CN103559824A - Physical standard battery potential difference meter experiment instrument and method for measuring potential difference by means of the experiment instrument - Google Patents
Physical standard battery potential difference meter experiment instrument and method for measuring potential difference by means of the experiment instrument Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
物理式标准电池的电位差计实验仪及利用该实验仪测量电位差的方法,涉及一种电位差计实验仪及利用电位差计实验仪测量电位差的方法。解决了现有化学式标准电池易受外界环境的影响,输出的电动势值的稳定性差,造成电位差计实验仪测量精度差的问题。本发明的直流稳压电源的正极同时连接发光二极管的阳极和电位器的一端,发光二极管的阴极同时连接直流稳压电源的负极和电阻的一端,电阻的另一端连接电位器的另一端;电位差计的正电信号输入端连接直流稳压电源的正极,电位差计的负电信号输入端连接电位器的活动端。利用实验仪测量待测器电位差,调节电位器RP的活动端,实现对待测器件电位差的测量。本发明适用于测量电位差。
A potentiometer experimental instrument for a physical standard battery and a method for measuring potential difference by using the experimental instrument relate to a potentiometer experimental instrument and a method for measuring potential difference by using the potentiometer experimental instrument. It solves the problem that the existing chemical formula standard battery is easily affected by the external environment, the stability of the output electromotive force value is poor, and the measurement accuracy of the potentiometer experimental instrument is poor. The anode of the DC stabilized power supply of the present invention is connected to the anode of the light-emitting diode and one end of the potentiometer at the same time, the cathode of the light-emitting diode is connected to the negative pole of the DC stabilized power supply and one end of the resistor at the same time, and the other end of the resistor is connected to the other end of the potentiometer; potential The positive signal input end of the difference meter is connected to the positive pole of the DC stabilized voltage power supply, and the negative signal input end of the potentiometer is connected to the active end of the potentiometer. Use the experimental instrument to measure the potential difference of the device under test, adjust the movable end of the potentiometer RP, and realize the measurement of the potential difference of the device under test. The invention is suitable for measuring potential differences.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种电位差计实验仪及利用电位差计实验仪测量电位差的方法。The invention relates to a potentiometer experimental instrument and a method for measuring potential difference by using the potentiometer experimental instrument.
背景技术Background technique
电位差计实验仪所用的标准电池一般为化学电池,受温度影响较大,特别是室内环境温度的变化会引起化学标准电池输出电动势的变化,因此每次使用前,必须根据温度变化的规律校准化学标准电池后,才能使用;并且化学标准电池不能倾斜,更不能摇晃和倒置,否则会使玻璃管内的化学物质混成一体,从而影响电动势值和稳定性,甚至不能使用;另外,化学标准电池还受光照影响较大,因为标准电池的去极化剂硫酸亚汞是一种光敏物质,受光照后会变质,将使极化和滞后都变得严重。因此,电位差计实验会针对化学电池特点增添很多注意事项,学生稍有不慎就会影响输出电动势值和稳定性,造成测量精度不准确,甚至损毁化学标准电池。The standard battery used in the potentiometer tester is generally a chemical battery, which is greatly affected by temperature, especially the change of the indoor ambient temperature will cause the change of the output electromotive force of the chemical standard battery. Therefore, it must be calibrated according to the law of temperature change before each use. The chemical standard battery can only be used; and the chemical standard battery cannot be tilted, let alone shaken or inverted, otherwise the chemical substances in the glass tube will be mixed together, which will affect the electromotive force value and stability, and even cannot be used; in addition, the chemical standard battery also cannot be used. It is greatly affected by light, because the depolarizer mercurous sulfate of the standard battery is a photosensitive substance, which will deteriorate after being exposed to light, which will make polarization and hysteresis serious. Therefore, the potentiometer experiment will add a lot of precautions according to the characteristics of the chemical battery. A little carelessness of the students will affect the output electromotive force value and stability, resulting in inaccurate measurement accuracy and even damage to the chemical standard battery.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明为了解决现有化学式标准电池易受外界环境的影响,输出的电动势值的稳定性差,造成电位差计实验仪测量精度差的问题,提出了物理式标准电池的电位差计实验仪及利用该电实验仪测量电位差的方法。In order to solve the problem that the existing chemical formula standard battery is easily affected by the external environment, the stability of the output electromotive force value is poor, and the measurement accuracy of the potentiometer test instrument is poor, the potentiometer test instrument of the physical formula standard battery and its utilization are proposed. The electric experiment instrument measures the method of potential difference.
本发明所述物理式标准电池的电位差计实验仪,该实验仪包括直流稳压电源E、发光二极管D、电阻R和电位器RP和电位差计A;The potentiometer experimental instrument of the physical type standard battery of the present invention, this experimental instrument comprises DC stabilized voltage supply E, light-emitting diode D, resistance R and potentiometer RP and potentiometer A;
直流稳压电源E的正极同时连接发光二极管D的阳极和电位器RP的一端,发光二极管D的阴极同时连接直流稳压电源E的负极和电阻R的一端,电阻R的另一端连接电位器RP的另一端;电位差计A的正电信号输入端连接直流稳压电源E的正极,电位差计A的负电信号输入端连接电位器RP的活动端。The positive pole of the DC stabilized power supply E is connected to the anode of the light-emitting diode D and one end of the potentiometer RP at the same time, the cathode of the light-emitting diode D is connected to the negative pole of the DC stabilized power supply E and one end of the resistor R at the same time, and the other end of the resistor R is connected to the potentiometer RP The other end of the potentiometer A; the positive signal input terminal of the potentiometer A is connected to the positive pole of the DC power supply E, and the negative signal input terminal of the potentiometer A is connected to the active terminal of the potentiometer RP.
利用上述物理式标准电池的电位差计实验仪测量电位差的方法,该方法的具体步骤为:Utilize the method for measuring potential difference with the potentiometer experimental instrument of above-mentioned physical type standard battery, the specific steps of this method are:
首先将待测器件正电信号输出端连接电位差计A的正电信号输入端,电位差计A的负电信号输入端连接待测器件负电信号输出端;First, connect the positive signal output terminal of the device under test to the positive signal input terminal of the potentiometer A, and connect the negative signal input terminal of the potentiometer A to the negative signal output terminal of the device under test;
然后调解电位器RP的活动端,使电位器RP的活动端和与电位差计实验仪连接的固定端之间输出毫伏级电动势;Then adjust the movable end of the potentiometer RP, so that the millivolt-level electromotive force is output between the movable end of the potentiometer RP and the fixed end connected to the potentiometer experimental instrument;
根据待测器件的电位差调节电位器RP的活动端,至适合待测器件的电位差的量程,实现对待测器件电位差的测量。Adjust the movable end of the potentiometer RP according to the potential difference of the device under test to a range suitable for the potential difference of the device under test to realize the measurement of the potential difference of the device under test.
本发明所述的电位差计实验仪化学标准电池的替代装置是利用物理的方法实现的,不受环境温度、光照等环境因素影响,每次使用前不用根据室内温度变化校准标准电池。不小心将标准电池倒置,晃动后,依然能够输出稳定电动势。发明的标准电池替代装置能够满足电位差计实验仪测量范围0-170mv的需求,而且大小可调,稳定性好,且与现有化学式标准电池相比,稳定性同比提高了10%,有效的提高了电位差计实验仪测量精度,且采用本发明所述的装置的电位差计实验仪测量精度与采用标准电池的电位差计实验仪相比,同比测量精度同比提高了20%。The substitution device of the chemical standard battery of the potentiometer experiment instrument of the present invention is realized by a physical method, and is not affected by environmental factors such as ambient temperature and light, and does not need to calibrate the standard battery according to indoor temperature changes before each use. Accidentally turn the standard battery upside down and shake it, it can still output a stable electromotive force. The invented standard battery replacement device can meet the needs of the potentiometer experimental instrument with a measurement range of 0-170mv, and the size is adjustable and the stability is good. Compared with the existing chemical formula standard battery, the stability has increased by 10% year-on-year, and it is effective The measurement accuracy of the potentiometer experimental instrument is improved, and the measurement accuracy of the potentiometer experimental instrument using the device of the present invention is compared with the potentiometer experimental instrument using a standard battery, and the measurement accuracy is improved by 20% year-on-year.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明所述的物理式标准电池的电位差计实验仪的电路结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a potentiometer experiment instrument for a physical standard battery according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
具体实施方式一、结合图1说明本实施方式,本实施方式所述物理式标准电池的电位差计实验仪,该实验仪包括直流稳压电源E、发光二极管D、电阻R和电位器RP和电位差计A;
直流稳压电源E的正极同时连接发光二极管D的阳极和电位器RP的一端,发光二极管D的阴极同时连接直流稳压电源E的负极和电阻R的一端,电阻R的另一端连接电位器RP的另一端;电位差计A的正电信号输入端连接直流稳压电源E的正极,电位差计A的负电信号输入端连接电位器RP的活动端。The positive pole of the DC stabilized power supply E is connected to the anode of the light-emitting diode D and one end of the potentiometer RP at the same time, the cathode of the light-emitting diode D is connected to the negative pole of the DC stabilized power supply E and one end of the resistor R at the same time, and the other end of the resistor R is connected to the potentiometer RP The other end of the potentiometer A; the positive signal input terminal of the potentiometer A is connected to the positive pole of the DC power supply E, and the negative signal input terminal of the potentiometer A is connected to the active terminal of the potentiometer RP.
本发明所述的物理式标准电池的电位差计实验仪涉及大学物理实验仪器;特别是电位差计实验仪,电位差计实验仪是用来精确测量电池电动势或电位差的专门仪器,实验所需要的标准电池要求能够满足电位差计实验仪测量范围0-170mv的需求,而且稳定性好,在室内温度,光照变化时,标准电池输出电动势能够稳定工作,每次使用前,不用根据温度变校准标准电池,就可以直接测量使用;标准电池倒置,晃动后,依然能够输出稳定电动势,而且标准电池输出电动势大小本身可调节。The potentiometer experimental instrument of physical type standard battery of the present invention relates to university physics experimental instrument; Especially potentiometer experimental instrument, potentiometer experimental instrument is the specialized instrument that is used for accurately measuring battery electromotive force or potential difference, laboratory The required standard battery can meet the requirements of the potentiometer experiment instrument with a measuring range of 0-170mv, and has good stability. When the indoor temperature and light change, the output electromotive force of the standard battery can work stably. Before each use, it does not need to change according to the temperature Calibrate the standard battery, you can use it directly for measurement; the standard battery can still output a stable electromotive force after being inverted and shaken, and the output electromotive force of the standard battery itself can be adjusted.
当前标准电池是一种化学电池,受温度影响较大,环境温度的变化会引起化学标准电池电动势变化,因此每次使用前必须根据温度变化的规律校准,化学标准电池才能使用,而且,化学标准电池不能倾斜,更不能摇晃和倒置,否则会使玻璃管内的化学物质混成一体,从而影响输出电动势值和稳定性,甚至不能使用。现有的化学标准电池受光照影响较大,因为标准电池的去极化剂硫酸亚汞是一种光敏物质,受光照后会变质,将使极化和滞后都变得严重;化学标准电池输出电动势大小标准电池本身不可调节,本发明电位差计实验仪化学标准电池的替代装置是利用物理的方法实现的,不受环境温度、光照等环境因素影响,每次使用前不用根据室内温度变化校准标准电池。不小心将标准电池倒置,晃动后,依然能够输出稳定电动势。The current standard battery is a kind of chemical battery, which is greatly affected by temperature. Changes in ambient temperature will cause changes in the electromotive force of the chemical standard battery. Therefore, it must be calibrated according to the law of temperature changes before each use, and the chemical standard battery can be used. The battery cannot be tilted, let alone shaken and turned upside down, otherwise the chemical substances in the glass tube will be mixed together, which will affect the output electromotive force value and stability, and even cannot be used. Existing chemical standard batteries are greatly affected by light, because the depolarizer mercurous sulfate of standard batteries is a photosensitive substance, which will deteriorate after being exposed to light, which will make polarization and hysteresis serious; chemical standard battery output The electromotive force size standard battery itself cannot be adjusted, and the substitution device of the chemical standard battery of the potentiometer experiment instrument of the present invention is realized by a physical method, and is not affected by environmental factors such as ambient temperature and light, and does not need to be calibrated according to indoor temperature changes before each use standard battery. Accidentally turn the standard battery upside down and shake it, it can still output a stable electromotive force.
本发明所述的标准电池替代装置能够满足电位差计实验仪测量范围0-170mv的需求,而且大小可调,稳定性好,大大提高学生的实验效率和教师设计实验的选择性,而且此电位差计实验仪标准电池的替代装置还具有制作简单,节能环保,经济耐用等特点。The standard battery replacement device described in the present invention can meet the requirements of the potentiometer experimental instrument with a measuring range of 0-170mv, and has adjustable size and good stability, which greatly improves the experimental efficiency of students and the selectivity of teacher-designed experiments. The replacement device of the standard battery of the differential meter tester also has the characteristics of simple manufacture, energy saving, environmental protection, economy and durability.
具体实施方式二、本实施方式是对具体实施方式一所述的物理式标准电池的电位差计实验仪的进一步说明,直流稳压电源E采用电压为3V的直流稳压电源。Specific Embodiment 2. This embodiment is a further description of the potentiometer experimental instrument for a physical standard battery described in
具体实施方式三、本实施方式是对具体实施方式一所述的物理式标准电池的电位差计实验仪的进一步说明,发光二极管D采用功率为1W的发光二极管。Specific Embodiment 3. This embodiment is a further description of the potentiometer experimental instrument for a physical standard battery described in
具体实施方式四、本实施方式是对具体实施方式一所述的物理式标准电池的电位差计实验仪的进一步说明,电位差计A的测量范围为0mv-170mv。Embodiment 4. This embodiment is a further description of the potentiometer experimental instrument for a physical standard battery described in
具体实施方式五、利用具体实施方式一所述的物理式标准电池的电位差计实验仪测量电位差的方法,该方法的具体步骤为:Specific embodiment five, utilize the method for measuring the potential difference of the potentiometer experiment instrument of physical formula standard battery described in specific embodiment one, the specific steps of this method are:
首先将待测器件正电信号输出端连接电位差计A的正电信号输入端,电位差计A的负电信号输入端连接待测器件负电信号输出端;First, connect the positive signal output terminal of the device under test to the positive signal input terminal of the potentiometer A, and connect the negative signal input terminal of the potentiometer A to the negative signal output terminal of the device under test;
然后调解电位器RP的活动端,使电位器RP的活动端和与电位差计实验仪连接的固定端之间输出毫伏级电动势;Then adjust the movable end of the potentiometer RP, so that the millivolt-level electromotive force is output between the movable end of the potentiometer RP and the fixed end connected to the potentiometer experimental instrument;
根据待测器件的电位差调节电位器RP的活动端,至适合待测器件的电位差的量程,实现对待测器件电位差的测量。Adjust the movable end of the potentiometer RP according to the potential difference of the device under test to a range suitable for the potential difference of the device under test to realize the measurement of the potential difference of the device under test.
本发明的优点:Advantages of the present invention:
1、本发明所述的标准电池的替代装置是利用物理方法来实现的。1. The replacement device of the standard battery described in the present invention is realized by physical methods.
2、本发明所述的物理式标准电池的电位差计实验仪输出电动势大小连续可调。2. The output electromotive force of the potentiometer experiment instrument of the physical standard battery described in the present invention is continuously adjustable.
3、本发明所述的物理式标准电池的电位差计实验仪能够满足在电位差计实验仪测量范围0-170mv需求。3. The potentiometer tester of the physical standard battery described in the present invention can meet the requirement of measuring range 0-170mv of the potentiometer tester.
4、本发明所述的物理式标准电池的电位差计实验仪不受环境温度、光照等环境因素影响,每次使用前不用根据室内温度变化校准标准电池。4. The potentiometer experiment instrument of the physical type standard battery of the present invention is not affected by environmental factors such as ambient temperature and light, and the standard battery does not need to be calibrated according to indoor temperature changes before each use.
5、本发明所述的物理式标准电池的电位差计实验仪使用方便,制作简单,节能环保,成本低廉,稳定耐用,实验效果良好。5. The potentiometer experimental instrument of physical standard battery described in the present invention is easy to use, simple to manufacture, energy-saving and environmentally friendly, low in cost, stable and durable, and has good experimental results.
6、本发明所述的物理式标准电池的电位差计实验仪在倒置,晃动后,不影响使用,依然能够输出稳定电动势。6. The potentiometer experiment instrument of the physical type standard battery described in the present invention can output stable electromotive force without affecting the use after it is turned upside down and shaken.
7、本发明所述的物理式标准电池的电位差计实验仪还具有制作简单,节能环保,经济耐用等特点。7. The potentiometer test instrument for a physical standard battery of the present invention also has the characteristics of simple manufacture, energy saving, environmental protection, economy and durability.
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Application publication date: 20140205 |