CN103572106A - Aluminum alloy material - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103572106A CN103572106A CN201310594713.0A CN201310594713A CN103572106A CN 103572106 A CN103572106 A CN 103572106A CN 201310594713 A CN201310594713 A CN 201310594713A CN 103572106 A CN103572106 A CN 103572106A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy material which comprises the following main components: Zn, Mg, Cu, Sc, Zr, Y and Al. According to the invention, a trace amount of microalloyed elements Sc, Zr and Y are added into aluminum alloy in a compounded manner, so that the mechanical and welding performance of the aluminum alloy material is improved and the problems that the requirements for high load and light weight cannot be met due to thicker parts caused by relatively poor welding performance due to blind pursuit of high strength or low strength due to blind pursuit of good welding performance in an existing aluminum alloy material are solved. The novel weldable high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material provided by the invention is good in comprehensive performance and better meets the requirements of modern science and technology development for high load and light weight of aluminum alloy structure members.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to alloy preparing technical field, in particular to a kind of aluminum alloy materials.
Background technology
It is high that high strength alumin ium alloy has intensity, plasticity is good, the features such as the good and fine corrosion resistance of weldability, being widely used on heavily stressed welding structural element that the various structural parts of aircraft and other requirement of strength are high, is indispensable important feature material in many dual-use aircrafts, transport facility at present.Along with the day by day raising of space flight and aviation technical development to material requirements, it is higher that researchist is just putting forth effort mining inetesity, the high-strength weldable aluminum alloy of high comprehensive performance, at present for improving the over-all properties of the high strength alumin ium alloy of welding use, be mainly to pursue the high-intensity while of material, reduce because intensity improves anti-stress corrosion performance, fracture toughness property and fatigue strength etc. are caused to detrimentally affect.
Along with every profession and trade improves day by day to the requirement of high strength alumin ium alloy, and a series of requirements such as high-load, lighting, high-strength, high-ductility, high-modulus, good corrosion resisting property and welding property have been proposed, but the welding property that improves material has but been ignored in current research when pursuing simply high strength, high toughness Al-alloy, make existing aluminum alloy materials or intensity is high and welding property is poor or good welding performance but intensity is low, cause being partial in the size Selection of part aluminium alloy structure part the thicker and good material of welding property of size.Accessory size is thicker mainly by two reasons: because intensity is low, does not reach and need intensity on the one hand, therefore by thickness, solve required high-load problem; Existing aluminium alloy is all to pursue high-intensity high-tenacity mostly on the other hand, and seldom have, on intensity basis, pay attention to welding property, so deficiency aspect aldural welding, make the structural part of aluminium alloy can be partial in the choice intensity low and have the material of good welding property, thereby the accessory size that can cause is thicker, cause meeting aluminum alloy junction member high-load and lighting requirement.
Therefore, at present in the urgent need to occurring that a kind of novel light high-strength aluminum alloy material with excellent welding performance updates.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of aluminum alloy materials, and this aluminum alloy materials has good mechanics and welding property concurrently simultaneously.
To achieve these goals, according to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of aluminum alloy materials, the main component of this aluminum alloy materials is Zn, Mg, Cu, Sc, Zr, Y and Al.
Further, according to mass percent meter, aluminum alloy materials comprises: Sc0.1～0.2%, Zr0.1～0.2% and Y0.15～0.25%.
Further, according to mass percent meter, aluminum alloy materials comprises following component: Zn7.5～9.0%, Mg1.5～3.0%, Cu1.0～2.0%; Sc0.1～0.2%, Zr0.1～0.2%, Y0.15～0.25%, Si0～0.05%, Fe0～0.05%, impurity≤0.15%, surplus is Al.
Further, according to mass percent meter, aluminum alloy materials comprises following component: Zn8.0～9.0%, Mg2.0～2.8%, Cu1.4～2.0%; Sc0.15～0.2%, Zr0.15～0.2%, Y0.15～0.20%, Si0.02～0.05%, Fe0.03～0.05%, impurity≤0.15%, surplus is Al.
Further, according to mass percent meter, aluminum alloy materials comprises following component: Zn8.5%, Mg2.6%, Cu1.8%; Sc0.2%, Zr0.18%, Y0.2%, Si0.04%, Fe0.04%, impurity≤0.15%, surplus is Al.
Further, according to mass percent meter, aluminum alloy materials also comprises 0.02% Er and 0.01% Ce.
Further, the tensile strength of aluminum alloy materials is 610～720MPa, yield strength 580～700MPa, and unit elongation is 8.6%～12%, welding coefficient is 0.74～0.87.
Apply technical scheme of the present invention, by Sc, Zr and the Y micro alloying element of compound interpolation trace in aluminium alloy, effectively improved mechanics and the welding property of aluminum alloy materials, solved existing aluminum alloy materials and pursued simply high strength and make the poor or good welding performance of welding property cannot meet and the low accessory size causing of intensity is thicker the problem that high-load and lighting require.The novel high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy material good combination property that welds provided by the invention, has met the requirement of modern development in science and technology to aluminum alloy junction member high-load and lighting preferably.
Embodiment
It should be noted that, in the situation that not conflicting, embodiment and the feature in embodiment in the application can combine mutually.Below in conjunction with embodiment, describe the present invention in detail.
In order to solve aluminum alloy materials of the prior art, cannot meet the problem that high strength and excellent welding performance have both, the invention provides a kind of aluminum alloy materials, the main component of this aluminum alloy materials is Zn, Mg, Cu, Sc, Zr, Y and Al.
The application is just by Sc, Zr and the Y micro alloying element of compound interpolation trace in aluminium alloy, effectively improved mechanics and the welding property of aluminum alloy materials, solved existing aluminum alloy materials and pursued simply high strength and make the poor or good welding performance of welding property cannot meet and the low accessory size causing of intensity is thicker the problem that high-load and lighting require.The novel high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy material good combination property that welds provided by the invention, has met the requirement of modern development in science and technology to aluminum alloy junction member high-load and lighting preferably.
Concrete analysis, Sc has strong metamorphism, and the crystal grain of energy refinement weld seam melting area, forms very large lattice strain, effectively stops the movement of dislocation and growing up of crystal grain, suppresses recrystallize, and then significantly reduces welding crack proneness.Add Sc element and can reduce because interpolation Cu element causes the hot cracking tendency in gold alloy solder termination process, obviously improve intensity and the welding property of alloy.Select Zr and Sc to join in aluminium alloy simultaneously, be because Zr and Sc have complementary effect, thereby make weave construction more even, and then promote to a certain extent its intensity and welding property.
Concrete analysis, Zr is the low Al that is dissolved in largely (up to 50%)
3sc mutually in, and form Al
3(Sc1-xZr
x) phase, its lattice types of this phase factor, lattice parameter and A1
3it is very little that Sc differs, and therefore not only kept A1
3whole excellent properties of Sc, and under heat, assemble tendency and compare A1
3sc is mutually much smaller, Al
3(Sc1-xZr
x) formation of phase guaranteed to a great extent strengthening effect and suppressed recrystallize effect.Al
3(Sc1-xZr
x) even intermetallic compound is at 450 ℃ of high temperature annealings, still without obviously growing up, and keeps coherence relation with matrix, overcome general age hardening type high temperature aluminium alloys when high temperature coherence or half coherence in opposite directions equilibrium phase change and lose the shortcoming of coherence.Therefore, when adding Sc, add Zr, can improve on the one hand the useful performance of aluminium alloy, can also reduce on the other hand the add-on of expensive Sc.Zr also has independent effect to aluminium alloy in addition, and micro-Zr can carry heavy alloyed intensity, fracture toughness property and anti-stress corrosion performance, and because its quenching sensitive is less, Zr can also put forward heavy alloyed hardening capacity and weldability.
Y has the similar performance with Sc, also to Cu element, cause the hot cracking tendency in gold alloy solder termination process to be improved effect, Y also can be with Zr acting in conjunction to improve the tensile strength of aluminium alloy, heat-resisting shatter-proof and resistance to corrosion, can improve again its conductivity and improve weldability simultaneously, and can not affect the conductivity of aluminum alloy materials, thereby improve significantly intensity and the welding property of aluminium alloy, can play again the effect of certain purification dehydrogenation, improve the weave construction of aluminium alloy.Y and Al, Cu etc. form the high melting compound that disperse distributes simultaneously, have also promoted thermostability and the thermotolerance of aluminum alloy materials.
Consider if the ree content adding is too low, lifting for performance is also not obvious, raising along with content, its improvement for the over-all properties of material is also progressively strengthened, but when the addition of rare earth element reaches after certain value, the rare earth elements such as Sc, the Zr too much adding and Y may be transformed into some impurity substances, crystalline-granular texture is produced to adverse influence, thereby make the over-all properties of material not rise counter falling.Preferably, according to mass percent meter, aluminum alloy materials comprises: Sc0.1～0.2%, Zr0.1～0.2% and Y0.15～0.25%.As long as Sc, the Zr and the Y that contain above-mentioned content in aluminum alloy materials just can promote the over-all properties of aluminum alloy materials.
Preferably, according to mass percent meter, aluminum alloy materials comprises following component: Zn7.5～9.0%, Mg1.5～3.0%, Cu1.0～2.0%; Sc0.1～0.2%, Zr0.1～0.2%, Y0.15～0.25%, Si0～0.05%, Fe0～0.05%, impurity≤0.15%, surplus is Al.
If the mass content of the Zr element when adding is lower than 0.2% time, the interpolation of Zr element can improve intensity, fracture toughness property and the anti-stress corrosion performance of material, and the rising along with Zr content, it also can increase to the lifting of material property, but when Zr content surpasses 0.2%, in ingot casting, will form a thick para-crystal metallic compound (A1
3zr), the plasticity of this compound alloy and therewith relevant other performances have disadvantageous effect, therefore consider, the present invention is controlled at Zr content below 0.2%.Meanwhile, the add-on of Zr has also been limited in the comprehensive action of Zr and Sc, because the quality that the proportional limit of Zr and Sc in certain scope, is preferably 1:1 has preferably effect during than addition, so neither can waste Zr and also not understand and add Sc more.Therefore, the present invention is through considering, the addition of micro alloying element Sc, Y and Zr is limited in above-mentioned scope and with other components and is cooperatively interacted, effectively improve the balance of mechanical strength and welding property, solved existing aluminum alloy materials because welding property is poor or the low accessory size causing of intensity is thicker so that cannot meet high-load and problem that lighting requires.
Further preferably, according to mass percent meter, aluminum alloy materials comprises following component: Zn8.0～9.0%, Mg2.0～2.8%, Cu1.4～2.0%; Sc0.15～0.2%, Zr0.15～0.2%, Y0.15～0.20%, Si0.02～0.05%, Fe0.03～0.05%, impurity≤0.15%, surplus is Al.Most preferably, according to mass percent meter, aluminum alloy materials comprises following component: Zn8.5%, Mg2.6%, Cu1.8%; Sc0.2%, Zr0.18%, Y0.2%, Si0.04%, Fe0.04%, impurity≤0.15%, surplus is Al.
Except said components, according to mass percent meter, aluminum alloy materials also comprises 0.02% Er and 0.01% Ce.Er and Ce can play the effect that purifies melt, and the interpolation by Er and Ce can reduce the foreign matter content in melt, while thinning microstructure structure.Er has similar effect to Sc simultaneously, can also improve to a certain extent the mechanical property of aluminum alloy materials.
According to a further aspect in the invention, also provide a kind of aluminium alloy part, this aluminium alloy part is prepared from by above-mentioned any aluminum alloy materials.The aluminium alloy part that adopts above-mentioned formula to make, its microstructure is even, stable performance.After testing, the tensile strength of aluminum alloy materials prepared by the present invention is 625～704MPa, yield strength 550～688MPa, unit elongation is 7.5%～13.6%, welding coefficient is 0.62～0.85, visible, has obtained having the high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy material of excellent welding performance after rare earth modified.
The method that the present invention prepares aluminum alloy materials is ordinary method, roughly step comprises: get the raw materials ready, batching, melting, ingot casting, quenching, homogenizing thermal treatment afterwards, gross distortion is than hot extrusion/hot rolling, following process is processed and solid solution aging is processed, and finally forms the rare earth modified high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy material that welds of different size.
The present invention is by adding the micro alloying elements such as micro-Sc, Zr and Y, and by after tri-grades of ageing treatment of strengthened solution+RRA of optimizing, solve to a certain extent the contradictory relation between intensity of aluminum alloy, anti-corrosion and welding property, thereby effectively improve the intensity of aluminium alloy, relevant corrosion resisting property and welding property, the intensity of high strength alumin ium alloy is further enhanced, solve existing high strength alumin ium alloy because welding property is poor or the low accessory size that causes of intensity is thicker, cannot meet the problem of high-load and lighting requirement.The structural element that can be used for the fields such as aerospace, nuclear industry, communications and transportation, mechano-electronic, weapons.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment and comparative example, further illustrate beneficial effect of the present invention.
The raw material of embodiment 1 to 6 and comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 and composition and ratio are specifically in Table 1, wherein the purity of Zn, Mg and Cu is 99-99.9%, and Sc, Zr, Y all adopt the form of master alloy to add, and Sc adopts Al-2%Sc, Zr adopts Al-40%Zr, and Y adopts Al-10%Y.Al is aluminium and inevitable impurity for general industry.
According to the raw material in table 1 and proportioning and common process, prepare aluminum alloy ingot, through hot extrusion with to roll out sample size be 12.26mm * 4.27mm, the sheet material that thickness is 5mm, then tests according to GB/T228-2010, and main performance index data are in Table 2.
Table 1
Table 2
| ? | Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Unit elongation (%) | Welding coefficient |
| Embodiment 1 | 710 | 678 | 10.2 | 0.87 |
| Embodiment 2 | 675 | 620 | 9 | 0.83 |
| Embodiment 3 | 665 | 610 | 9.5 | 0.79 |
| Embodiment 4 | 645 | 610 | 9.8 | 0.79 |
| Embodiment 5 | 630 | 590 | 10 | 0.75 |
| Embodiment 6 | 610 | 580 | 8.6 | 0.74 |
| Comparative example 1 | 600 | 585 | 9 | 0.78 |
| Comparative example 2 | 625 | 555 | 8.0 | 0.65 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the aluminum alloy materials that adopts technical scheme of the present invention to prepare has excellent tensile strength and yield strength, and its welding property is also greatly improved.Compare with embodiment 6, in the situation that the Zr in comparative example 1 and Y content are approaching, because the Cu content in aluminum alloy materials in comparative example 1 is relatively high, cause its unit elongation to increase.
Under normal circumstances, unit elongation and intensity are inversely proportional to, be that more high-elongation is lower for intensity, but adding along with rare earth element in the application, can improve its structure organization, its unit elongation is changed, but too much the interpolation of rare earth element can cause excessive rare earth element to change impurity into, thereby reduced the over-all properties of aluminum alloy materials, also reduced its unit elongation.
Embodiment 7～9
In order to further illustrate beneficial effect of the present invention, according to alloying constituent: Zn(8.5%), Mg(2.6%), Cu(1.5%), Sc(0.15%), Zr(0.15%), Y(0.15%), Si0.04%, Fe0.03, other total impurities≤0.15%, surplus is Al, hot extrusion and roll out the sheet material of different thickness, then, according to GB/T228-2010 test, main performance index is as shown in table 3 below.Wherein the purity of Zn, Mg and Cu is 99-99.9%, and Sc, Zr, Y all adopt the form of master alloy to add, and Sc adopts Al-2%Sc, and Zr adopts Al-40%Zr, and Y adopts Al-10%Y.Al is aluminium and inevitable impurity for general industry.
Table 3
As can be seen from Table 3, along with the thickness of plate rolling is more and more thinner, operation of rolling distortion quantitative change is large, makes the further refinement of crystalline-granular texture, and after thermal treatment, the dispersion-strengthened effect of rare earth will have further raising, and its over-all properties aspect has slightly and promotes.Visible, adopt the alloy compositions of technical solution of the present invention to obtain compared with the aluminum alloy materials of high-tensile, yield strength, excellent unit elongation and welding coefficient, illustrate that the aluminum alloy materials of employing technical solution of the present invention can improve mechanics and the welding property of aluminum alloy materials effectively.
Embodiment 10～12
According to alloying constituent: Zn(8.6%), Mg(2.6%), Cu(2.0%), Sc(0.2%), Zr(0.15%), Y(0.2%), Si0.04%, Fe0.03, other total impurities≤0.15%, surplus is Al, hot extrusion and roll out the bar of different diameter, then according to GB/T228-2010 test, main performance index is as shown in table 4 below.Wherein the purity of Zn, Mg and Cu is 99-99.9%, and Sc, Zr, Y all adopt the form of master alloy to add, and Sc adopts Al-2%Sc, and Zr adopts Al-40%Zr, and Y adopts Al-10%Y.Al is aluminium and inevitable impurity for general industry.
Table 4
As can be seen from Table 4, along with the diameter of bar is more and more less, operation of rolling distortion quantitative change is large, makes the further refinement of crystalline-granular texture, and after thermal treatment, the dispersion-strengthened effect of rare earth will have further raising, and its over-all properties aspect has slightly and promotes.Visible, adopt the alloy compositions of technical solution of the present invention to obtain compared with the aluminum alloy materials of high-tensile, yield strength, excellent unit elongation and welding coefficient, illustrate that the aluminum alloy materials of employing technical solution of the present invention can improve mechanics and the welding property of aluminum alloy materials effectively.
As can be seen from the above description, by Sc, Zr and the Y micro alloying element of compound interpolation trace in aluminium alloy, effectively improved mechanics and the welding property of aluminum alloy materials, solved existing aluminum alloy materials and pursued simply high strength and make the poor or good welding performance of welding property cannot meet and the low accessory size causing of intensity is thicker the problem that high-load and lighting require.The novel high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy material good combination property that welds provided by the invention, has met the requirement of modern development in science and technology to aluminum alloy junction member high-load and lighting preferably.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. an aluminum alloy materials, is characterized in that, the main component of described aluminum alloy materials is Zn, Mg, Cu, Sc, Zr, Y and Al.
2. aluminum alloy materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that, according to mass percent meter, described aluminum alloy materials comprises: Sc0.1～0.2%, Zr0.1～0.2% and Y0.15～0.25%.
3. aluminum alloy materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that, according to mass percent meter, described aluminum alloy materials comprises following component:
Zn7.5～9.0%, Mg1.5～3.0%, Cu1.0～2.0%; Sc0.1～0.2%, Zr0.1～0.2%, Y0.15～0.25%, Si0～0.05%, Fe0～0.05%, impurity≤0.15%, surplus is Al.
4. aluminum alloy materials according to claim 3, is characterized in that, according to mass percent meter, described aluminum alloy materials comprises following component:
Zn8.0～9.0%, Mg2.0～2.8%, Cu1.4～2.0%; Sc0.15～0.2%, Zr0.15～0.2%, Y0.15～0.20%, Si0.02～0.05%, Fe0.03～0.05%, impurity≤0.15%, surplus is Al.
5. aluminum alloy materials according to claim 4, is characterized in that, according to mass percent meter, described aluminum alloy materials comprises following component:
Zn8.5%, Mg2.6%, Cu1.8%; Sc0.2%, Zr0.18%, Y0.2%, Si0.04%, Fe0.04%, impurity≤0.15%, surplus is Al.
6. aluminum alloy materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that, according to mass percent meter, described aluminum alloy materials also comprises 0.02% Er and 0.01% Ce.
7. aluminum alloy materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the tensile strength of described aluminum alloy materials is 610～720MPa, yield strength 580～700MPa, and unit elongation is 8.6%～12%, welding coefficient is 0.74～0.87.
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| CN111996425A (en) * | 2020-08-30 | 2020-11-27 | 中南大学 | High-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106399781A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-02-15 | 合肥工业大学 | Novel high-strength corrosion-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material and preparation method |
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| CN106834814A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-13 | 中南大学 | Aluminium alloy conductor and preparation technology and application that a kind of high conductivity and heat heat resistance is anti-corrosion |
| CN106834814B (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2019-01-29 | 中南大学 | A kind of aluminium alloy conductor that high conductivity and heat heat resistance is anti-corrosion and preparation process and application |
| CN108468003A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-08-31 | 益阳仪纬科技有限公司 | A kind of aluminium alloy and its casting method |
| CN111004949A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-04-14 | 广东凤铝铝业有限公司 | Aluminum alloy casting method |
| CN111004949B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-02-02 | 佛山市三水凤铝铝业有限公司 | Aluminum alloy casting method |
| CN111996425A (en) * | 2020-08-30 | 2020-11-27 | 中南大学 | High-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN111996425B (en) * | 2020-08-30 | 2021-11-30 | 中南大学 | High-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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