CN104259629A - Method for welding aluminum alloy cavity - Google Patents
Method for welding aluminum alloy cavity Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104259629A CN104259629A CN201410386767.2A CN201410386767A CN104259629A CN 104259629 A CN104259629 A CN 104259629A CN 201410386767 A CN201410386767 A CN 201410386767A CN 104259629 A CN104259629 A CN 104259629A
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- Prior art keywords
- aluminum alloy
- cavity
- alloy part
- welding
- welding method
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for welding an aluminum alloy cavity, and belongs to the technical field of metal machining. The method for welding the aluminum alloy cavity comprises the steps that before welding, aluminum alloy parts are cleaned, an oxidation film is removed, and therefore generation of welding joints can be reduced; meanwhile, the aluminum alloy parts are assembled in a cleaning chamber, and are preheated. The compactness degree of the welding joints can be effectively improved, weld cracks are prevented from deforming, and therefore the sealing effect of the final aluminum alloy cavity is ensured. The method for welding the aluminum alloy cavity is easy and convenient to implement, low in cost and wide in application range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal working technical area, particularly metal welding techniques field, specifically refer to a kind of aluminium alloy cavity welding method.
Background technology
Aluminium is argenteous light metal, has good plasticity, higher electric conductivity and thermal conductivity, also has anti-oxidant and erosion-resisting ability simultaneously.Aluminium is very easily oxidized and produces alundum (Al2O3) film, in weld seam, easily produce field trash, thus destroys metallic continuity and uniformity, reduces its mechanical performance and decay resistance.
Aluminium alloy cavity welding difficulty of the prior art is:
(1) aluminium alloy is very easily oxidized.In atmosphere, the easy combine with oxygen of aluminium, generate fine and close alundum (Al2O3) film (thickness about 0.1 ~ 0.2 μm), fusing point high (about 2050 DEG C), considerably beyond the fusing point (about about 600 DEG C) of Al and Alalloy.Density 3.95 ~ the 4.10g/cm of aluminium oxide
3, be about 1.4 times of aluminium, the easy adsorption moisture in surface of aluminum oxide film, during welding, it hinders the fusion of base metal, very easily forms the defects such as pore, slag inclusion, incomplete fusion, causes Weld Performance to decline.
(2) easily pore is produced.The main cause producing pore during aluminum and its alloy welding is hydrogen, due to the hydrogen that liquid aluminium solubilized is a large amount of, and solid aluminum dissolved hydrogen hardly, therefore when bath temperature cools with when solidifying fast, hydrogen has little time effusion, in weld seam, easily assemble forming pore.Hydrogen blistering is difficult to avoid completely at present, and the source of hydrogen is a lot, has the hydrogen in arc welding atmosphere, the moisture etc. in aluminium sheet, welding wire surface absorbed air.Facts have proved, even if argon gas presses GB/T4842 standard-required, purity reaches more than 99.99%, but when moisture reaches 20ppm, also there will be a large amount of fine and close pores, and when relative air humidity is more than 80%, weld seam obviously will occur pore.
(3) seam deformation and formation crackle tendency are greatly.About large than the steel twice of the linear expansion coefficient of aluminium and crystallization shrinkage, easily produce the internal stress of larger welding deformation, the structure larger to rigidity will impel the generation of fire check.
(4) thermal conductivity factor large (fine aluminium 0.538 blocks/cms DEG C) of aluminium.Be about 4 times of steel, therefore, when welding of aluminum and aluminium alloy cavity, more heat will be consumed than welding steel.The heat that during wall thickness 27.3m, welding gun exports is difficult to concentrate.
(5) achromatization change.Al and Alalloy from solid-state transfer liquid state to time, change without obvious color, make operator be difficult to grasp heating-up temperature.
(6) the narrow and small 246.7mm × 712.8mm of this aluminium alloy cavity open space, wall thickness 27.3mm are very big for carrying out welding operation difficulty when preheating.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming of the prior art, there is provided one can reduce weld porosity to produce, improve weld seam tight ness rating, bead crack is avoided to be out of shape, thus improve cavity airtight effect, and embodiment is easy, with low cost, range of application is aluminium alloy cavity welding method comparatively widely.
In order to realize above-mentioned object, aluminium alloy cavity welding method of the present invention, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) each aluminum alloy part to be welded is cleaned;
(2) each aluminum alloy part described in clean room assembling;
(3) each aluminum alloy part described in preheating;
(4) described aluminum alloy part is welded as aluminium alloy cavity.
In this aluminium alloy cavity welding method, described step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
(11) physics cleans described aluminum alloy part to be welded surface, removes burr and oxide-film;
(12) oxide layer of aluminum alloy part to be welded described in Chemical cleaning.
In this aluminium alloy cavity welding method, described step (12) specifically comprises the following steps:
(12-1) degreasing agent is utilized to remove the greasy dirt of described piece surface;
(12-2) alkaline etching is utilized to remove the natural oxide of described piece surface;
(12-3) acid etching is utilized to remove the new oxide of a class of described piece surface;
(12-4) pickling is utilized to remove the new oxide of two classes of described piece surface.
In this aluminium alloy cavity welding method, the aluminum alloy part of described step (2) described in clean room assembling, is specially: utilize alignment pin mutually to be located by described each aluminum alloy part at clean room.
In this aluminium alloy cavity welding method, the described each aluminum alloy part described in step (3) preheating, is specially: utilize electric-heating-wire-heating plate by the cavity heating temperatures between the temperature of described each aluminum alloy part and described each aluminum alloy part to predetermined temperature.
In this aluminium alloy cavity welding method, when described aluminum alloy part thickness is greater than 8 millimeters, by the heating temperatures to 80 of described each aluminum alloy part DEG C to 120 DEG C, and by and described each aluminum alloy part between cavity heating temperatures to 60 DEG C to 100 DEG C.
In this aluminium alloy cavity welding method, described aluminum alloy part is welded as aluminium alloy cavity by described step (4), be specially: utilize the gap between each aluminum alloy part described in the welding of ac tungsten inert gases welding method, the aluminium alloy cavity described in formation.
In this aluminium alloy cavity welding method, described step (4) specifically comprises the following steps:
(41) Chemical cleaning Al-Si wire, removes the grease on Al-Si wire and oxide, and Al-Si wire described in preheating;
(42) Al-Si wire described in utilization, and adopt the gap between each aluminum alloy part described in the welding of inside cavity continuous welding method.
In this aluminium alloy cavity welding method, described inside cavity continuous welding method is specially: when throat thickness is less than 15mm, weld with leftward welding, and welding torch becomes 60 ° of angles with described aluminum alloy part; When throat thickness is more than or equal to 15mm, weld with rightward welding, welding torch and described aluminum alloy part are at an angle of 90.
Have employed the aluminium alloy cavity welding method of this invention, due to its before welding, first each aluminum alloy part is cleaned, eliminate oxide-film, thus weld porosity generation can be reduced, simultaneously, each aluminum alloy part is assembled at clean room, and preheating, can effectively improve weld seam tight ness rating, bead crack is avoided to be out of shape, thus ensure that the obturation effect of final aluminium alloy cavity, and aluminium alloy cavity welding method of the present invention, its embodiment is easy, with low cost, range of application is also comparatively extensive.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of steps of aluminium alloy cavity welding method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is aluminium alloy cavity welding method of the present invention schematic flow sheet in actual applications.
Fig. 3 is each aluminum alloy part assembling schematic diagram in aluminium alloy cavity welding method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram in aluminium alloy cavity welding method of the present invention, aluminum alloy part being carried out to the heating of electric-heating-wire-heating plate.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly understand technology contents of the present invention, describe in detail especially exemplified by following examples.
Referring to shown in Fig. 1, is the flow chart of steps of aluminium alloy cavity welding method of the present invention.
In one embodiment, this aluminium alloy cavity welding method comprises the following steps:
(1) each aluminum alloy part to be welded is cleaned;
(2) each aluminum alloy part described in clean room assembling;
(3) each aluminum alloy part described in preheating;
(4) described aluminum alloy part is welded as aluminium alloy cavity.
In one more preferably embodiment, described step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
(11) physics cleans described aluminum alloy part to be welded surface, removes burr and oxide-film;
(12) oxide layer of aluminum alloy part to be welded described in Chemical cleaning.
In a kind of further preferred embodiment, described step (12) specifically comprises the following steps:
(12-1) degreasing agent is utilized to remove the greasy dirt of described piece surface;
(12-2) alkaline etching is utilized to remove the natural oxide of described piece surface;
(12-3) acid etching is utilized to remove the new oxide of a class of described piece surface;
(12-4) pickling is utilized to remove the new oxide of two classes of described piece surface.
In another kind more preferably embodiment, the aluminum alloy part of described step (2) described in clean room assembling, is specially: utilize alignment pin mutually to be located by described each aluminum alloy part at clean room.
The described each aluminum alloy part described in step (3) preheating, is specially: utilize electric-heating-wire-heating plate by the cavity heating temperatures between the temperature of described each aluminum alloy part and described each aluminum alloy part to predetermined temperature.
In another kind of further preferred embodiment, when described aluminum alloy part thickness is greater than 8 millimeters, by the heating temperatures to 80 of described each aluminum alloy part DEG C to 120 DEG C, and by and described each aluminum alloy part between cavity heating temperatures to 60 DEG C to 100 DEG C.
In the preferred embodiment of one, described aluminum alloy part is welded as aluminium alloy cavity by described step (4), be specially: utilize the gap between each aluminum alloy part described in the welding of ac tungsten inert gases welding method, the aluminium alloy cavity described in formation.Wherein, described step (4) specifically comprises the following steps:
(41) Chemical cleaning Al-Si wire, removes the grease on Al-Si wire and oxide, and Al-Si wire described in preheating;
(42) Al-Si wire described in utilization, and adopt the gap between each aluminum alloy part described in the welding of inside cavity continuous welding method.
Described inside cavity continuous welding method is specially:
When throat thickness is less than 15mm, weld with leftward welding, welding torch becomes 60 ° of angles with described aluminum alloy part;
When throat thickness is more than or equal to 15mm, weld with rightward welding, welding torch and described aluminum alloy part are at an angle of 90.
In actual applications, the step of aluminium alloy cavity welding method of the present invention as shown in Figure 2.The method of this aluminium alloy cavity welding roughly comprises the following steps:
(1) welds prepares
First adopt mechanical means, the burr of strict trimming groove both sides and surface film oxide.(mechanical chipping can adopt the instrument such as scraper, file, also can remove oxide-film with the brass wire brush polishing of 0.25mm for thinner oxide-film.)
Carrying out the cleaning of Chemical cleaning one-level again, is below chemical cleaning method:
Greasy dirt can be removed with degreasing agent;
Natural oxide then uses alkaline etching (NaOH) to remove, but with producing new oxide;
New oxide then uses acid etching (HF or HNO
3) remove, remove Si, but with producing new oxide M gO
2, CuO, Fe
2o
3;
New oxide M gO
2, CuO, Fe
2o
3then use pickling (HNO
3) remove, obtain intimate pure Al surface.
Cleaning is also according to the technique of aluminium surface clean, first with alkalescent degreasing agent, the greasy dirt of piece surface and natural oxide are removed, and then nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid remove newly-generated oxide, finally also tell light with nitric acid dedust again, obtain purer aluminium material surface.Cleaning adapts to semicon industry requirement through particular/special requirement, cleaning is carried out in dust free room, cleaning material used is high-cleanness electron level material, other contaminating impurity can not be brought into, the water of cleaning is ultra-pure water, and the piece surface cleaned by the method can be tested by the ion of coherent detection mechanism.And generally cleaning the greasy dirt can only removing surface, piece surface also leaves a lot of oxide, can cause harmful effect to following process.
Concrete cleaning is as shown in the table:
Table one cleaning parameter list
Welding immediately after cleaned, standing time is longer, and the oxide alundum (Al2O3) film that surface produces can be more and more thicker, as should be again cleaned more than the 24h time.
(2) Chemical cleaning completes, and part adopts alignment pin to be fixed assembling in toilet, assembling as shown in Figure 3.
(3) control of preheat temperature and interlayer temperature is determined
When thickness of slab is welded more than the slab of 8mm, all weld preheating will be carried out.Heating adopts electric-heating-wire-heating plate heating as shown in Figure 4.Preheat temperature controls between 80 DEG C ~ 120 DEG C, and interlayer temperature controls between 60 DEG C ~ 100 DEG C.Preheat temperature is too high, except operating environment badly except, also likely the alloy property of aluminium alloy is impacted, occurs welding joint softened, the phenomenons such as weld appearance cob webbing.Interlayer temperature is too high also can make the generation probability increase of aluminium welding heat crackle join gap and tack welding spacing.
(4) welding equipment, welding wire, welding method and parameter is selected.
Aluminium alloy cavity welding of the present invention adopts ac tungsten inert gases welding (i.e. TIG weldering).It is under the protection of argon gas, and the arc heat of generation melts a kind of welding method of mother metal and filler wire to utilize tungsten electrode and workpiece to ask.During the work of this welding machine, the polarity due to alternating current is in periodic conversion, and in each cycle, half-wave is straight polarity direct current, and half-wave is DC reverse connection.During the half-wave just connect, tungsten electrode can be launched enough electronics and be unlikely overheated, is conducive to the stable of electric arc.The oxide-film that during the half-wave of reversal connection, surface of the work generates be easy to cleaned fall and obtain that surface-brightening is attractive in appearance, be shaped good weld seam.
Generally select 311 Al-Si wires.Need Chemical cleaning simultaneously, remove grease residual on welding wire, oxide, with cavity preheating simultaneously, welding wire reaches drying effect.
Choose welding method and parameter.Generally carry out with leftward welding, welding torch becomes 60 ° of angles with workpiece.During more than throat thickness 15mm, carry out with rightward welding, welding torch and workpiece are at an angle of 90.
Welding wall thickness is when more than 3mm, and open V-butt, angle is 60 ° ~ 70 °, and diameter should be adopted to be the tungsten electrode of 3 ~ 4mm, and with the welding current of 220 ~ 240A, diameter is the filler wire of 3mm.Wall thickness is when below 1.5mm, and square groove, does not stay gap, does not add filling silk!
After welding completes, can also detect aluminium alloy cavity leak rate.Detection shows, utilizes the aluminium alloy cavity that welding method of the present invention is welded, and when chamber vacuumizes, leak rate is 9.2 × 10
-11pam
3/ s, can meet technological requirement completely.
Have employed the aluminium alloy cavity welding method of this invention, due to its before welding, first each aluminum alloy part is cleaned, eliminate oxide-film, thus weld porosity generation can be reduced, simultaneously, each aluminum alloy part is assembled at clean room, and preheating, can effectively improve weld seam tight ness rating, bead crack is avoided to be out of shape, thus ensure that the obturation effect of final aluminium alloy cavity, and aluminium alloy cavity welding method of the present invention, its embodiment is easy, with low cost, range of application is also comparatively extensive.
In this description, the present invention is described with reference to its specific embodiment.But, still can make various amendment and conversion obviously and not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Therefore, description and accompanying drawing are regarded in an illustrative, rather than a restrictive.
Claims (9)
1. an aluminium alloy cavity welding method, is characterized in that, described method comprises the following steps:
(1) each aluminum alloy part to be welded is cleaned;
(2) each aluminum alloy part described in clean room assembling;
(3) each aluminum alloy part described in preheating;
(4) described aluminum alloy part is welded as aluminium alloy cavity.
2. aluminium alloy cavity welding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
(11) physics cleans described aluminum alloy part to be welded surface, removes burr and oxide-film;
(12) oxide layer of aluminum alloy part to be welded described in Chemical cleaning.
3. aluminium alloy cavity welding method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described step (12) specifically comprises the following steps:
(12-1) degreasing agent is utilized to remove the greasy dirt of described piece surface;
(12-2) alkaline etching is utilized to remove the natural oxide of described piece surface;
(12-3) acid etching is utilized to remove the new oxide of a class of described piece surface;
(12-4) pickling is utilized to remove the new oxide of two classes of described piece surface.
4. aluminium alloy cavity welding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the aluminum alloy part of described step (2) described in clean room assembling, is specially:
Alignment pin is utilized mutually to be located by described each aluminum alloy part at clean room.
5. aluminium alloy cavity welding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described each aluminum alloy part described in step (3) preheating, is specially:
Utilize electric-heating-wire-heating plate by the cavity heating temperatures between the temperature of described each aluminum alloy part and described each aluminum alloy part to predetermined temperature.
6. aluminium alloy cavity welding method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, when described aluminum alloy part thickness is greater than 8 millimeters, by the heating temperatures to 80 of described each aluminum alloy part DEG C to 120 DEG C, and by and described each aluminum alloy part between cavity heating temperatures to 60 DEG C to 100 DEG C.
7. aluminium alloy cavity welding method according to any one of claim 1 to 6, is characterized in that, described aluminum alloy part is welded as aluminium alloy cavity by described step (4), is specially:
Utilize the gap between each aluminum alloy part described in the welding of ac tungsten inert gases welding method, the aluminium alloy cavity described in formation.
8. aluminium alloy cavity welding method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described step (4) specifically comprises the following steps:
(41) Chemical cleaning Al-Si wire, removes the grease on Al-Si wire and oxide, and Al-Si wire described in preheating;
(42) Al-Si wire described in utilization, and adopt the gap between each aluminum alloy part described in the welding of inside cavity continuous welding method.
9. aluminium alloy cavity welding method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described inside cavity continuous welding method is specially:
When throat thickness is less than 15mm, weld with leftward welding, welding torch becomes 60 ° of angles with described aluminum alloy part;
When throat thickness is more than or equal to 15mm, weld with rightward welding, welding torch and described aluminum alloy part are at an angle of 90.
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| CN201410386767.2A CN104259629A (en) | 2014-08-07 | 2014-08-07 | Method for welding aluminum alloy cavity |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410386767.2A CN104259629A (en) | 2014-08-07 | 2014-08-07 | Method for welding aluminum alloy cavity |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108356393A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-08-03 | 沈阳富创精密设备有限公司 | A kind of aluminum alloy vacuum cavity water channel welding procedure |
| CN109396773A (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2019-03-01 | 上海聚嘉源真空科技有限公司 | A kind of aluminium alloy cavity production method |
| CN109623106A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-16 | 常州市乐萌压力容器有限公司 | The welding procedure of semiconductor monocrystal furnace cavity |
| CN110948091A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-04-03 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of aluminum alloy airtight cavity |
| CN111037060A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-04-21 | 安徽高德铝业有限公司 | Welding process for aluminum product processing |
| CN111537619A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-08-14 | 内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司内蒙古电力科学研究院分公司 | TOFD detection simulation test block for steam drum head girth weld |
| CN111687567A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-22 | 苏州市海韵模具有限公司 | Welding process for precision parts |
| CN112975070A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-18 | 西安超越申泰信息科技有限公司 | Welding processing forming method for full-solid machine box |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108356393A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-08-03 | 沈阳富创精密设备有限公司 | A kind of aluminum alloy vacuum cavity water channel welding procedure |
| CN110948091A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-04-03 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of aluminum alloy airtight cavity |
| CN109623106A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-16 | 常州市乐萌压力容器有限公司 | The welding procedure of semiconductor monocrystal furnace cavity |
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| CN109396773A (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2019-03-01 | 上海聚嘉源真空科技有限公司 | A kind of aluminium alloy cavity production method |
| CN111037060A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-04-21 | 安徽高德铝业有限公司 | Welding process for aluminum product processing |
| CN111537619A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-08-14 | 内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司内蒙古电力科学研究院分公司 | TOFD detection simulation test block for steam drum head girth weld |
| CN111537619B (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2023-05-30 | 内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司内蒙古电力科学研究院分公司 | TOFD detection simulation test block for circumferential weld of steam drum seal head |
| CN111687567A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-22 | 苏州市海韵模具有限公司 | Welding process for precision parts |
| CN112975070A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-18 | 西安超越申泰信息科技有限公司 | Welding processing forming method for full-solid machine box |
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