.5%, Mg2.6%, Cu1.8%；Sc0.2%, Zr0.18%, Y0.2%, Si0.04%, Fe0.04% are miscellaneous
Matter≤0.15%, surplus is Al.
In addition to the components described above, according to mass percent, aluminum alloy materials also includes the Er of the 0.02% and Ce of 0.01%.Er
The effect purifying melt can be played with Ce, the impurity content in melt can be reduced by the interpolation of Er Yu Ce, refine simultaneously
Organizational structure.Er to Sc has similar effect simultaneously, additionally it is possible to improve the mechanical property of aluminum alloy materials to a certain extent.
According to a further aspect in the invention, additionally providing a kind of aluminium alloy part, this aluminium alloy part is closed by the aluminum of any of the above-described kind
Gold copper-base alloy is prepared from.Using the aluminium alloy part that above-mentioned formula makes, its microscopic structure is uniform, stable performance.After testing,
The tensile strength of aluminum alloy materials prepared by the present invention is 625～704MPa, yield strength 550～688MPa, and elongation percentage is
7.5%～13.6%, welding coefficient is 0.62～0.85, it is seen then that obtained the high-strength height with excellent welding performance after rare earth modified
Tough aluminum alloy materials.
It is that conventional method, substantially step include that the present invention prepares the method for aluminum alloy materials: get the raw materials ready, dispensing, melting, ingot casting,
Quenching, homogenization heat treatment afterwards, large deformation processes and fixation rates, last shape than hot extrusion/hot rolling, following process
Become the rare earth modified solderable high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy material of different size.
The present invention is by adding the micro alloying elements such as Sc, Zr and Y of trace, and passes through the strengthened solution+RRA optimized
After three-step aging processes, solve the contradictory relation between intensity of aluminum alloy, anti-corrosion and welding performance to a certain extent, thus have
Effect improves the intensity of aluminium alloy, relevant corrosion resisting property and welding performance so that the intensity of high strength alumin ium alloy is further enhanced,
Solving existing high strength alumin ium alloy causes accessory size thicker because welding performance is poor or intensity is low, it is impossible to meet top load and lighting
The problem required.Can be used for the structural detail in the fields such as Aero-Space, nuclear industry, transportation, mechano-electronic, weapons.
Beneficial effects of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiment and comparative example.
Embodiment 1 to 6 and comparative example 1 and the raw material of comparative example 2 and composition and ratio are specifically shown in Table 1, wherein Zn, Mg and Cu
Purity be 99-99.9%, Sc, Zr, Y all use the form of intermediate alloy to add, Sc use Al-2%Sc, Zr use Al-40%Zr,
Y uses Al-10%Y.Al is general industry aluminum and inevitable impurity.
Aluminium alloy ingots is prepared, through hot extrusion with roll out sample size according to the raw material in table 1 and proportioning and common process
For 12.26mm × 4.27mm, thickness is the sheet material of 5mm, then tests according to GB/T228-2010, main performance index number
According to being shown in Table 2.
Table 1
Table 2
| Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Elongation percentage (%) | Welding coefficient | |
| Embodiment 1 | 710 | 678 | 10.2 | 0.87 |
| Embodiment 2 | 675 | 620 | 9 | 0.83 |
| Embodiment 3 | 665 | 610 | 9.5 | 0.79 |
| Embodiment 4 | 645 | 610 | 9.8 | 0.79 |
| Embodiment 5 | 630 | 590 | 10 | 0.75 |
| Embodiment 6 | 610 | 580 | 8.6 | 0.74 |
| Comparative example 1 | 600 | 585 | 9 | 0.78 |
| Comparative example 2 | 625 | 555 | 8.0 | 0.65 |
From table 1 it follows that the aluminum alloy materials using technical scheme to prepare has the tensile strength of excellence and bends
Taking intensity, its welding performance is also greatly improved.Compared with Example 6, Zr and the Y content in comparative example 1 is close
In the case of, owing to the Cu content in aluminum alloy materials in comparative example 1 is of a relatively high, cause its elongation percentage to increase.
Under normal circumstances, elongation percentage is inversely proportional to intensity, i.e. intensity more high-elongation is the lowest, but along with rare earth unit in the application
The addition of element, can improve its structure organization so that it is elongation percentage changes, but too much the interpolation of rare earth element can cause excess
Rare earth element is changed into impurity, thus reduces the combination property of aluminum alloy materials, also reduces its elongation percentage.
Embodiment 7～9
In order to further illustrate beneficial effects of the present invention, according to alloying component: Zn(8.5%), Mg(2.6%), Cu(1.5%),
Sc(0.15%), Zr(0.15%), Y(0.15%) and, Si0.04%, Fe0.03, other total impurities≤0.15%, surplus is
Al, hot extrusion and roll out the sheet material of different-thickness, then test according to GB/T228-2010, main performance index such as table 3 below
Shown in.Wherein the purity of Zn, Mg and Cu is 99-99.9%, and Sc, Zr, Y all use the form of intermediate alloy to add, Sc
Al-2%Sc, Zr is used to use Al-40%Zr, Y to use Al-10%Y.Al is general industry aluminum and inevitable impurity.
Table 3
From table 3 it is observed that along with the thickness of plate rolling is more and more thinner, operation of rolling deformation quantitative change is big so that crystal grain is tied
Structure refines further, and after heat treatment, the dispersion-strengthened effect of rare earth will have raising further, and its combination property aspect has
Slightly promote.Visible, use the alloy compositions of technical solution of the present invention to obtain relatively high-tensile, yield strength, excellence are prolonged
Stretch the aluminum alloy materials of rate and welding coefficient, illustrate that using the aluminum alloy materials of technical solution of the present invention can effectively improve aluminum closes
The mechanics of gold copper-base alloy and welding performance.
Embodiment 10～12
According to alloying component: Zn(8.6%), Mg(2.6%), Cu(2.0%) and, Sc(0.2%), Zr(0.15%) and, Y(0.2%),
Si0.04%, Fe0.03, other total impurities≤0.15%, surplus is Al, hot extrusion and roll out the bar of different-diameter, so
After according to GB/T228-2010 test, main performance index is as shown in table 4 below.Wherein the purity of Zn, Mg and Cu is 99-99.9%,
Sc, Zr, Y all use the form of intermediate alloy to add, and Sc uses Al-2%Sc, Zr to use Al-40%Zr, Y to use Al-10%Y.
Al is general industry aluminum and inevitable impurity.
Table 4
As can be seen from Table 4, along with the diameter of bar is more and more less, operation of rolling deformation quantitative change is big so that grainiess is entered
Step refining, after heat treatment, the dispersion-strengthened effect of rare earth will have raising further, and its combination property aspect has slightly
Promote.Visible, use the alloy compositions of technical solution of the present invention to obtain relatively high-tensile, yield strength, excellent elongation percentage
With the aluminum alloy materials of welding coefficient, illustrate that the aluminum alloy materials using technical solution of the present invention can improve aluminium alloy material effectively
The mechanics of material and welding performance.
As can be seen from the above description, by Sc, Zr and Y micro alloying element adding trace compound in aluminium alloy,
Effectively improve mechanics and the welding performance of aluminum alloy materials, solve existing aluminum alloy materials pursue simply high intensity make weldering
Connect poor-performing or good welding performance and the low accessory size caused of intensity is thicker so that top load cannot be met and lighting is wanted
The problem asked.The novel solderable high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy material good combination property that the present invention provides, preferably meets modern science and technology
Development is to aluminum alloy junction component top load and the requirement of lighting.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for those skilled in the art
For, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any amendment of being made, etc.
With replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. an aluminum alloy materials, it is characterised in that described aluminum alloy materials be mainly composed of Zn, Mg, Cu, Sc, Zr, Y
And Al, and according to mass percent, described aluminum alloy materials includes following components:
Zn 7.5～9.0%, Mg 1.5～3.0%, Cu 1.0～2.0%；Sc 0.1～0.2%, Zr 0.1～0.2%, Y 0.15～
0.25%, Si 0～0.05%, Fe 0～0.05%, Er 0.02%, Ce 0.01%, impurity≤0.15%, surplus is Al.
Aluminum alloy materials the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that according to mass percent, described aluminum alloy materials
Including following components:
Zn 8.0～9.0%, Mg 2.0～2.8%, Cu 1.4～2.0%；Sc 0.15～0.2%, Zr 0.15～0.2%, Y 0.15～
0.20%, Si 0.02～0.05%, Fe 0.03～0.05%, Er 0.02%, Ce 0.01%, impurity≤0.15%, surplus is Al.
Aluminum alloy materials the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that according to mass percent, described aluminum alloy materials
Including following components:
Zn 8.5%, Mg 2.6%, Cu 1.8%；Sc 0.2%, Zr 0.18%, Y 0.2%, Si 0.04%, Fe 0.04%,
Er 0.02%, Ce 0.01%, impurity≤0.15%, surplus is Al.
Aluminum alloy materials the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the tensile strength of described aluminum alloy materials is
610～720MPa, yield strength 580～700MPa, elongation percentage is 8.6%～12%, and welding coefficient is 0.74～0.87.
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| CN109161743A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-08 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of corrosion-proof rare earth micro alloyed aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106399781B (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-03-16 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of high-strength corrosion-resisting rare earth aluminum alloy material and preparation method |
| CN106834814B (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2019-01-29 | 中南大学 | A kind of aluminium alloy conductor that high conductivity and heat heat resistance is anti-corrosion and preparation process and application |
| CN108468003A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-08-31 | 益阳仪纬科技有限公司 | A kind of aluminium alloy and its casting method |
| CN111004949B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-02-02 | 佛山市三水凤铝铝业有限公司 | Aluminum alloy casting method |
| CN111996425B (en) * | 2020-08-30 | 2021-11-30 | 中南大学 | High-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| FR2838135B1 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2005-01-28 | Pechiney Rhenalu | CORROSIVE ALLOY PRODUCTS A1-Zn-Mg-Cu WITH VERY HIGH MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE ELEMENTS |
| US8778099B2 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2014-07-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Conversion process for heat treatable L12 aluminum alloys |
| US9611522B2 (en) * | 2009-05-06 | 2017-04-04 | United Technologies Corporation | Spray deposition of L12 aluminum alloys |
| CN102796976B (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2014-05-28 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Staged homogenization heat treatment method for improving microstructure and performances of Zr-containing 7xxx aluminum alloy |
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