CN103557946A - Method and device for measuring optical delay - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring optical delay Download PDFInfo
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- CN103557946A CN103557946A CN201310518331.XA CN201310518331A CN103557946A CN 103557946 A CN103557946 A CN 103557946A CN 201310518331 A CN201310518331 A CN 201310518331A CN 103557946 A CN103557946 A CN 103557946A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of high-precision time delay measurement, in particular to a method and device for measuring optical delay with an optical autocorrelation method. The method for precisely measuring the delay based on optical autocorrelation is provided to solve the problems in the prior art, the time delay smaller than 10 picoseconds can be measured, the largest measuring range is determined by the measuring range of an autocorrelator, and relative measuring precision is superior to 1%. The method and device are achieved through the cooperation of a pulse laser, a first optical fiber coupler, a delay line device, a second optical fiber coupler, the autocorrelator, a processor and the like. The method and device are suitable for the precise measurement of subnanosecond time delay in the optical fiber and free space optical field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to split-second precision delay measurements technical field, especially relate to a kind of optical delay measuring method and device of optics autocorrelation method
.
Background technology
Optical Sampling is the technology to high bandwidth analog signal sampling by optical means, and it has conventional photodetectors and the oscillograph bandwidth that is beyond one's reach.Along with optical communication, especially the development of Optical Sampling technology, carries out by light pulse the Optical Sampling rate that " copying " obtain by optical delay method and improves constantly, and the 100GSa/s Optical Sampling rate of take is example, require adjacency channel optical delay 10ps, and the higher less optical delay of sampling rate correspondence.Optical delay precision direct relation Optical Sampling signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) simultaneously, so the accurate measurement of optical delay is of paramount importance problem in Optical Sampling.
Sampling adjustable optic fibre lag line is controlled optical delay at present, traditional delay measurements is to adopt photodetector and high bandwidth oscilloscope display waveform, because photodetector itself exists inertia effect, also there is the response time of several psecs in the fastest photodetector at present, the high-speed real-time sampling scope response time is also that several psecs are between tens psecs simultaneously, if therefore adopt photodetector to carry out delay measurements in conjunction with system of Oscillograph, its error is difficult to be controlled in 10ps.And existing measuring method is by off-line measurement fiber lengths, there is White Light Interferometer, light frequency reflection (Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometer), optical time domain reflection (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer).Wherein optical time domain reflection is by nanosecond width pulse input testing fiber and surveys reflected signal, try to achieve testing fiber length by the mistiming, its test blind area is 10 meters of left and right, and the optical frequency domain reflectometry measurement precision based on frequency sweep method can arrive micron order, corresponding time 10fs left and right.But the problem of said method is to carry out online measurement in real time, light path is built the middle fiber lengths causing because of light path connection and is changed at grade, can introduce a few psec errors.
At present the test of femtosecond, psec optical pulse width is mainly contained to optics correlation method, frequency resolved optical gating (Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating, FROG), the relevant direct electric field reconstruction method (Spectral Phase Interfere Direct Electric-Field Reconstruction, SPIDER) in spectrum position etc.Autocorrelation function analyzer has had matured product, what use was more at present has FR-103 serial, Pulse check series etc., its ultimate principle is to be divided into two-way by half-reflecting half mirror Jiang Yi road light, one road light path is fixed, and optical path difference continuous sweep is carried out on Dui Gai road, another road, and two-way light overlaps afterwards, second order nonlinear effect by frequency-doubling crystal converts light signal to the autocorrelation signal being directly proportional to pulse width, thereby obtains pulse width
.
Due to can only be by the optical method for measuring of off-line for ultrashort delay (corresponding fiber lengths submillimeter), and fiber cut welding, or adopt in flange connection procedure and all can introduce grade error in length, thereby cannot reach accurate delay, control.Adopt opto-electronic conversion to measure because electricity inertia effect in conversion is understood the measuring error of call number psec equally.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that the present invention solves is: in order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the object of the invention is to provide a kind of based on the autocorrelative optical delay measuring method of optics and device, the method can be measured and be less than 10 psec time delays, maximum measurement range is determined by autocorrelation function analyzer range, measures relative accuracy and is better than 1%.
the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of optical delay measuring method comprises:
Step 1: pulsed laser Output of laser light beam;
Step 2: the first fiber coupler is divided into N road light beam by Laser Output Beam, and by delay line device, incite somebody to action the wherein relatively last road of N-1 road light beam and carry out signal delay, described delay line device retardation is to control by processor;
Step 3: by the second fiber coupler, above-mentioned N road signal is synthesized to a road signal, described N road beam signal is followed successively by time delay
, and
be less than autocorrelation function analyzer hour range half, described N>1;
Step 4: it is constant that autocorrelation function analyzer is divided into two-way ，Yi road light path by the light beam of the second fiber coupler input end output, and another road continuously changes light path, carries out optical path scanning, and autocorrelation function analyzer output is symmetrical with respect to center line
individual self correlated peak, described in
individual self correlated peak intensity rate is
.
Step 5: the display device carrying by oscillograph or autocorrelation function analyzer records self correlated peak peak value two two positions relative time interval δ T, and obtains δ t time delay according to formula (1):
Wherein
ffor autocorrelation function analyzer swivel arm rotating speed,
dfor swivel arm rotates diameter,
cfor the light velocity.
Described step 2 specifically comprises:
Step 21: the first fiber coupler is divided into N road by the laser beam of pulsed laser output;
Step 22: the beam signal of the first fiber coupler first via output port is input to the second fiber coupler first via input port; First fiber coupler the second output port ... the beam signal of the first fiber coupler N output port output, by delay line device, carry out signal delay control respectively, and correspondence exports second fiber coupler the second input port to respectively ... the second fiber coupler N input port; The second fiber coupler output port output beam signal regulates and tests through autocorrelation function analyzer.
Described delay line device comprises N-1 lag line, and described N-1 lag line input end is connected with the first fiber coupler N output port, and N-1 lag line output terminal is connected with the second fiber coupler N input end.
Described the first fiber coupler 1*N fiber coupler, the second fiber coupler is all N*1 fiber coupler, lag line number is N-1.
Described lag line number is 1 to 7, N-1 number 1 to 7.
A kind of deferred mount of optical delay measuring method comprises:
Pulsed laser, for Output of laser light beam;
The first fiber coupler, for being divided into N road by the laser beam of pulsed laser input;
Delay line device, for wherein carrying out signal delay in light beam relatively last road in N-1 road to the first fiber coupler;
The second fiber coupler, for receiving the beam signal of first fiber coupler the first output port output, for N-1 light delay signal of receive delay line apparatus output, described N road beam signal is followed successively by time delay simultaneously
, and
be less than autocorrelation function analyzer hour range half, described N>1;
Autocorrelation function analyzer, for receiving the beam signal of the second fiber coupler output, carries out beam signal adjusting and test, and records self correlated peak peak value two two positions relative time interval δ T.
Processor, is received from correlator and records self correlated peak peak value two two positions relative time interval δ T, and processor passes through
, calculate δ t time delay.
Described delay line device comprises N-1 lag line, described N-1 lag line input end is connected with the first fiber coupler N-1 output port, N-1 lag line output terminal is connected with the second fiber coupler N-1 input end, and described lag line control end is connected with processor output terminal.
The beam signal of described the first fiber coupler first via output port is input to the second fiber coupler first via input port; First fiber coupler the second output port ... the beam signal of the first fiber coupler N output port output, by delay line device, carry out signal delay control respectively, and correspondence exports second fiber coupler the second input port to respectively ... the second fiber coupler N input port; The second fiber coupler output port output beam signal regulates and tests through autocorrelation function analyzer.
9, a kind of optical delay measurement mechanism according to claim 6, is characterized in that described the first fiber coupler, the second fiber coupler are all 1*N fiber couplers, and lag line number is N-1.
Described lag line number is 1 to 7 o'clock, and described N-1 scope is 1 to 7.
In sum, owing to having adopted technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1)by being combined with lag line, time delay is controlled with measurement and is combined in same light path, realized the on-line measurement of time delay.
2)the instrument that the method needs is an ordinary optical autocorrelation function analyzer only, so accurate measurement and the control of delay can be realized in ordinary optical laboratory.
3)if autocorrelation function analyzer range is τ, can by this measurement device repetition frequency, be the laser instrument repetition frequency of 2/ (τ).
4)the method can be measured and be less than 10 psec time delays.(can test infinitely small time delay in theory, under actual conditions for the about 3ps of Optical Sampling light pulse half-breadth overall with, Gaussian, Hyperbolic Secant Shaped Optical and the monolateral exponential type pulse strenching factor are 1.414,1.534,2, and its autocorrelation signal full width at half maximum is 4 ~ 6ps.Overall with is 10ps left and right, and therefore, if be less than 10ps time delay, adjacent self correlated peak is overlapping, cannot differentiate.）
5)maximum measurement range is determined by autocorrelation function analyzer range, measures relative accuracy and is better than 1%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Examples of the present invention will be described by way of reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 principle of the invention block diagram.
Fig. 2 comprises 1 lag line embodiment mono-, and autocorrelation function analyzer obtains three symmetrical self correlated peak diagrams.
Fig. 3 adjusts autocorrelation function analyzer fixed arm to obtain the self correlated peak diagram with respect to center line symmetry in embodiment mono-.
Wherein Fig. 3 (a) is the symmetrical auto-correlation waveform through adjusting;
Wherein Fig. 3 (b) is the auto-correlation waveform of adjusting without crossing;
Fig. 4 is that actual the recording about symmetrical three self correlated peaks of main peak center line of embodiment mono-illustrates.
Embodiment
Disclosed all features in this instructions, or the step in disclosed all methods or process, except mutually exclusive feature and/or step, all can combine by any way.
Disclosed arbitrary feature in this instructions (comprising any accessory claim, summary and accompanying drawing), unless narration especially all can be replaced by other equivalences or the alternative features with similar object.That is,, unless narration especially, each feature is an example in a series of equivalences or similar characteristics.
Related description of the present invention:
1, δ t infinite approach in the design
,
be the theoretical length of delay that needs control, δ t is the actual retardation that records.
2, the second fiber coupler is the design with the first fiber coupler inverted configuration, the first fiber coupler 1*N fiber coupler.The second fiber coupler is N*1 fiber coupler, first fiber coupler the first output port ... the first fiber coupler N output port corresponds respectively to the second fiber coupler first input end mouth ... the second fiber coupler N input port.
3, first fiber coupler the first output port is through first lag line time delay
, be by manual setting the time delay of first lag line, or set by processor, the detailed process by manual setting is: on manual delay line, have distance scale, according to time gap corresponding relation
, rotating screw bolt is adjusted optics distance in lag line can obtain setting-up time), the process of setting by processor is: bolt rotary is by step motor control, and control step number of motor steps can obtain setting-up time.
4, autocorrelation function analyzer, when autocorrelation function analyzer includes oscillograph function, does not need oscillograph in the present invention, if in the time of can not realizing oscillograph function in autocorrelation function analyzer, in the present invention, also comprise oscillograph, for autocorrelation function analyzer output signal is shown, and record the value of δ T.Be that beam signal regulates and tests through autocorrelation function analyzer.
Principle of work:
1) if the first fiber coupler only carries out time delay through a lag line, and time delay
be less than autocorrelation function analyzer hour range half, by in signal input time delay autocorrelation function analyzer, regulate autocorrelation function analyzer light path, on the display device that oscillograph or autocorrelation function analyzer carry, swivel arm there will be three self correlated peaks in each cycle, wherein, main peak intensity is the twice of two adjacent self correlated peak intensity, now adjust fixed arm, make main peak symmetrical with respect to center line; If the first N of fiber coupler output port, processor successively output delay time increases
as lag line input signal, go pilot delay line retardation respectively, and the N obtaining a duration of pulse N
be less than autocorrelation function analyzer range half, swivel arm rotates in each cycle and there will be 2N-1 self correlated peak, its relative intensity is followed successively by:
; Through the laser beam pulse input autocorrelation function analyzer of the second fiber coupler, adjust autocorrelation function analyzer light path, until there is autocorrelation signal.
2) in the display device that oscillograph or autocorrelation function analyzer carry, measure correlations peak-to-peak value intensity position and close peak-to-peak value intensity position time interval δ T with respect to principal phase, and then obtain Δ t time delay by formula (1):
Wherein time delay, δ T referred to the reading between each two neighboring and correlative peak-to-peak position,
ffor autocorrelation function analyzer swivel arm rotating speed,
dfor swivel arm rotates diameter,
cfor the light velocity.
Embodiment mono-: this device comprises 1 lag line, and the first fiber coupler is 1*2 fiber coupler, and the second fiber coupler is 2*1 fiber coupler.As shown in Figure 2, pulsed laser input light is equally divided into two-way through the first fiber coupler, and wherein a road incoming fiber optic lag line postpones to control, and re-uses afterwards the second coupling mechanism and connects, and free poor two-way light pulse is combined into a road.If lag line postpones for t
0, the laser beam signal not being delayed is t with the laser beam sitgnal distancel through lag line
0.In like manner, if desired by laser beam pulse daley N doubly, select 1*N the first fiber coupler, N*1 the second fiber coupler and N-1 lag line.
The laser beam pulse input autocorrelation function analyzer of this road through postponing, adjusts autocorrelation function analyzer light path, until there is autocorrelation signal.Because autocorrelation function analyzer swivel arm continuously changes light path, by it, around axle center, rotated and realize, it is nonlinear that its light path changes.And optical path difference is while changing between linear zone, auto-correlation main peak is best about center line symmetry, therefore adjusts autocorrelation function analyzer fixed arm and observes main peak waveform to symmetrical, if Fig. 3 (a) is the symmetrical auto-correlation waveform through adjusting, with respect to Fig. 3 (b), its symmetry is obviously better.
Due to autocorrelation function analyzer, that input light is divided into two-way ，Yi road light path is constant, and another road continuously changes light path, carries out optical path difference continuous sweep, as shown in Figure 2, and when two-way optical path difference is t
0with-t
0time, have the pulse of half in crystal, to produce two frequency-doubled effects, and when optical path difference is 0, all pulses all produce two frequency-doubled effects in crystal.Three of obtaining are as shown in Figure 4 symmetrical, and principal phase pass peak intensity is the measurement result of correlations peak twice.Measure three self correlated peak peak values, two two positions relative time interval delta T, according to formula (1)
（1）
Embodiment bis-: this device comprises 7 lag lines, and the first fiber coupler is 1*8 fiber coupler, and the second fiber coupler is 8*1 fiber coupler.Pulsed laser input light is equally divided into 8 tunnels through the first fiber coupler, wherein the first via connects the second fiber coupler first via input end, first fiber coupler the second road connects respectively lag line and postpones to control to the second fiber coupler Ba road, re-use afterwards 8*1 fiber coupler free 8 poor tunnel light pulses are combined into a road.If lag line postpones for t
0, the laser beam signal not being delayed is followed successively by t with the laser beam sitgnal distancel through lag line
0, 2t
0, 3t
0, 4t
0, 5t
0, 6t
0, 7t
0.
Through the laser beam pulse input autocorrelation function analyzer of the second fiber coupler, adjust autocorrelation function analyzer light path, until there is autocorrelation signal.Because autocorrelation function analyzer swivel arm continuously changes light path, by it, around axle center, rotated and realize, it is nonlinear that its light path changes.And optical path difference is while changing between linear zone, auto-correlation main peak is best about center line symmetry, therefore adjusts autocorrelation function analyzer fixed arm and observes main peak waveform to symmetrical.
Due to autocorrelation function analyzer, that input light is divided into two-way ，Yi road light path is constant, and another road continuously changes light path, carries out optical path difference scanning successively continuously, when two-way optical path difference is 7t
0, 6t
0, 5t
0, 4t
0,3t
0, 2t
0, t
0,-t
0,-2t
0,-3t
0,-4t
0,-5t
0,-6t
0,-7t
0time, have respectively 1/8,2/8,3/8,4/8,5/8,6/8,7/8,7/8,6/8,5/8,4/8,3/8,2/8,1/8 pulse in crystal, to produce two frequency-doubled effects, and when optical path difference is 0, all pulses all produce two frequency-doubled effects in crystal.Obtain 15 symmetrical, its relative intensity is 1/8:2/8:3/8:4/8:5/8:6/8:7/8:1:7/8:6/8:5/8:4/8:3/8:2/8:1/ 8.Measure 15 self correlated peak peak values, two two positions relative time interval delta T, according to formula (1), obtain δ t time delay:
The present invention is not limited to aforesaid embodiment.The present invention expands to any new feature or any new combination disclosing in this manual, and the arbitrary new method disclosing or step or any new combination of process.
Claims (10)
1. an optical delay measuring method, is characterized in that comprising:
Step 1: pulsed laser Output of laser light beam;
Step 2: the first fiber coupler is divided into N road light beam by Laser Output Beam, and by delay line device, incite somebody to action the wherein relatively last road of N-1 road light beam and carry out signal delay, described delay line device retardation is to control by processor;
Step 3: by the second fiber coupler, above-mentioned N road signal is synthesized to a road signal, described N road beam signal is followed successively by time delay
, and
be less than autocorrelation function analyzer hour range half, described N>1;
Step 4: it is constant that autocorrelation function analyzer is divided into two-way ，Yi road light path by the light beam of the second fiber coupler input end output, and another road continuously changes light path, carries out optical path scanning, and autocorrelation function analyzer output is symmetrical with respect to center line
individual self correlated peak, described in
individual self correlated peak intensity rate is
;
Step 5: the display device carrying by oscillograph or autocorrelation function analyzer records self correlated peak peak value two two positions relative time interval δ T, and obtains δ t time delay according to formula (1):
Wherein
ffor autocorrelation function analyzer swivel arm rotating speed,
dfor swivel arm rotates diameter,
cfor the light velocity.
2. a kind of optical delay measuring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 2 specifically comprises:
Step 21: the first fiber coupler is divided into N road by the laser beam of pulsed laser output;
Step 22: the beam signal of the first fiber coupler first via output port is input to the second fiber coupler first via input port; First fiber coupler the second output port ... the beam signal of the first fiber coupler N output port output, by delay line device, carry out signal delay control respectively, and correspondence exports second fiber coupler the second input port to respectively ... the second fiber coupler N input port; The second fiber coupler output port output beam signal regulates and tests through autocorrelation function analyzer.
3. a kind of optical delay measuring method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described delay line device comprises N-1 lag line, described N-1 lag line input end is connected with the first fiber coupler N output port, and N-1 lag line output terminal is connected with the second fiber coupler N input end.
4. a kind of optical delay measuring method according to claim 3, is characterized in that described the first fiber coupler 1*N fiber coupler, and the second fiber coupler is all N*1 fiber coupler, and lag line number is N-1.
5. a kind of optical delay measuring method according to claim 3, is characterized in that described lag line number is 1 to 7, N-1 number 1 to 7.
6. the deferred mount based on a kind of optical delay measuring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that comprising:
Pulsed laser, for Output of laser light beam;
The first fiber coupler, for being divided into N road by the laser beam of pulsed laser input;
Delay line device, for wherein carrying out signal delay in light beam relatively last road in N-1 road to the first fiber coupler;
The second fiber coupler, for receiving the beam signal of first fiber coupler the first output port output, for N-1 light delay signal of receive delay line apparatus output, described N road beam signal is followed successively by time delay simultaneously
, and
be less than autocorrelation function analyzer hour range half, described N>1;
Autocorrelation function analyzer, for receiving the beam signal of the second fiber coupler output, carries out beam signal adjusting and test, and records self correlated peak peak value two two positions relative time interval δ T;
Processor, is received from correlator and records self correlated peak peak value two two positions relative time interval δ T, and processor passes through
, calculate δ t time delay.
7. a kind of optical delay measurement mechanism according to claim 6, it is characterized in that described delay line device comprises N-1 lag line, described N-1 lag line input end is connected with the first fiber coupler N-1 output port, N-1 lag line output terminal is connected with the second fiber coupler N-1 input end, and described lag line control end is connected with processor output terminal.
8. a kind of optical delay measurement mechanism according to claim 6, is characterized in that the beam signal of described the first fiber coupler first via output port is input to the second fiber coupler first via input port; First fiber coupler the second output port ... the beam signal of the first fiber coupler N output port output, by delay line device, carry out signal delay control respectively, and correspondence exports second fiber coupler the second input port to respectively ... the second fiber coupler N input port; The second fiber coupler output port output beam signal regulates and tests through autocorrelation function analyzer.
9. a kind of optical delay measurement mechanism according to claim 6, is characterized in that described the first fiber coupler, the second fiber coupler are all 1*N fiber couplers, and lag line number is N-1.
10. a kind of optical delay measurement mechanism according to claim 6, is characterized in that described lag line number is at 1 to 7 o'clock, and described N-1 scope is 1 to 7.
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| CN103994830A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-08-20 | 南开大学 | Method and system for acquiring interval, pulse width and intensity ratio of double pulses |
| CN104459676A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-03-25 | 上海大学 | System and method for simultaneously measuring lengths of two optical fibers |
| CN105762631A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-13 | 武汉虹拓新技术有限责任公司 | Method and device for improving repetition frequency of laser |
| CN105932531A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-09-07 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | High repetition frequency laser pulse generation and time delay calibration method |
| CN106033023A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2016-10-19 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Polarization maintaining optical fiber beat length measurement method and system |
| CN108594627A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-09-28 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of acquisition methods of the delay time of function optical device |
| CN108828764A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-11-16 | 深圳市华讯方舟太赫兹科技有限公司 | A kind of optical-fiber drawing device and optical fiber delay scanning system |
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| CN111707366A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-09-25 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Real-time high-precision time delay sensing device and method based on optical fiber Doppler interference |
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| CN103994830A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-08-20 | 南开大学 | Method and system for acquiring interval, pulse width and intensity ratio of double pulses |
| CN104459676A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-03-25 | 上海大学 | System and method for simultaneously measuring lengths of two optical fibers |
| CN104459676B (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2017-01-11 | 上海大学 | System and method for simultaneously measuring lengths of two optical fibers |
| CN106033023A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2016-10-19 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Polarization maintaining optical fiber beat length measurement method and system |
| CN105762631A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-13 | 武汉虹拓新技术有限责任公司 | Method and device for improving repetition frequency of laser |
| CN105932531A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-09-07 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | High repetition frequency laser pulse generation and time delay calibration method |
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| CN108594627A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-09-28 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of acquisition methods of the delay time of function optical device |
| CN111707366A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-09-25 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Real-time high-precision time delay sensing device and method based on optical fiber Doppler interference |
| CN111707366B (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2024-03-15 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Real-time high-precision delay sensing device based on optical fiber Doppler interference |
| CN112834057A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-25 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Multi-window pulse measuring device and method |
| CN112834057B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-05-20 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Multi-window pulse measuring device and method |
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