CN103551717B - The welding method of the multistage girth joint of middle thin-walled variable diameters Al-alloy casing - Google Patents
The welding method of the multistage girth joint of middle thin-walled variable diameters Al-alloy casing Download PDFInfo
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- CN103551717B CN103551717B CN201310505159.4A CN201310505159A CN103551717B CN 103551717 B CN103551717 B CN 103551717B CN 201310505159 A CN201310505159 A CN 201310505159A CN 103551717 B CN103551717 B CN 103551717B
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- welding
- alloy casing
- preheating
- positioning seat
- multistage
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
- B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/047—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work moving work to adjust its position between soldering, welding or cutting steps
Abstract
A welding method for the multistage girth joint of middle thin-walled variable diameters Al-alloy casing, is characterized in that comprising the steps: that welding point designs; Once clean; The protection of the weld seam back of the body; Assembling; Secondary is clean; Automatic variable polarity plasma arc welding welding machine is adopted to carry out preheating and welding to Al-alloy casing; All multistage weld seams have welded the rear employing nature type of cooling makes case temperature be down to room temperature.Variable-polarity plasma welding technique adopts square groove or opens less groove compared with traditional Gas Tungsten Arc Welding technique, especially for the Al-alloy casing of below wall thickness 10mm without bevelling, can once weld, thus reduce heat input, decrease weld defect probability of happening; Preheating and welding adopt same equipment, improve preheating and welding efficiency, reduce welding cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of welding method, belong to welding technology field.
Background technology
Due to demands such as product lightweight, structural design, cost control, thin-walled variable diameters Al-alloy casing during now the structural member of a lot of storage, conveying all adopts thickness between 2.0mm ~ 20.0mm, welding of the multistage girth joint between the cylindrical shell relating to different-diameter and between cylindrical shell with flange.Traditional handicraft is due to bevel for welding improper, the welding procedure of design and welding tooling imperfection, cause housing weldquality low, easy generation pore, be mingled with, weld crack and the weld defect such as lack of penetration, especially welding deformation, relating to influencing each other of many girth joints causes housing bulk deformation serious, can not meet product instructions for use.
Now along with solder technology is fast-developing, the especially appearance of variable-polarity plasma welding technology, in solution, the welding of thin-walled variable diameters Al-alloy casing girth joint provides technical foundation.Variable-polarity plasma welding technology and the conventional Gas Tungsten Arc Welding arc energy that compares is more concentrated, the less weldquality even not needing bevel just can obtain high-quality of bevel for welding, adopt highly purified argon gas to improve welding quality further, the welding tooling of design serves important function for preventing Al-alloy casing welding deformation.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of welding method improving weldquality, reduce the multistage girth joint of thin-walled variable diameters Al-alloy casing in welding deformation.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention be provide for the above-mentioned state of the art a kind of easy and simple to handle in the welding method of the multistage girth joint of thin-walled variable diameters Al-alloy casing.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme: the welding method of the multistage girth joint of a kind of middle thin-walled variable diameters Al-alloy casing, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1. welding point design: carry out grooves of welding joints design according to housing aluminium alloy wall thickness 2.0mm ~ 20.0mm, determine square groove or open low-angle groove;
2. once clean: to carry out soda acid cleaning to needing the Al-alloy casing parts of welding;
3. weld seam back of the body protection: adopt the ceramic pad of band arc groove to carry out the protection of the weld seam back of the body;
4. assemble: the supporting seat first ceramic pad being placed in respectively welding tooling, then by Al-alloy casing parts assembling and positioning on welding tooling;
5. secondary is clean: adopt dried compressed air to brush position to be welded before weldering;
6. automatic variable polarity plasma arc welding welding machine is adopted to look wall thickness determination preheating or not preheating to the dress multistage girth joint of Al-alloy casing after positioning;
7. adopt automatic variable polarity plasma arc welding welding machine to weld successively the multistage girth joint of Al-alloy casing behind location, during the snapping of every one-level girth joint, case temperature all can not more than 110 DEG C;
8. all multistage weld seams have welded the rear employing nature type of cooling and make case temperature be down to room temperature;
9. the Al-alloy casing after welding is disassembled from welding tooling.
The 1. described welding point design of step is as follows:
Further, described welding point is as wall thickness t
1during=2.0mm ~ 10mm, square groove; As thickness of slab t
2during=11.0mm ~ 20.0mm, open one side V groove in hull outside, bevel angle is 30 ° ~ 60 °, reserved e=t
2-9.0mm root face, girth joint fit-up gap 0.0mm ~ 1.0mm.
Step 3. described in the ceramic pad of weld seam back of the body protection, long × wide × thick is 25mm × 20mm × 4mm, and length direction is slotted wide 3.0mm ~ 4.0mm, dark 1.5mm ~ 3.0mm..
Described Al-alloy casing comprises the first sleeve and the second sleeve that are welded to each other successively, and aforementioned first sleeve diameter is greater than the second sleeve diameter, and the outer end of aforementioned first sleeve is welded with large flange, and the outer end of aforementioned second sleeve is welded with little flange; Step 4. described in welding tooling
Comprise
Mandrel;
First positioning seat, is located on aforesaid mandrel and also can rotates around mandrel, for locating large flange;
Second positioning seat, and aforesaid first positioning seat interval is arranged, for locating little flange;
Pull bar, to be laterally located between aforesaid first positioning seat and the second positioning seat and the first positioning seat and the second positioning seat to be connected as a single entity;
Large end supporting seat, can be located on aforesaid pull bar movably, and outer end has the first cushion block be close to mutually with the first sleeve;
Middle-end supporting seat, can be located on aforesaid pull bar movably, and outer end has the second cushion block be close to mutually with the second sleeve lining; And
Withstanding tight block, can be positioned aforesaid little flange on the second positioning seat.
First positioning seat, the second positioning seat, large end supporting seat and small end supporting seat coordinated, by each parts effective location to be welded, are convenient to implement welding procedure, meanwhile, less on each parts impact during welding, and variable diameters Al-alloy casing can not be made to produce distortion.
The low level support portion comprising spaced setting of described middle-end supporting seat and high-order support portion, and aforesaid low level support portion and outer end, high-order support portion are equipped with the second cushion block.
The rear end of described mandrel has bearing block, is provided with bearing in this bearing block, and described second positioning seat has to be located in aforementioned axis bearing and the rotation section be rotatably assorted with bearing.
As preferably, step 5. described in the dry air humidity that adopts of secondary cleaning be less than 5%, pressure is 0.1 ~ 0.3MPa.
Further, step 6. described in employing automatic variable polarity plasma arc welding welding machine to being contained in not preheating when the multistage girth joint of Al-alloy casing looks wall thickness 2.0mm ~ 10.0mm, preheating 50 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C during wall thickness 11.0mm ~ 20.0mm, preheated zone is each 10mm scopes in groove both sides.
As preferably, the preheating that step is 6. described and step 7. described in welding adopt welding gun motionless and Al-alloy casing rotates mode is carried out.
The preheating that step is 6. described and step 7. described in welding time all adopt purity be 99.999% straight argon be protective gas.Adopt high-purity argon as the protective gas of preheating and welding, groove oxidation and affect welding quality when preventing preheating simultaneously;
The welding employing single face welding and double face shaping that step is 6. described, and only weld one deck together.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: 1. variable-polarity plasma welding technique adopts square groove or opens less groove compared with traditional Gas Tungsten Arc Welding technique, especially for the Al-alloy casing of below wall thickness 10mm without bevelling, can once weld, thus reduce heat input, decrease weld defect probability of happening; 2. same equipment is adopted for the preheating of middle thin-walled variable diameters Al-alloy casing multistage girth joint and welding, improve preheating and welding efficiency, reduce welding cost; 3. can support the housing with multistage girth joint prevents welding deformation to the welding tooling designed simultaneously, can realize again the back of the body protection of multistage girth joint, ensure girth joint back welding quality and appearance of weld.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the middle thin-walled variable diameters Al-alloy casing after having welded in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is welding tooling structural representation in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is state diagram when welding in embodiment 1.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1, as shown in Figure 1, the Al-alloy casing in the present embodiment comprises the first sleeve 2a and the second sleeve 3a that are welded to each other successively, and the first sleeve 2a internal diameter is greater than the second sleeve 3a internal diameter, the outer end of the first sleeve 2a is welded with large flange 1a, and the outer end of the second sleeve 3a is welded with little flange 4a.
As shown in Figure 2, the welding tooling in the present embodiment comprises mandrel 1, first positioning seat 2, second positioning seat 7, pull bar 4, large end supporting seat 3, middle-end supporting seat 5 and withstanding tight block 8.
First positioning seat 2 is located on mandrel and also can be rotated around mandrel 1, and for locating large flange 1a, the second positioning seat 7 and the first positioning seat 2 interval are arranged, for locating little flange 4a; Pull bar 4 to be laterally located between the first positioning seat 2 and the second positioning seat 7 and the first positioning seat 2 and the second positioning seat 7 to be connected as a single entity.
Large end supporting seat 3 can be located on pull bar 4 movably, and outer end has the first cushion block 31 be close to the first sleeve 2a phase; Middle-end supporting seat 5 can be located on pull bar 4 movably, and outer end has the second cushion block 53 be close to mutually with the second sleeve 3a inwall.
Little flange 4a can be positioned on the second positioning seat 7 by withstanding tight block 8, can move under the effect of driving mechanism (without display in figure) relative to the second positioning seat 7.
The low level support portion 52 comprising spaced setting of middle-end supporting seat 5 and high-order support portion 51, and low level support portion 52 and outer end, high-order support portion 51 are equipped with the second cushion block 53.Large end supporting seat 3 is connected with mandrel 1 outer wall by threaded engagement with middle-end supporting seat 5.The front end of mandrel 1 is rotatably assorted by bearing 61 and the first positioning seat 2, and the rear end of mandrel 1 has bearing block 11, is provided with bearing 62 in this bearing block 11, and the second positioning seat 7 has to be located in bearing block 11 and the rotation section 71 be rotatably assorted with bearing 62.
Operation principle: the first positioning seat 2 is bolted with positioner rotating disk.First respectively by large flange 1a, first sleeve 2a, second sleeve 3a is passed by the second positioning seat 2 side, large flange 1a is abutted on the first positioning seat 2, by the first sleeve 2a and large flange 1a, first sleeve 2a and the second sleeve 3a is bonded with each other, mandrel 1(is regulated to rotate clockwise) bevel for welding that large flange 1a and the first sleeve 2a is formed is placed on large the first cushion block 31 held on supporting seat 3, the bevel for welding that first sleeve 2a and the second sleeve 3a is formed is placed on the second cushion block 53 on middle-end supporting seat 5, and laminating closely, make to hold greatly supporting seat 3 and middle-end supporting seat 5 pairs of large girth joints of housing and middle girth joint to play a supportive role on the one hand, ensure weld seam back-welding shape and welding quality when welding on the other hand.
Second step, little flange 4a is passed by frock second positioning seat 7 side, little flange 4a and the second positioning seat 7 are fitted, and the little girth joint that little flange 4a and the second sleeve 3a is formed is placed on the cushion block 10 on small end supporting seat 6, make it laminating closely, on the one hand small end movable support seat 7 and little flange supporting seat 6 pairs of little girth joints of housing being played a supportive role, ensureing weld seam back-welding shape and welding quality when welding on the other hand.
3rd step, holds out against the little flange 4a of housing by withstanding tight block 8, adjustment mandrel 1 ensures housing level and stationary housing is not moved when welding and rocks.
4th step, after having welded, now removes withstanding tight block 8, regulates mandrel 1(to rotate counterclockwise) housing entirety is unloaded from frock.
First positioning seat, the second positioning seat, large end supporting seat and small end supporting seat coordinated, by each parts effective location to be welded, are convenient to implement welding procedure, meanwhile, less on each parts impact during welding, and variable diameters Al-alloy casing can not be made to produce distortion.
The present embodiment is that the 5A06 alloyed aluminium variable diameter housing that 3.0mm wall thickness has a tertiary circulation weld seam welds.It comprises the following steps:
(1) welding point design and welding manner design: welding point determination square groove, adopt the welding procedure single face welding and double face shapings such as Variable Polarity, setting weld seam fit-up gap is 0mm, and welding gun 100 is motionless, the mode preheating that Al-alloy casing 10 rotates and welding (as shown in Figure 3); (2) clean: soda acid cleaning is carried out to the Al-alloy casing size cylinder and size flange that need welding; (3) assemble: ceramic liner block is placed in respectively three grades of movable support seats, then by housing parts once property assembling and positioning on specific welding assambly, and regulate mandrel to prop up housing from inner side; (4) secondary is clean: adopt dried compressed air to brush three grades of weld seam positions to be welded before weldering; (5) preheating: because wall thickness 3.0mm determines not preheating; (6) weld: adopt automatic variable polarity plasma arc welding welding machine to weld successively the Al-alloy casing tertiary circulation weld seam be contained in described frock; (7) cool: all three grades of weld seams have welded the rear employing nature type of cooling makes case temperature be down to room temperature; (8) disassembling fixture: finally by disassembling mandrel frock, takes out Al-alloy casing.
Embodiment 2, the present embodiment is that the 7A05 alloyed aluminium variable diameter housing that 4.0mm wall thickness has a level Four girth joint welds.It comprises the following steps:
(1) welding point design and welding manner design: welding point determination square groove, adopts the welding procedure single face welding and double face shapings such as Variable Polarity, and setting weld seam fit-up gap is 0mm, and welding gun is motionless, the mode preheating of housing into rotation and welding; (2) clean: soda acid cleaning is carried out to the large, medium and small cylinder of Al-alloy casing and size flange that need welding; (3) assemble: ceramic liner block is placed in respectively level Four movable support seat, then by housing parts once property assembling and positioning on specific welding assambly, and regulate mandrel to prop up housing from inner side; (4) secondary is clean: adopt dried compressed air to brush level Four weld seam position to be welded before weldering; (5) preheating: because wall thickness 4.0mm determines not preheating; (6) weld: adopt automatic variable polarity plasma arc welding welding machine to weld successively the Al-alloy casing level Four girth joint be contained in described frock; (7) cool: all three grades of weld seams have welded the rear employing nature type of cooling makes case temperature be down to room temperature; (8) disassembling fixture: finally by disassembling mandrel frock, takes out Al-alloy casing.The welding tooling reference example 1 adopted.
Embodiment 3, the present embodiment is that the 5A06 alloyed aluminium variable diameter housing that 12.0mm wall thickness has a tertiary circulation weld seam welds.It comprises the following steps:
(1) welding point design and welding manner design: welding point determines out 30 ° of grooves, adopts the welding procedure single face welding and double face shapings such as Variable Polarity, and setting weld seam fit-up gap is 0mm ~ 1.0mm, and welding gun is motionless, the mode preheating of housing into rotation and welding; (2) clean: soda acid cleaning is carried out to the Al-alloy casing size cylinder and size flange that need welding; (3) assemble: ceramic liner block is placed in respectively three grades of movable support seats, then by housing parts once property assembling and positioning on specific welding assambly, and regulate mandrel to prop up housing from inner side; (4) secondary is clean: adopt dried compressed air to brush three grades of weld seam positions to be welded before weldering; (5) preheating: adopt automatic variable polarity plasma arc welding welding machine to the Al-alloy casing tertiary circulation weld seam preheating 50 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C be contained in described frock; (6) weld: adopt automatic variable polarity plasma arc welding welding machine to weld successively the Al-alloy casing tertiary circulation weld seam be contained in described frock; (7) cool: all three grades of weld seams have welded the rear employing nature type of cooling makes case temperature be down to room temperature; (8) disassembling fixture: finally by disassembling mandrel frock, takes out Al-alloy casing.The welding tooling reference example 1 adopted.
Multilevel aluminum alloy shell weld seam in above-mentioned three embodiments carries out inspection after welding, do not find weld crack, pore, the defect such as lack of penetration, weldquality reaches I grade, and the wrong variable of weld seam is less than 0.2mm, case weld distortion obviously improves, and meets product design requirement.
Claims (10)
1. in, a welding method for the multistage girth joint of thin-walled variable diameters Al-alloy casing, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1. welding point design: carry out grooves of welding joints design according to housing aluminium alloy wall thickness 2.0mm ~ 20.0mm, determine square groove or open low-angle groove;
2. once clean: to carry out soda acid cleaning to needing the Al-alloy casing parts of welding;
3. weld seam back of the body protection: adopt the ceramic pad of band arc groove to carry out the protection of the weld seam back of the body;
4. assemble: the supporting seat first ceramic pad being placed in respectively welding tooling, then by Al-alloy casing parts assembling and positioning on welding tooling;
5. secondary is clean: adopt dried compressed air to brush position to be welded before weldering;
6. automatic variable polarity plasma arc welding welding machine is adopted to look wall thickness determination preheating or not preheating to the dress multistage girth joint of Al-alloy casing after positioning;
7. adopt automatic variable polarity plasma arc welding welding machine to weld successively the multistage girth joint of Al-alloy casing behind location, during the snapping of every one-level girth joint, case temperature all can not more than 110 DEG C;
8. all multistage weld seams have welded the rear employing nature type of cooling and make case temperature be down to room temperature;
9. the Al-alloy casing after welding is disassembled from welding tooling;
Described Al-alloy casing comprises the first sleeve and the second sleeve that are welded to each other successively, and aforementioned first sleeve diameter is greater than the second sleeve diameter, and the outer end of aforementioned first sleeve is welded with large flange, and the outer end of aforementioned second sleeve is welded with little flange; Step 4. described in welding tooling
Comprise
Mandrel;
First positioning seat, is located on aforesaid mandrel and also can rotates around mandrel, for locating large flange;
Second positioning seat, and aforesaid first positioning seat interval is arranged, for locating little flange;
Pull bar, to be laterally located between aforesaid first positioning seat and the second positioning seat and the first positioning seat and the second positioning seat to be connected as a single entity;
Large end supporting seat, can be located on aforesaid pull bar movably, and outer end has the first cushion block be close to mutually with the first sleeve;
Middle-end supporting seat, can be located on aforesaid pull bar movably, and outer end has the second cushion block be close to mutually with the second sleeve lining; And
Withstanding tight block, can be positioned aforesaid little flange on the second positioning seat.
2. welding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the welding point design described in step is 1. is as follows:
Described welding point is as wall thickness t
1during=2.0mm ~ 10mm, square groove; As wall thickness t
2during=11.0mm ~ 20.0mm, open one side V groove in hull outside, bevel angle is 30 ° ~ 60 °, reserved e=t
2-9.0mm root face, girth joint fit-up gap 0.0mm ~ 1.0mm.
3. welding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the ceramic pad described in step 3., and long × wide × thick is 25mm × 20mm × 4mm, and length direction is slotted wide 3.0mm ~ 4.0mm, dark 1.5mm ~ 3.0mm.
4. welding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described middle-end supporting seat comprises the low level support portion of spaced setting and high-order support portion, and aforesaid low level support portion and outer end, high-order support portion are equipped with the second cushion block.
5. welding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the rear end of described mandrel has bearing block, is provided with bearing in this bearing block, and described second positioning seat has to be located in aforementioned axis bearing and the rotation section be rotatably assorted with bearing.
6. welding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the dry air humidity that the secondary cleaning described in step 5. adopts is less than 5%, pressure is 0.1 ~ 0.3MPa.
7. welding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the employing automatic variable polarity plasma arc welding welding machine described in step is 6. to being contained in not preheating when the multistage girth joint of Al-alloy casing looks wall thickness 2.0mm ~ 10.0mm, preheating 50 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C during wall thickness 11.0mm ~ 20.0mm, preheated zone is each 10mm scopes in groove both sides.
8. welding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the welding described in the preheating that step is 6. described and step are 7. adopts welding gun motionless and Al-alloy casing rotates mode is carried out.
9. welding method according to claim 1, all adopt when it is characterized in that the welding described in the preheating that step is 6. described and step are 7. purity be 99.999% straight argon be protective gas.
10. welding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the welding employing single face welding and double face shaping that step is 6. described, and only welds one deck together.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310505159.4A CN103551717B (en) | 2013-09-22 | 2013-10-23 | The welding method of the multistage girth joint of middle thin-walled variable diameters Al-alloy casing |
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| CN201310434998.1 | 2013-09-22 | ||
| CN201310434998 | 2013-09-22 | ||
| CN201310505159.4A CN103551717B (en) | 2013-09-22 | 2013-10-23 | The welding method of the multistage girth joint of middle thin-walled variable diameters Al-alloy casing |
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| CN103551717B true CN103551717B (en) | 2015-12-30 |
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| CN104259629A (en) * | 2014-08-07 | 2015-01-07 | 托伦斯精密机械（上海）有限公司 | Method for welding aluminum alloy cavity |
| CN104607798B (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2016-03-23 | 辽宁工业大学 | The welding tooling of the hollow stepped stem of a kind of medium carbon steel and method |
| CN104646795B (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2016-09-21 | 中国运载火箭技术研究院 | A kind of weak rigidity of 5M diameter, minor diameter manhole tank joint sealing circular-seam welding method |
| CN105383055B (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2017-09-22 | 株洲中航动力精密铸造有限公司 | Assembled wax-pattern assembling clamp and assembling method is welded for rotary body wax-pattern part |
| CN107520577B (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2020-02-28 | 上海宝冶工程技术有限公司 | Tool for welding nickel-based alloy pipeline |
| CN109128642A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-04 | 天津市联众钢管有限公司 | A kind of pipe end flange welding positioning tooling |
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